2012 indian blackout, power system failure, grid failure, load encroachment, power swing, cascade tripping of transmission lines.

1. Power Grid failure: a reason
behind blackout
Er. Ishu Sethi
Past: Uiet, Panjab university, chandigarh
mbishu911@yahoo.com

2. July 30 , 0233 hrs. IST
¤ Power outage in Northern
India
¤ 8 states plunged into darkness

10. July 31 , 1302 hrs. IST
¤ Power outage in Northern , Eastern & North eastern India
¤ Nearly half of India's population affected
¤ 22 out of 28 states in India, without power

12. Reasons behind the failure
¤ Overdrawing of power by states namely Uttar Pradesh,
Punjab, Haryana than the scheduled Quota
¤ Overloading of Gwalior-Agra transmission line
People
¤ Low water level in Bakhra Dam
¤ Sir Rajnikant charging his laptop

13. Reasons behind the failure
¤ Overdrawing of power by states namely Uttar Pradesh,
Punjab, Haryana than the scheduled Quota
¤ Overloading of Gwalior-Agra transmission line
People
¤ Low water level in Bakhra Dam
¤ Sir Rajnikant charging his laptop

14. Reasons behind the failure
¤ Overdrawing of power by states namely Uttar Pradesh,
Punjab, Haryana than the scheduled Quota
¤ Overloading of Gwalior-Agra transmission line
People
¤ Low water level in Bakhra Dam
¤ Sir Rajnikant charging his laptop

15. Suspected Reasons
¤ Overdrawing of power by states namely Uttar Pradesh,
Punjab, Haryana than the scheduled Quota
¤ Overloading of Gwalior-Agra transmission line

16. Power drawl (July 30 0200 hrs.)
State Schedule
(MW)
Actual
(MW)
OD (+) / UD (-)
(MW)
Punjab 4850 5426 576
Rajasthan 1861 1474 -387
Haryana 2648 3205 557
Delhi 3088 2805 -283
Uttarakhand 512 593 81
HP 43 -88 -131
UP 5587 6310 723
JK 694 -15 -709
Chandigarh 295 230 -65
www.cercind.gov.in

17. Power overdrawl (July 30 0200 hrs.)
State % Over drawl
Punjab 11.87
Haryana 21.03
UP 12.94
www.powermin.nic.in
www.cercind.gov.in

18. Power drawl (July 30 0230 hrs.)
State Schedule
(MW)
Actual
(MW)
OD (+) / UD (-)
(MW)
Punjab 4769 5092 323
Rajasthan 1717 1379 -338
Haryana 2586 3103 517
Delhi 2987 2715 -272
Uttarakhand 475 636 161
HP 88 -93 -181
UP 5475 6331 856
JK 683 -1 -683
Chandigarh 295 234 -61
www.cercind.gov.in

19. Power overdrawl (July 30 0230 hrs.)
State % Over drawl
Punjab 6.77
Haryana 19.99
UP 15.63

20. ¤ Violating grid discipline and overdrawing
may be regular phenomenon
Preventive measure
¤ Isolate some lines.
¤ Borrow power from other Grids

21. Borrow power from
other grids

22. Antecedent conditions (30 July)
www.cercind.gov.in

23. Overloading of Gwalior-Agra
transmission line
¤ line overloading. (limit-691 MW, power
flowed- 1400 MW
Preventive action
¤ Divert load to available parallel lines.

24. How the Grid FailedSecond circuit of Bina-
Gwalior-Agra line is
closed since July 28 for
up gradation to 765 kV
level
* The closure of this ckt. At a time
when demand is high was the
mistake done by powergrid
1. Line tripping's initially due
to load encroachment and
then due to power swings
3. Not enough load
shedding seen. Once the
freq. fell below 47.5 Hz , it
led to automatic tripping
of generators, ultimately
whole grid collapsed
2.Huge gap b/w
demand and supply
once the NR gird got
separated from WR and
ER grid.

25. Power Swing
¤ For large disturbances, Angular separation between
generators goes on increasing.
¤ Wrong operation of distance relay, undesired tripping of
transmission lines , leading to cascading outages.

26. Angular separation
www.cercind.gov.in

27. Frequency profile (30 July)
www.cercind.gov.in

28. Non operation of Under freq. relays
¤ Northern Region has 10000 MW load
shedding envisaged through Under
frequency relays, df/dt relays.
¤ Rapid frequency decline shows non
operation of UFL
¤ Matter of serious concern

29. Both states, Power Grid to be blamed
for blackout
¤ States overdraw power beyond their
scheduled quota.
¤ Power Grid ordered closure of second
circuit of Agra– Gwalior line.
¤ Up gradation should have been done
during the lean season and not when
power demand is at its peak

30. Excessive Overdrawing
Overloading
Power Swing
Grid Collapse
What we
learnt

31. Northern Grid Hit by Underdrawl
(5 feb, 2013)
¤ 31 main transmission lines tripped due to high voltage.
¤ demand dipped from 29,000 MW to 18,000 MW
www.hindustantimes.com

32. Northern Grid Hit by Underdrawl
(5 feb, 2013)
¤ grid frequency reached 50.67 Hz at 0300 hrs.
¤ Ironically, states such as UP, Punjab and Haryana, were
again to be blamed for the high voltage
www.hindustantimes.com

33. What could be done
¤ Strict action must be taken against states
which disobey the GRID discipline.
¤ Replace traditional distance relay with
Modern distance relays.

34. What could be done
¤ Power Swing Block (PSB) function prevent
unwanted distance relay operation during
power swings.
¤ Need to convert the existing GRID into a SMART
GRID

35. SMART GRID
¤ Convergence of Information Technology (IT),
communication technology and electrical infrastructure
¤ Gather information about behaviors of suppliers and
consumers, in an automated fashion
¤ SMART METERS- variable billing
¤ Improved efficiency, reliability and sustainability of the
production and distribution of electricity

37. Thank you !
A presentation by Ishu Sethi
Contact-
ishusethi9@gmail.com
mbishu911@yahoo.com