The document discusses interventions for struggling readers. It recommends a 3-step process: 1) Diagnose needs through assessments, 2) Prepare targeted materials, 3) Implement interventions including classroom support, small group instruction, and a reading lab program. The reading lab uses the Carbo Method of repeated readings of recorded books above students' levels to improve fluency, comprehension and motivation. Vocabulary development strategies include using sophisticated words, graphic organizers, and self-checking cards.

1. Interventions for Struggling Readers Monica Wilkins Elaine McCullough

2. Interventions Are… student specific and designed to close learning gaps Are not… individual assistance in completing worksheets or assignments

3. Planning Interventions 3 Step Process Step 1: Diagnose Needs Step 2: Prepare Materials Step 3: Implement Interventions

4. Step 1: Diagnose Needs student specific use a diagnostic tool Running Record STAR Reading STAR Early Literacy Independent Reading Inventory/Level Reading Series Placement Test

5. Step 2: Prepare Materials K-2 Phonemic Awareness Phonics Decoding Strategies Tracking Form 3-5 Sight Word Fluency Sets of 10 words within 12 seconds Comprehension Sentence structure and comprehension using drawings Passages using quick draws Tracking Form

6. Step 3: Implement Interventions Classroom, SIP, Reading Lab Classroom Interventions any student 10-15 minutes daily Intervention Form / Ideas When???? first 5 minutes of recess 5 minutes while others are packing extra group rotation 10 minutes extra for struggling group

7. SIP: Speedy Intervention Practices Students with an IEP in place 15 minutes of pull-out daily

8. Speedy Intervention Practices

9. Reading Lab

10. Reading Lab Individualized self-paced instruction for improving skills Students in grades 2-4 attend for 45 minutes a day Instruction follows the Marie Carbo Recorded-Book Method Student progress is evaluated quarterly to determine need for services

11. What is the Carbo Method? Recorded readings are above the student’s independent level. Recorded: Slow pace Short phrases Good expression Small amounts

13. Effective Fluency Instruction Makes word recognition automatic and effortless Emphasizes rhythm and expression

14. Results of Carbo Recordings Reduce Stress Improve Fluency, comprehension, vocabulary, language, pronunciation Increase Motivation Confidence

15. What the Student Does Relaxes Listens to recorded story 2-3 times while looking at written material Student tracks with finger while listening Timed read-back and conference with teacher

16. Why the Carbo Method Works Increases learning and comprehension Addresses multiple intelligences High-interest stories have high meaning to the brain The brain is a pattern sorter With sufficient modeling of the text, the brain automatically identifies word patterns and begins to decipher unknown words

17. Picture It!

19. Picture It! Graphic organizer to help students recall the five story elements Uses acronym “STORY” S - Setting T - Talking characters O - Oops, a problem! R - Attempts to resolve the problem Y - Yes, the problem is solved

21. Picture It! Sets up a sequence to help readers anticipate the way in which the story unfolds Comprehension is the goal Visualization Knowledge of story elements

23. Nonfiction Application T - Topic tells what the story is about R - Record three facts about the topic U - Use context clues to understand vocabulary E - End with a summary that tells the most important thing about the topic

25. Sophisticated Words

26. Sophisticated Words Vocabulary is a critical factor in development of reading skills. Vocabulary knowledge is one of the best predictors of reading comprehension, reading performance in general, and school achievement.

27. Sophisticated Words to Use in the Classroom Accumulate Adjacent Affable Amiable Ascertain Discourteous Elucidate Erroneous Exemplary Halt Invalid Linger Proceed Proficient Rectify Verbalize

28. Sophisticated Words Particularly appropriate for instruction Words are not likely to be encountered or learned through typical interaction with academic materials or everyday conversation Expands vocabulary breadth and depth

29. Pic-Wizard Vocabulary

30. Pic-Wizard Vocabulary Self-checking vocabulary cards Focus on a variety of skills Synonyms Antonyms Multiple Meaning Words Context Clues Phonics Skills English Skills

32. Additional Resources Bringing Words to Life Isabel Beck The Vocabulary-Rich Classroom: Modeling Sophisticated Word Use to Promote Word Consciousness and Vocabulary Growth from The Reading Teacher, 63 (5) Holly Lane and Stephanie Allen Picture It! from The Reading Teacher, 63 (1) Victoria Naughton

33. Contact Information Monica Wilkins [email_address] Elaine McCullough [email_address]