The document outlines reading and writing skills focused on identifying and comparing patterns of development in written texts. It specifies objectives, provides definitions, and examples of various text structures such as narration, description, definition, and cause-effect, indicating how each is organized and developed. Additionally, it includes practice activities and reflective questions for students to engage with the content and understand the significance of these patterns.

1. Reading and
Writing
Skills
Identifying Patterns of Development
Quarter III – Week 1

2. Preliminaries

3. MELC: Compare and contrast patterns of written texts across
disciplines
Objectives:
1. Describe the pattern of development in a written text;
2. Identify types of pattern of development in a written text; and
3. Compare and contrast patterns of written texts across disciplines.

4. Answer the 10-item pre-test on page 1 -2.

5. What is reading?
• is making meaning from print. It requires that we:
• Identify the words in print – a process called word recognition
• Construct an understanding from them – a process called
comprehension
• Coordinate identifying words and making meaning so that
reading is automatic and accurate – an achievement called
fluency
https://www.readingrockets.org/article/what-reading

6. What is writing?
• (1) Writing is a system of graphic symbols that can be used to
convey meaning.
• (2) Writing is the act of composing a text.
https://www.thoughtco.com/writing-definition-1692616

7. Pattern of Development
• also referred to as text structure-how the information
within a written text is organized. This strategy helps
students understand that a text might present a .
• It explains how information or ideas in a written text are
organized and developed.

8. Types of Pattern of
Development

9. Narration
DEFINITION
It tells a story relating an incident or a series of events that leads to a
conclusion or ending.
It answers the question:
✓ What is the story about?
SIGNAL
WORDS/
TRANSITION
after, next, then, eventually, soon, meanwhile, later, during, at the same
time, simultaneously, suddenly, instantly, momentarily,
SAMPLE
I took the multicab, one morning. Suddenly, a vision of the past
reminisced on my mind when I passed the famous Mabel’s Ukay-Ukay
store. His eyes were off to the opposite road. Just then, I heard the
words of goodbyes.

10. Description
DEFINITION
It gives information of what a person, an object, a place, or a situation is
like.It appeals to the reader’s senses.
It answers the question:
✓ What are all the parts of the idea?
SIGNAL
WORDS/
TRANSITION
in particular, like, portray, sensory words (i.e., sight, touch, feeling,
taste, smell),some characteristics, spatial words (e.g., at, above, below,
beside, under, over)
SAMPLE
When Edgar’s feet landed on the crystal white sand of Sabang, he
couldn’t wait for the splashing waves to embrace him. Even more
mesmerized with the amazing rock formation of Subterranean River
National Park.

11. Definition
DEFINITION
It explains what something is in comparison to other members of its
class, along with any limitations.
It answers the question:
✓ How does the term define?
SIGNAL
WORDS/
TRANSITION
is defined as, refers to, means, to define, as defined, to illustrate
SAMPLE
Millennial, also called the millennial generation, or Generation Y, is
the phrase used to generally describe a person who reached adulthood
in the early 21st century and covers the generation of people born
between 1980 and 2000.

12. Exemplification/Classification
DEFINITION
It provides typical cases or examples of something.
It answers the questions:
✓ What examples give emphasis to the topic?
SIGNAL
WORDS/
TRANSITION
for example, a sample of this, for instance, as an example, such as
SAMPLE
Social media applications, such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and
Tiktok, are the means of entertainment of most Filipinos in this time of
pandemic.

13. Comparison-Contrast
DEFINITION
It tells how something is like other things or how something is
different from other things.
It answers the questions:
✓ How are things alike? How are they different?
✓
SIGNAL
WORDS/
TRANSITION
To compare: also, as well as, both, in the same way, in addition, just as,
like, similarly, can be compared
To contrast: although, besides, but, compared with, conversely, differ,
even though, furthermore, however, in contrast to, nevertheless, on the

14. Comparison-Contrast’s sample
Puerto Princesa City tagged as City in A Forest is known for its
advocacy in conserving Mother Nature. Every year, the city celebrates
both Balayong and Tandikan Festivals. The former is a celebration of
the city’s founding day held every 4th of March highlighting Balayong
Tree, a typical tree found around the city. Conversely, the Tandikan
Festival is a month-long celebration every September that highlights
the royal grand and colourful feathers of the peacock, the symbol of the
city. Each celebration gathers both local and foreign tourists.

15. Cause-Effect
DEFINITION
It details why something happens, what causes it, what are the effects
and how it is related to something else.
It answers the questions:
✓ Why something happened?
✓ What is the impact?
SIGNAL
WORDS/
TRANSITION
Showing Cause:
i. because, since, is due to, is caused by, for the simple reason that, in
view of the fact, leads to
Showing Effect:
- as a result, consequently, therefore, for this reason, effect, impact,
outcome

16. Cause-Effect’s sample
Most of the teenagers nowadays are spending lots of hours using their gadgets playing
or scrolling the different applications. Due to this, they skip meals and experience
sleep deprivation.

17. Problem-Solution
DEFINITION
It poses a problem in general which needs a solution to eliminate or
remove troubles or difficulties.
It answers the questions:
✓ What is the issue?
✓ How can it be solved?
SIGNAL
WORDS/
TRANSITION
Showing Problem:
- dilemma, factor, issue, problem, puzzle, question, reason, situation
Showing Solution:
- answer, possibility, proposition, solution, remedy, resolution

18. Problem-Solution’s sample
One of the root causes of growing garbage problem in Puerto Princesa City is the
single-use-plastics. As a remedy, the City Ordinance No. 993 or “Single-Use-Plastic
and Styrofoam Regulation of 2019” is implemented that prohibits the use of plastics in
business establishments.

19. Persuasion
DEFINITION
It describes an issue in which the position or opinion of the writer on
the subject convinces the audience.
It answers the question:
✓ How do the ideas convince the readers?
SIGNAL
WORDS/
TRANSITION
Introductory phrases:
- In my opinion, I believe, It is my belief that, There is no doubt that,
from my point of view, It seems to me that, I (dis) agree with
Concluding phrases:
- For the reasons above, As you can see, In other words, On the whole,
In short, Without a doubt, Obviously

20. Persuasion’s sample
There is no doubt that the Department of Education is facing a challenge to push
teaching and learning process in the outbreak of Corona Virus. To stay healthy yet
learning never stops even amidst the pandemic is the central goal. In depth study of the
implementation of the delivery learning modalities is being done to secure the progress
of the performance of the learners. Certainly, a need for mountain-like sacrifices is
required in fighting this health crisis that is still striking the whole world.

21. Let’s Practice (Page 5)
Activity 1: Read the two passages and answer the following questions.
This morning was crazy. My alarm clock was set for PM instead of AM, so I
woke up really late. I just threw on some clothes and ran out the door. I rode my
bike as fast as I could and thought that I was going to be late for sure, but when
I got there everyone was outside and there were firetrucks all lined up in front of
school. I guess somebody pulled the fire alarm before class started. It worked
out though, because nobody really noticed or minded that I was tardy.
(Source: “Chronological Order,” EReadingWorksheets, accessed August 2, 2020, www.ereadingworksheets.com.)
1. What is the passage about? ___________________________________________
2. How is the information organized on this passage? _________________________

22. Let’s Practice (Page 5)
Activity 1: Read the two passages and answer the following questions.
How to Make Cookies
First, get your materials. Then, make your dough. Lastly, cook your dough at
400 degrees for 10 minutes.
(Source: “Sequence,” EReadingWorksheets, accessed August 2, 2020, www.ereadingworksheets.com.)
1. What is the idea of the text? ______________________________________
2. Based on the passage, in what way does the information was presented?
____________________________________________________________

23. Let’s Practice (Page 5)
Activity 2: Label the pattern of development to its correct question/s by writing the letter on
the blank.

24. Let’s Do More (Page 6)

25. Let’s Do More (Page 6)

26. Let’s Sum it up (Page 6)

27. Answer the 10-item post-test on page 1 -2.

28. Summative questions:
- Choose 1 (any) pattern of development and
write a 150-word essay applying appropriate
signals. Underline/highlight signal/transitional
words used in the text.
Answer the following reflective question/s (min.
of 200 words)
1. As a student, why is it important to know the
importance of patterns of development?

29. Simple reminders!
 Let’s observe time when submitting our activity sheets.
 No messages will be entertained later than 6 pm.
 Always double check the email address before sending and
check your sent items to check if you really have sent the file.
(for online and digital offline)