This document discusses context, intertextuality, and hypertextuality. It defines context as the social, cultural, political, and historical circumstances surrounding a text. Intertextuality refers to when writers reference or incorporate aspects of other literary, media, or social texts into their own writing. Hypertextuality is the arrangement of information in a computer database where objects like text and pictures are linked together. When the user selects a link, they can access related content. The document provides examples of intertextuality, like references to other works in Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings. It also gives examples of hypertextuality in online articles and PowerPoint presentations.

1. Reading and
Writing
Quarter 4 – Week
1
HYPERTEXT AND
INTERTEXT

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01
Context
Context is defined as the social, cultural,
political, historical, and other related
circumstances that surround the text and form
the terms from which it can be better
understood and evaluated. Knowledge of the
text’s context helps in appreciating the text’s
message more deeply.

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02 Questions to ask to understand the context of the
text:
1. When was the work written?
2. What were the circumstances that produced
it?
3. What issues does it deal with?
Two Contexts of Text Development
Intertext
Hypertext

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1. When was the text written? What was the
society like back then?
2. What were the political, social, cultural,
economic, or even religious influences in the
author’s life that are reflected in his writing?

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Intertextuality (Intertext)

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Intertextuality (Intertext)
Writers often reference another literary, media, or
social text in their own writing. They create a link
or connection between their work and other texts.
The relationship formed between the two texts is
called intertextuality.
An example of intertextuality is a writer’s
borrowing and transforming a prior text, and
incorporating an aspect of it in a new text.
Julia Kristeva, a French author, coined the term
intertextuality. In her essay “Word, Dialogue, and
Novel,” published in 1967, she says, “Any text is
constructed as a mosaic of quotations: any text
is the absorption and transformation of
another.”
-For a reader to understand the meaning of a
text, he or she should be able to make sense of
its connection or relationship with the other text.

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When reading a work that uses intertextuality,
you may ask the following questions:
1. Why did the author reference another text in
his or her writing?
2. How is the text incorporated into the author’s
writing? How did the author reimagine it?
3. What effect does the text have on the author’s
writing?
Forms of Intertextuality
The following are two forms of intertextuality:
 The writer references either a brief or
prolonged portion of a literary text in his or
her writing. He or she mentions the title of the
book, uses one of its characters, or recreates
one of its scenes.
 The writer references a media or social text in
his or her writing. He or she mentions film, a
TV show, a song, or any event in society,
history, politics, etc. and becomes part of the
writing.

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JK Rowling’s
"Harry Potter
Series"
Both texts use wise wizards as the protagonist’s
mentor (Gandalf in LOTR and Dumbledore in
Harry Potter);
JRR
Tolkien’s
"Lord of
the Rings
Dumbl
edore
Gandal
f

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Examples of Intertextuality
The Simpsons have done
a similar scene but have
used a music video from
the Beatles.
Godzilla (1998) Godzilla vs Kong (2021)

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The song “Tatsulok” emphasizes the roots of the armed conflict in the country where it is caused by poverty. This
refers to the hierarchy known as the social pyramid, where individuals with higher social status are at the top of it and
the lower portion represents individuals with a lower social status.

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Taylor Swift- ‘Love story’• The lyrics of this song talk about Romeo and Juliette. This video is made to look
like a modernized version of the story, relating more to the lyrics of the song.

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Hypertextuality (Hypertext)
It is an arrangement of information in a computer
database, in which objects like text, pictures, and
programs are linked to one another.
When a user selects an object, he or she can see
the other objects linked to it. In reading an online
article, for instance, the user can click on
highlighted words or phrases (called hypertext
links) to go to new Web pages with related
content.
In a hypertext, pieces of information are connected
semantically.
Hypertexts are very common in online writings. They are a
device in linking a text to another.

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Examples of Hypertextuality

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Examples of Hypertextuality

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Examples of Hypertextuality
using PowerPoint:
Learning Competency with code:
Identify the context in which a text was
developed
a. Hypertext
b. Intertext
CTRL+K
Ready for the
ACTIVITY?

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17. THANK YOU