This document provides an introduction to literary genres for learners. It discusses the key elements of genres, including character, plot, setting and story. Learners are guided through activities to identify genres, develop themes for stories, and write drafts using literary elements. The goal is for learners to understand genres and how to effectively incorporate elements like character and plot to develop themes in their own creative writing.

1. ALTERNATIVE DELIVERY MODE
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Creative Nonfiction
Quarter 1 — Module 1
Introduction to Literary Genres
Department of Education l Republic of the Philippines

2. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
At the end of this module, the learners are expected to:
1. identify the elements of each genre and
2. learn how to use each element in developing themes.
WHAT I KNOW
Test I. Multiple Choice. Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. How do you call a narration that shows something is happening?
A. Story C. Setting
B. Plot D. Character
2. Which writing style is used by an author when writing his or her story?
A. Story C. Literary Genre
B. Fiction D. Nonfiction
3. What do you call the writings or stories created mainly from the author’s
imagination?
A. Fiction C. Setting
B. Nonfiction D. Literary Genre
4. How do you call the writings that are based on facts, existing and not
imaginary?
A. Setting C. Fiction
B. Literary Genre D. Nonfiction
5. What do you call the persons, animals, things or creatures doing the actions
in the story?
A. Story C. Character
B. Settings D. Plot
6. What do you call the narration of actions that took place in a story?
A. Story C. Setting
B. Plot D. Character

3. 7. How do you call the sequence of events that took place in the story?
A. Story C. Setting
B. Plot D. Character
8. How do you call the place and time where the story happened?
A. Story C. Setting
B. Plot D. Character
9. Which type of genre did the author use in writing the story of Harry Potter?
A. Genre C. Nonfiction
B. Narration D. Fiction
10. Which type of genre was used in writing the life story of Jose Rizal?
A. Plot C. Literary Genre
B. Nonfiction D. Fiction

4. Learning Competency: Write a draft of a short piece using any of the literary
conventions of genre following these pointers:
a. Choosing a topic
b. Formulating a thesis statement
c. Organizing and developing ideas
d. Using any literary conventions of a genre
e. Ensuring that theme and technique are
effectively developed HUMSS_CNF11/12-Ib-d-5)
WHAT’S NEW
Activity 1. DO YOU STILL REMEMBER
Try to revisit your childhood memories. Do you still remember your favorite bed
time story? Can you still recall the joy it brought you whenever you’re reading it or
when somebody reads it for you? Why do you think that story captured your heart
completely? Write your reactions on the spaces provided for.
_
WHAT MAKES A GOOD STORY?
WHAT DO I NEED TO DO IN
ORDER TO WRITE A GOOD
STORY?
Lesson
1

5. WHAT IS IT
What is a story? Why do we write stories? These are questions that we
commonly ask ourselves, isn’t it? A story is a narration of how something happened.
It tells us who, what, when, where and how a particular event took place. A story
could be real or imaginary. What makes a good story? What are the elements of
different Genres? These are the things that we will discuss in this lesson.
A Literary Genre is a writing style in making or writing a piece. The genre is a
category used to classify the work of an author. A Literary Genre can either be
Fiction or Nonfiction. When we say Fiction, these are writings or stories created
from the mind or imagination of the author while, Nonfiction are writings that are
factual, realistic and existing. They are not imaginary.
Each Genre has different elements however let us remember that generally a
genre has 4 different elements namely: Character, Story, Plot, and Setting.
1. Character – These are the person, animals, things or creatures doing and
performing the actions in the story.
2. Story – The narration of the actions that took place in the story.
3. Plot – The sequence of events that took place in the story.
4. Setting – The place and time where the story happened.

6. WHAT’S MORE
Activity 2. THINK LIKE A WRITER
Let’s try to explore this time the writer within you by using the concepts in
lesson 2. Imagine that you are going to write your own story. What do you want to
write about? How would you like your story to go? By providing answers to the
questions below, you will be able to create a flow of your own story. Also, the
answers provided in this activity will help you organize and develop your ideas in
writing your story.
1. What topic would you like to write and why?
2. If you have a chosen topic already, give a small detail about what you would like
to happen in the story. Use this as an example:
Topic: My mother
Details: This is a story about my mother and the sacrifices she is willing to
make for her family.
With the example provided above, you will know already how your story will go and
what part of the story you’re going to provide details.
Now it’s your turn! Provide your answers here.
Topic:
Details:

7. Activity 3. TIME TO WRITE DOWN THAT IDEA
Now that you have a chosen a topic and you already knew how your story will
go, why don’t you start to organize and develop your ideas so that you can create a
draft of your very own piece? Apply all that you have learned from lesson 1 up to
lesson 2. Use a separate sheet of paper for this activity.
For the teacher/facilitator: Use this rubric to evaluate the output of Activity 3.
(Rubric may be changed depending on the agreement between the teacher/facilitator
and the learner).
Criteria Rating
The topic is interesting. 5 4 3 2 1
The writer presented his thoughts about
the chosen topic clearly.
5 4 3 2 1
The ideas were developed and
organized properly.
5 4 3 2 1
The writer has used literary conventions
of a genre.
5 4 3 2 1
The theme of the story was developed
effectively
5 4 3 2 1

8. Learning Competency: Peer-edit each other’s draft based on
a. clarity of idea
b. appropriate choice of literary element
c. appropriate use of the element
d. effective combination of the idea and the chosen
literary element (HUMSS_CNF11/12-Ib-d-6)
Revise the draft of a short piece using any of the literary
conventions of a genre (e.g. plot for narrative piece)
(HUMSS_CNF11/12-Ib-d-7)
WHAT’S IN
Let's recall from our previous lessons that a story is a narration of how
something happened. It tells us who, what, when, where and how a particular
event took place. The way you write your story is what you call Literary Genre.
A Literary Genre can either be a Fiction or Nonfiction. When a story was
made based on the writer's imagination, then that is Fiction but if the writing is
based on facts, it is real or referred to as true events, then its Nonfiction
Remember also that each Genre has different elements. However, generally
a, genre has 4 different elements such as Character, Story, Plot and Setting.
Characters are the person, animals, things or creatures doing and performing
the actions in the story and the Story is the narration of the actions that took place in
the story itself. Plot is the sequence of events that took place in the story and
setting is the place and time where the story happened.
FINDING THE THEME
Lesson
2

9. WHAT’S NEW
Activity 1. REMEMBER ME THIS WAY
Do you still remember the last book that you’ve read? What was the story all
about? Most importantly, what lessons did you learn from that book? Please write
down your answers on the space provided.
WHAT IS IT
In writing or developing a story, you are writing not just because you need to
write something. You have to use the different elements of the story such as: Plot,
Character, Story and Settings in order for you to create a theme. How you combine
or use these elements in writing your story, will serve as the technique in developing
your theme.

10. What is a Theme?
A Theme of a story is a message that the writer is trying to tell the readers. It
is the idea, belief, moral lesson or insights that a reader can find while reading the
story. It is also the main message that the author or writer is trying to make the
reader understand. The theme most of the time answers the WHY’s of the story. A
story can have a single or multiple themes depending upon the author.
Source: https://www.cliffsnotes.com/cliffsnotes/subjects/writing/what-exactly-is-a-theme-of-a-
story-and-how-can-i-recognize-it
How can we use the elements of the different genres in developing or making
a theme?
When writing or making a story, the authors use their imagination. They will
look at the things around them and from there they start to write the story depending
upon the situation they have seen. They use these situations as the basis in creating
something that would allow them to express their views, ideas or opinions creatively.
They will incorporate these ideas into their writings putting it as an important part of
the story such as the plot, character or settings. The writers will then be able to
connect with their reader by making them understand the theme that they are trying
to say.
The following are the commonly used themes in writing:
1. Love 5. Survival
2. Death 6. Power and Corruption
3. Good vs. Evil 7. War
4. Courage and Heroism
How to develop a theme? What do we need to do? Remember, in developing a
theme, it is important to choose first a topic. A topic can be anything that you would
like to talk about. It can be about love, success, failures, etc. From the chosen topic,
you can then create or develop your theme. Please use the example below as your
guide.

11. Chosen Topic: Love
Theme: Love is the most powerful force in the universe. It can either make
you or break you and most of all, it can bring the best or worst in you.
WHAT’S MORE
Activity 2. HELP ME FIND ME MY THEME
1. Now that you know what a theme is and how you can create one, why don’t
you put into application all that you have learned in this activity. Create a
theme from a particular topic following the example provided to you earlier.
CHOSEN TOPIC:
THEME:
_
2. Make a draft of your own story using the topic and theme that you had
created. Apply all that you had learned in this lesson and submit it to your
teacher the next meeting.

12. For the teacher/facilitator: Use this rubric to evaluate the output of Activity 2.
(Rubric may be changed depending on the agreement between the teacher/facilitator
and the learner).
Rubric for theme making
Criteria Rating
1. Clarity of idea 5 4 3 2 1
2. Appropriate choice of literary element 5 4 3 2 1
3. Appropriate use of element 5 4 3 2 1
4. Effective combination of the idea and
the chosen literary element
5 4 3 2 1

13. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED
 We write not just because we want to write. We write with a purpose.
 A story is a narration of how something happened. It can either be real or
imaginary
 Literary Genre is a writing style in making ones piece.
 Literary Genre can either be a fiction or nonfiction.
 Fiction is a story or writing created from the mind or imagination of the author.
 Nonfiction is a story or writing that is factual, real and existing.
 Characters are the person, animals, things or creatures doing and performing
the actions of the story.
 Story is the narration of actions that took place in the story.
 Setting is the place and time where the story happened.
 Theme or Theme of the story is the message that the writer is trying to tell the
readers. It contains the belief, moral lesson or insights that a reader can find
while reading the story.
 How you combine or use these elements in writing your story, will serve as
the technique in developing your theme.

14. WHAT I CAN DO
REFLECTION: Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
If you are to write a story for the whole world to read, what would it be and
why? Please elaborate your answer by explaining completely the topic and the
theme and remember, your theme contains the message, the idea, belief, moral
lesson and insights that you wish to give the reader. Good luck!
ASSESSMENT
Test I. Multiple Choice. Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which type of genre was used in writing the life story of Jose Rizal?
A. Plot C. Literary Genre
B. Nonfiction D. Fiction
2. What do you call the writing style used by the author when writing his or her
story?
A. Story C. Literary Genre
B. Fiction D. Nonfiction
3. How do you call the persons, animals, things or creatures doing the actions in
the story?
A. Story C. Character
B. Settings D. Plot
4. What do you call the writings or stories created mainly from the author’s
imagination?
A. Fiction C. Setting
B. Nonfiction D. Literary Genre
5. How do you call the narration of how something happen.
A. Story C. Setting
B. Plot D. Character
6. What do you call the writings that are based on facts, existing and not
imaginary?
A. Setting C. Fiction

15. B. Literary Genre D. Nonfiction
7. How do you call the narration of actions that took place in a story?
A. Story C. Setting
B. Plot D. Character
8. Which type of genre did the author use in writing the story of Harry Potter?
A. Genre C. Nonfiction
B. Narration D. Fiction
9. How do you call the place and time where the story happened?
A. Story C. Setting
B. Plot D. Character
10. What do you call the sequence of events that took place in the story?
A. Story C. Setting
B. Plot D. Character