- Emerald (Tarkshya) is a green gemstone that is used in Ayurvedic medicine. It has cooling and soothing properties and is believed to benefit the eyes, heart, liver, immune system, and respiratory health. - Emeralds are purified through processes like swedana and then processed into forms like pishti and bhasma to increase their medicinal properties and bioavailability. Preparations like tarkshya bhasma are used to treat fever, poisoning, weakness, and swelling and are also considered aphrodisiac. - The major emerald mines are located in Colombia, Zambia, Egypt, India, and Austria. Proper dosages of

1. Department of Rasa shashtra and
Bhaishajya kalapana
• Topic - Tarkshya

2. Tarkshya
(Emerald)

3. • Sanskrit - मरकत , तार्क्ष्य
• Vernacular name- पन्ना , पाचू
• English name - Emerald

4. Synonyms
• गारुत्मतं मरकतं ताक्ष्यं गारुडसंज्ञकम्। बुधरत्नं
रौहिणेयं िखिलच तन्मतम् ॥ (R.T. 23/104)
• Garutmata, marakata , garuda mani , budha ratna ,
gouhineya and haridratna .

5. Occurence

6. Physical properties
• Specific gravity - 2.7
• Hardness - 7.5 to 8
• Refractive index - 1.57
• Density = 2.71
• Color = green
• Chemical compostion = 3Be3Al2(sio3)6

7. Qualities
• ज्वरच्छर्दयर्िषश्वाससर्न्नपातार्िमान्द्यनुत ।
दुनायमपाण्डुशोफघ्नं तार्क्ष्यमोजोर्ििर्यनम ॥ (र.र.स. ४/२२)
It is useful in treatment of fever,
vomiting,poison,dyspnea,low digestion
strength,hemorhoids,anemia ,swelling .
It increases ojas .

8. History
We find the references of gemstones in indian history .
Tarkshya has lured people of all centuries . We find the
references of emerald in
"shrimadbhagavata" the stories of mahabharata and in
the Brhat samhita .
From the period of samhita the therapeutic use of
emerald was thought about . Later with development
of rasashastra the purification, incineration pishti
ppreparation and the therapeutic utility of all
gemstones was in practice.

9. Properties of emerald that are
useful for medicine..
• Healing and Soothing Properties:
In ancient times, emeralds were used to treat ailments
related to the eyes, heart, liver, and immune system. The
stone was believed to have a calming effect on the mind,
reducing stress and anxiety.
• Respiratory Health:
It is believed to help alleviate respiratory conditions such as
asthma, allergies, and bronchitis. The stone is said to have a
positive influence on the respiratory system, promoting
clear and healthy breathing.

10. • Enhancing Immune System
It is believed to strengthen the immune system,
helping the body fight against diseases and
infections. By promoting overall health and well-
being, emeralds may contribute to a stronger
immune response and faster recovery from illnesses.
• Emotional healing
It is believed to help individuals overcome emotional
trauma ,grief , heartbreak.

11. Conclusion
• Emerald possesses several properties that make it
intriguing for medicinal use.
• From its healing and soothing properties to
potential benefits for respiratory health,
detoxification, immune system enhancement, and
emotional healing, the emerald has captured the
attention of those exploring alternative approaches
to healthcare.

12. Tarshya Types
• Depending on colours in which the gemstones
comes , it can be divided into 3 varieties.
• Green emerald (best variety )
• Blue emerald ( medium variety)
• White emerald ( common variety)

13. Tarkshya grahya swarupa
सच्छायं मतॄणं स्वच्छं गुरु हिग्धञ्च कोमलम्
अव्यङ्गञ्च िररद्वणं जात्यं मरकतं मतम् ।।
Tarkshya which is radiant , lustrous, crystal clear ,
heavy , soft and smooth to touch , even and
beautiful bodied and yellowish coloured such a
sample of tarkshya is considered fit and is selected
for the pharmaceutical purpose.

14. Tarkshya agrahya swarupa
रूक्षन्तु हिगतच्छायं हिक्र
े ता िरं लघु । सन्त्रासं
चाहतमहलनं िेयं मरकतं मतम् ।।(R.T 23/100)
Tarkshya which is dry bodied, non radiant , uneven
bodied , rough surfaced , light weighted , which has
different colours and which is unclean from within .
Such sample of tarkshya is considered unfit and is
rejected for the pharmaceutical purposes.

15. Test for Genuineness
• https://youtu.be/-
Xdr_W6FL44?si=B6NY3yZvj00m5_Yu

16. Tarkshya shodhana
• सुरभीपयसा यामं दोलायन्ते हिधानतः । हिपाहथित
मरकतं हिशुद्ध्यहत सुहनहितम्।( R.T 23/107)
Shodhana dravya = Godugdha
Shodhana vidhi = swedana in dolayantra ( 1 yama )

17. Tarkshya samanya Marana
लक
ु चद्रािसंहपष्टी हशक्षागन्धकतालकः । िज्रं
हिनाडत्विाहन हियन्तेऽष्टपुट िलु ॥ (R.RS 4/66)
Marana dravya = lakuya rasa
Marana vidhi = gajaputa ( 8 times )

18. Tarkshya vishesha marana
• माहणक्यमारणेहिष्टहिहधया महनपत्नतः । अष्टधा पुहटतं
तादथं खियनेडन न संशयः ।।(R.T 23/108)
Marana dravya= nimbu rasa
Marana vidhi = gajaputa

19. Tarkshya Pishti
• Shuddha tarkshya is taken in clean khalvayantra
and triturated to obtain it in fine powder form.
• It is added with desired quantity of gulaba jala and
triturated thoroughly for 3 days to obtain very fine
powder or greenish white colour with rose
fragrance.
• It is later stored in suitable airtight container
tarkshya pishti.

20. Tarkshya Bhasma properties
• मृतं मरकत बल्यं हिषिनं िहिदीपनम् ओनोहििधिन िृष्यं
पाणुशोफहनषूदनम् ।। श्रामच्छहदि प्रशमनं
गुप्जामयनाशनम्। समादयात हिशेषेण सहिपातहनबििणम
( R.T 23/109-110)
• Properly prepared tarkshya bhasma when used
judiciously for internal administered, provides physical
strength, nullifies the effect of poison within the body,
improves the appetite and enhances the oja.
• It is aphrodisiac and in is indicated in pandu roga,
sopha, wase, chardi, diseases of onal region and in
sannipataja juara.

21. Tarkshya Bhasma Dosage
• आरभ्य गुनापादांशाद गुजकप्रहमतं परम्। मृतं मरकतं
युञ्जात
बलकालाद्यपेक्षया ।( R.T 23/111)
Quarter ratti to one ratti (31 to 125 mgs) is the
general dose of tarkshya bhasma.
However the dosage has to be finalized after
thorough consideration of all the relevant factors
that affect the dosage.

22. Tarkshya bhasma compound
formulation
1. Navaratnarajamrganka rasa
2. Mani parpati
3. Javaharmohara vati
4. Ratnabhagottara rasa

23. Important Mines of Tarkshya
• Emeralds in antiquity were mined in Ancient Egypt at
locations on Mount Smaragdus since 1500 BC, and India
and Austria since at least the 14th century AD.
• Colombia is by far the world's largest producer of
emeralds, constituting 50–95% of the world production,
with the number depending on the year, source and
grade.
• Zambia is the world's second biggest producer, with its
Kafubu River area deposits (Kagem Mines) about 45 km
(28 mi) southwest of Kitwe responsible for 20% of the
world's production of gem-quality stones in 2004.

24. Dosage
• ¼ - 1 ratti (31.25 mg to 125 mg ) in divided
doses per day

25. List of books referred
• Textbook of Rasasastra= by Dr Ravindra Angadi
• Internet source

26. Thank you