Freud argues that personality develops in three parts - the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking instant gratification of needs. The superego incorporates social and moral standards learned from parents and society. The ego acts as a mediator between the id and superego, satisfying needs in a way that considers reality and social norms. Freud believes these three parts are often in conflict as the id's desires do not always align with the superego's rules.

2. believe that
personality traits,
mannerisms,
peculiar behaviours
are the result of
your genes or DNA
having a more
prominent role
believe that
personality
traits, mannerisms,
peculiar behaviours
are the result of
your environment
having a more
prominent role

4. But how does he prove that the
nurture theory of personality is
more convincing than the nature
theory of personality?

7. For Freud when we are born -
•we do not have a personality the way an adult
has a personality.
• all we have is only the first or primary part of
personality. It is a very basic or simple part of
personality.
• this part of personality is the same for everyone.
•He calls this part the “id”

8. Hunger
Power
Thirst
Anger
Immediate
satisfaction
Immediate
release of
tension
Joy

10. THE PLEASURE PRINCIPLE
-There is an urge or an impulse – a desire for
something
-The “something” is what will give it pleasure.
-The “not having the something” gives it tension.
-The id always wants to increase its pleasure and
decrease its tension

11. •It seeks INSTANT GRATIFICATION – that means getting what it
wants or satisfying what it wants immediately
•it doesn’t consider anything else except what it wants
•it will want to gratify it at that time, with no consideration
for the other circumstances of the situation.
•it always tries to relieve its tension and increase its pleasure.

12. How do we know the id is really there as the first part of our personality?
We can catch a glipmse of it when children have temper tantrums!

13. If this
baby is
hungry
what
does it
do?
It wants to decrease the tension of being hungry
and increase the pleasure of being fed. Feeding
the baby makes the baby experience pleasure.
The baby’s personality right now only has the id
part – so it will only seek to gratify its desire for
pleasure.

14. Also known as the death drive or
the destructive drive.
•this is the drive that makes us feel
like we want to destroy, hurt, kill
or die. It is the part that makes us
want to self-destruct as well.
•it is the part of the id that gets
gratification from increasing the
pleasure we get from destruction
and decreasing the tension we get
from not destroying.
•When you are angry you might
want to kick something or hit
something. You get pleasure from
“taking out your anger” on
something
Also known as the life
instinct or libido.
•This is the drive that
makes us want to survive.
It is the part that makes us
want to ensure that our
species and families survive.
•It is the part that gives us
the desire for sex,
•It is the part that makes us
want to create, and be
creative
When you are hungry you
might want to make a
delicious sandwich. You get
pleasure from creating and
eating something

17. The doesn’t care about
time, place, who it is with
or what is appropriate. It
just basically DEMANDS
that its desires are
gratified. It works
according to the Pleasure
Principle and is made up

18. What happens if our personality is left at
the idpart
– what would life for us be like?
Probably a little like this:

19. •As we start to grow from babies to toddlers to
young children, we start to notice the world
around us, how things work, what things are
socially acceptable and what is appropriate
conduct in terms of our social construct or
upbringing. In other words we start to develop
our value system.
•We start to have an idea of what is right and
what is wrong. We start to understand moral
values.
•We start to form opinions of what we believe
in like religion, codes of conduct, how we treat
animals and our environment.
•We start to understand and know what is
socially appropriate and what is not.
All these ideas and opinions are shaped by our
parents, our communities and our peers.
These ideas are internalised and come together
to form what Freud calls the SUPEREGO

20. is our conscience
•It is our internal “father-
figure” that scolds us and
makes feel guilty when we
do something that goes
against our ideas of right
and wrong.
•It is the part of personality that
makes us feel great, achieved
and successful when we do
things that socially commendable

21. &
the
are always in a
kind of fight with
each other!
Why do you
think this would
be so?