7. Policy makers find it difficult to use scientific
evidence because of the 5 Ss:
5Ss phenomenon
Does Evidence Matter Meeting
Series, ODI, London 2004
• Speed
• Superficiality
• Spin
• Secrecy
• Scientific Ignorance
Five Ss
10. Political context – politics, policy
process, institutional pressures, etc.
Evidence – credibility of the
evidence, packaging, etc
External Influences
Socio-economic and
cultural influences,
donor policies etc
Links – intermediaries,
networks, relationships, etc.
Understand
the factors
affecting
use
11. Informing:
disseminating
content
Linking:
linking
expertise to
need for an
issue
Matchmaking:
matching
expertise to
need across
issues or
disciplines
Engaging:
formalising
the exchange
of knowledge
Collaborating:
deepening and
lengthening the
knowledge
collaboration
process
Building adaptive
capacity: co-
producing
knowledge,
fostering social
learning &
innovation
Source: Jones H, N Jones, L Shaxson & D Walker (2013) Knowledge, policy and power in
international development: a practical guide. Bristol: The Policy Press
Increasing intensity of relationship between knowledge producer and knowledge user
Choose
appropriate
knowledge
strategies
12. Source: Peter Ballantyne (ILRI)
Don’t leave
it to the end!
Build CAPACITYfor use
MONITORand documentprocesses,outputs,learning,
context etc.
NETWORKING and engagementwithstakeholders and research
users
13. Know what
you are
looking for
Source: Hearn, 2014: roma.odi.org.uk (from
Keck and Sikkink, 1998 and Steven, 2007)
Interest or attitude
of policy actors
Public opinion
Relationships
between actors
Capacity of actors
to engage
Discourse of policy
actors
Policy making
processes /
procedures
Policy content –
legislation,
budgets,
mandates
Behaviour of
policy actors to
support
implementation
Networks and
systems for
implementation
16. Focus more on policy than research
Change incentives / culture
Change business model / systems
Spend more on communications
Engage with different actors
Produce different products
Be ready to seize unexpected policy opportunities and
move very fast
May require
organisational
change