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The	
  2011	
  earthquake	
  off	
  the	
  Pacific	
  coast	
  of	
  Tōhoku	
  (東北地方太平洋沖地震	
  
Tōhoku-­‐chihō	
  Taiheiyō	
  Oki	
  Jishin?)	
  was	
  a	
  magnitude	
  9.0	
  (Mw)	
  undersea	
  megathrust	
  
earthquake	
  off	
  the	
  coast	
  of	
  Japan	
  that	
  occurred	
  at	
  14:46	
  JST	
  (05:46	
  UTC)	
  on	
  Friday	
  
11	
  March	
  2011,[2][3][8]	
  with	
  the	
  epicentre	
  approximately	
  70	
  kilometres	
  (43	
  mi)	
  
east	
  of	
  the	
  Oshika	
  Peninsula	
  of	
  Tōhoku	
  and	
  the	
  hypocenter	
  at	
  an	
  underwater	
  depth	
  
of	
  approximately	
  30	
  km	
  (19	
  mi).[2][9]	
  The	
  earthquake	
  is	
  also	
  often	
  referred	
  to	
  in	
  
Japan	
  as	
  the	
  Great	
  East	
  Japan	
  Earthquake	
  (東日本大震災	
  Higashi	
  nihon	
  
daishinsai?)[10][11][12][fn	
  1]	
  and	
  also	
  known	
  as	
  the	
  2011	
  Tohoku	
  earthquake,[13]	
  
and	
  the	
  3.11	
  Earthquake.	
  It	
  was	
  the	
  most	
  powerful	
  earthquake	
  ever	
  recorded	
  to	
  
have	
  hit	
  Japan,	
  and	
  the	
  fourth	
  most	
  powerful	
  earthquake	
  in	
  the	
  world	
  since	
  modern	
  
record-­‐keeping	
  began	
  in	
  1900.[8][14][15]	
  The	
  earthquake	
  triggered	
  powerful	
  
tsunami	
  waves	
  that	
  reached	
  heights	
  of	
  up	
  to	
  40.5	
  metres	
  (133	
  ft)	
  in	
  Miyako	
  in	
  
Tōhoku's	
  Iwate	
  Prefecture,[16][17]	
  and	
  which,	
  in	
  the	
  Sendai	
  area,	
  travelled	
  up	
  to	
  10	
  
km	
  (6	
  mi)	
  inland.[18]	
  The	
  earthquake	
  moved	
  Honshu	
  (the	
  main	
  island	
  of	
  Japan)	
  2.4	
  
m	
  (8	
  ft)	
  east	
  and	
  shifted	
  the	
  Earth	
  on	
  its	
  axis	
  by	
  estimates	
  of	
  between	
  10	
  cm	
  (4	
  in)	
  
and	
  25	
  cm	
  (10	
  in),[19][20][21]	
  and	
  generated	
  sound	
  waves	
  detected	
  by	
  the	
  low-­‐
orbiting	
  GOCE	
  satellite.[22]	
  

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  • 1. The  2011  earthquake  off  the  Pacific  coast  of  Tōhoku  (東北地方太平洋沖地震   Tōhoku-­‐chihō  Taiheiyō  Oki  Jishin?)  was  a  magnitude  9.0  (Mw)  undersea  megathrust   earthquake  off  the  coast  of  Japan  that  occurred  at  14:46  JST  (05:46  UTC)  on  Friday   11  March  2011,[2][3][8]  with  the  epicentre  approximately  70  kilometres  (43  mi)   east  of  the  Oshika  Peninsula  of  Tōhoku  and  the  hypocenter  at  an  underwater  depth   of  approximately  30  km  (19  mi).[2][9]  The  earthquake  is  also  often  referred  to  in   Japan  as  the  Great  East  Japan  Earthquake  (東日本大震災  Higashi  nihon   daishinsai?)[10][11][12][fn  1]  and  also  known  as  the  2011  Tohoku  earthquake,[13]   and  the  3.11  Earthquake.  It  was  the  most  powerful  earthquake  ever  recorded  to   have  hit  Japan,  and  the  fourth  most  powerful  earthquake  in  the  world  since  modern   record-­‐keeping  began  in  1900.[8][14][15]  The  earthquake  triggered  powerful   tsunami  waves  that  reached  heights  of  up  to  40.5  metres  (133  ft)  in  Miyako  in   Tōhoku's  Iwate  Prefecture,[16][17]  and  which,  in  the  Sendai  area,  travelled  up  to  10   km  (6  mi)  inland.[18]  The  earthquake  moved  Honshu  (the  main  island  of  Japan)  2.4   m  (8  ft)  east  and  shifted  the  Earth  on  its  axis  by  estimates  of  between  10  cm  (4  in)   and  25  cm  (10  in),[19][20][21]  and  generated  sound  waves  detected  by  the  low-­‐ orbiting  GOCE  satellite.[22]