Ram Setu
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The document discusses the importance of protecting Rama Setu (Adam's Bridge) for sustainable development in India. It notes that Rama Setu acts as a natural sieve concentrating heavy minerals like thorium along the coasts of India. Thorium is important for India's nuclear power program. Damage or destruction of Rama Setu could impact thorium deposits and disrupt ocean currents, affecting resources and increasing tsunami risk. The document provides geological, archaeological and satellite evidence that Rama Setu is an ancient structure and should be preserved as a national monument.
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![Protect Rama Setu: for sustainable development Valmiki ramayana, Sarga 21, Yuddhakandam Describes Rama’s victory over the ocean; he releases the arrow which makes a volcano erupt, resulting in a tsunami. This episode is validated by the heatflow and geotectonic maps of Bharatam in the Rama Setu region. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ramasetu1dec2007-1209397013888049-8/85/Ram-Setu-1-320.jpg)
![Thorium/titanium placer deposits due to churning action of ocean currents, with Rama Setu acting like a sieve or cyclotron ,[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Ramasetu4sept2007
The document summarizes various perspectives on the geopolitical, scientific, and historical significance of Rama Setu (Adam's Bridge) between India and Sri Lanka. It discusses evidence from fields like oceanography, geology, archaeology, and literature that indicate Rama Setu is an ancient structure and was likely a land bridge. It also notes the importance of Rama Setu in protecting coastal areas from tsunamis and its association with heavy mineral deposits important for India's energy needs and security.
Ramasetu28sept2007
The document provides perspectives on the geopolitical, scientific, and historical significance of Rama Setu (Adam's Bridge) based on archaeological, cartographic, and literary evidence. It discusses how Rama Setu acted as a natural sieve enriching nearby beaches with heavy minerals. Destroying Rama Setu could impact India's thorium reserves and disrupt ocean currents. The document also notes potential risks of increased seismic activity or tsunamis if another canal route is constructed and calls for protective measures.
Ramasetu20 July2007
The document discusses various perspectives on Rama Setu including:
1. Scientific perspectives show that Rama Setu likely protected the coastline from the 2004 tsunami and contains heat zones and thorium deposits.
2. Archaeological evidence and descriptions in ancient texts indicate that Rama Setu was likely an ancient bridge between India and Sri Lanka used by humans as early as 8,000-9,000 years ago.
3. Dredging the canal route could damage the fragile coral islands and reactivate underground heat zones, and an alternative route should be considered to avoid environmental damage.
Ramasetu24june2007
The document discusses evidence that Rama Setu is an ancient monument of historical and archaeological importance located between India and Sri Lanka. It provides geological, archaeological, and satellite evidence from sources like NASA and ISRO showing that Rama Setu is a limestone bridge structure and should be protected as a heritage site rather than damaged by the Sethu Samudram canal project.
Pressmeet17april2007
The document discusses the proposed Sethusamudram shipping canal project and its potential impacts:
1. Removing the Rama Setu land bridge could undermine India's sovereignty and damage coastal areas by removing natural tsunami protection.
2. There is archaeological and scientific evidence that the Rama Setu is an ancient land bridge mentioned in historical texts and NASA satellite images.
3. The project was undertaken without adequate study of its environmental and social impacts on livelihoods of coastal communities from fishing and potential damage to cultural heritage.
Rama Setu
1) The document discusses the proposed Sethusamudram shipping canal project and provides evidence against cutting through the Ramar Sethu (Adam's Bridge) due to risks to coastal livelihoods, national sovereignty, and tsunami protection.
2) It cites several historical sources like ancient texts, maps, and reports that refer to Ramar Sethu as a land bridge connecting India and Sri Lanka. Geological and archaeological studies also provide evidence the structure was used as a land passage.
3) The document argues the project was fast-tracked without adequate study of impacts and ignores safer alternative routes recommended by previous committees. Cutting through Ramar Sethu risks damaging the environment and livelihoods while undermining India's sovereignty
Ramasetu22may2007
The document discusses the proposed Sethusamudram shipping channel project and provides arguments against cutting a channel through the Ram Sethu (Adam's Bridge). It summarizes evidence from historical maps, texts, and NASA images that indicate the existence of a land bridge. It also notes that dredging could destroy coral islands and recommends alternative alignments for a canal with locks like the Panama Canal.
Ramasetu22may2007
The document discusses various aspects of the proposed Sethusamudram shipping canal project in India, including its potential impacts on national sovereignty, coastal livelihoods, and archaeological evidence of the Rama Setu land bridge. Specifically, it notes that dredging the canal could damage the proven tsunami protector of Rama Setu and negatively impact coastal communities through restrictions on fishing waters. It also provides archaeological and textual evidence supporting the existence of Rama Setu.
Countertocounterannexes2
1. The document discusses NASA and ISRO images and observations of Rama Setu (Adam's Bridge) between India and Sri Lanka over several decades.
2. NASA images from 1993 and earlier refer to Rama Setu as a land bridge or tombolo formation, while more recent ISRO images also clearly show Rama Setu.
3. A copper plate inscription from around 900 CE by the Chola king Parantaka refers to Rama Setu by name, using the Tamil word "Setu".
Govt. counter and points to refute false claims
The document discusses evidence that the Rama Setu structure between India and Sri Lanka is man-made and should be protected under relevant laws. It notes that studies by organizations like NASA, the Geological Survey of India, and ISRO provide scientific evidence that Rama Setu is not a natural formation and was likely constructed thousands of years ago. However, the respondents of the case have not conducted a thorough investigation and are moving forward with destructive dredging projects without determining if Rama Setu deserves legal protection as an ancient monument.
Geologytectonicsvkrao
The document discusses the Sethusamudram shipping canal project in India. It mentions that Tuticorin Port Trust was appointed as the nodal agency for the project in 1997. An initial environmental examination was conducted that found the project would have negligible environmental impact. However, some researchers have since raised concerns about potential impacts like increased soil erosion and tsunamis affecting the southern India coastline. The document also discusses issues around the project's environmental impact assessment and gaps in studying topics like sedimentation patterns and subsurface geology.
Ramasetu
Rama Setu: 315 page e-book
The book presents multiple facets of the Setu Samudram Channel Project and evidences for Rama Setu as a monument of international importance.
Ramasetu
The e-book presents multiple facets of the Setu Samudram Channel Project and evidences for Rama Setu as a monument of international importance.
Annexures
1) The Centre has offered to provide rock and soil samples from the Adam's Bridge region of the controversial Sethusamdram project for independent scientific testing to evaluate concerns about the project's impact.
2) The Minister of Earth Sciences said the present alignment of the Sethusamudram project was arrived at after detailed scientific and environmental tests, and represents the best option.
3) However, prominent tsunami expert Professor Tad S. Murty has criticized the project's alignment, saying it could funnel tsunami energy and damage South Kerala coasts during future tsunamis by acting as a conduit. He believes the eastern entrance should be re-oriented northwest.
Ramasetu1dec2007
The document discusses the importance of protecting Rama Setu for sustainable development. It notes that the Valmiki Ramayana describes Rama causing an eruption and tsunami when defeating the ocean, and this is validated by heatflow and geotectonic maps of the region. It discusses the presence of thorium and other mineral deposits in the region that are important for India's nuclear power, and how these could be damaged if Rama Setu is damaged. It provides geological, archaeological and other evidence that Rama Setu is an ancient structure and should be preserved as a national monument.
Tectonics and history of the Andaman Sea region Joseph R. Curray* Scripps Ins...
The document summarizes the tectonics and geological history of the Andaman Sea region. It discusses how the Andaman Sea formed as an active backarc basin due to highly oblique convergence between the Australian and Southeast Asian tectonic plates. As the Indian plate collided with Asia, it caused clockwise rotation of the subduction zone and increased obliquity, leading to transtension and the rhombochasm-like opening of the Andaman Sea basins during the Neogene period from oblique backarc extension and strike-slip motion. Early explorations of the region in the late 19th/early 20th centuries helped establish the initial understanding of the area's geology and oceanography.
Pressnote23aug
The document discusses the potential environmental and geological impacts of damaging Rama Setu (Adam's Bridge) during the Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project. It notes that the zone is geologically and thermally active, and disturbing it could trigger earthquakes, subsidence, and damage coastal areas and marine life. Scientists are quoted as saying that disturbing fault zones and high heat flow regions could have serious effects. The document advocates for more study and protecting Rama Setu as an ancient monument and pilgrimage site of importance to many Hindus.
Projectdisaster
The proposed Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project in India is unlikely to be economically viable or environmentally sustainable according to experts. The project aims to cut travel time for ships by dredging a canal through the Gulf of Mannar, but it would require large investments that are unlikely to be recouped given the small time savings. It could also increase risks of tsunamis and hurt the livelihoods of local fishermen. While supporters argue it may boost an Indian port, many experts believe ships will continue to prefer other routes and the project will not generate enough traffic or profits to justify its huge costs. It is also unclear whether the project would meaningfully reinforce India's territorial claims in the region as some have suggested.
1538
The document summarizes the discovery of an Acheulian cave site at Susrondi in Maharashtra, India. Fieldwork uncovered stone tools and evidence of early human occupation in the Late Pleistocene period. Analysis showed the cave was occupied during the early Late Acheulian stage, making it a rare coastal site of its kind along India's long coastline or Deccan plateau. The discovery provides new insights into the Acheulian tradition and human habitation patterns in the region during the Pleistocene.
2006_Effect_EQSpectra.pdf
The document summarizes the effects of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on mainland India. It describes how over 8,800 lives were lost and extensive damage occurred to housing and infrastructure along the coasts. Key areas affected included the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh. In Kerala, the districts of Ernakulam, Allapuzha, and Kollam experienced significant damage due to wave diffraction around Sri Lanka. Tamil Nadu's east coast saw the highest waves and loss of life, particularly in Nagapattinam district. Andhra Pradesh suffered less damage and fewer casualties overall. Geographic and topological factors influenced the tsunami impacts in different locations.
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Ram Setu
- 3. Heavy mineral rich Inayam Teri Sand Deposit, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu
- 5. Heavy mineral beach placers (ilmenite, rutile, garnet and monazite) Kolachel to Kanniyakumari on 75 km. Vattakottai and Lipuram to Manavalakurichi: 5 to 6 km. With a width of 3 to 5 m from the mouth of Valliyur River. (Data base, GSI)
- 9. Kodiyakkara i Talaimannar Pamban Tirutturaipoondibeach (6000 years) Manamelgudi shoreline (6000 years) Devipattinam Ramanathapuram Uchchipuli Thondi
- 10. A volcanic canyon west of Rama Setu, 1 m to 3000 m slope Location map. Inset: bathymetry map of the Gulf of Mannar (reproduced from Murty et al., 1994) http://www.Setusamudram.in/htmdocs/Articles/cp_rajendran_2.htm
- 12. Rama’s hotspot Heatflow in Rama Setu 100 to 180 milliwatt per sq. m. comparable to Himalayan hotsprings Will dredging in the area activate these heat zones?.
- 15. Mannar Volcanics 100 m. old: Rama Setu an ancient submarine canyon collapse
- 19. Tsunami effect: 2,60,000 lives lost Destruction of Aceh island, damage in beaches north of Chennai and Nagapattinam Sea-bed has risen by about 200 m. in some regions 2/3 of the aquatic life and corals devastated in the Biosphere Reserve/Marine National Parks
- 20. Seismic activity Indian plate dynamically moves northwards @6 cm. per year resulting in plate tectonics (e.g Bhuj earthquake, Aceh quake). The Indian Ocean in this region is riddled with earthquake fault-lines
- 21. Tsuanmi of Dec. 26, 2004 Result of plate tectonics in Sunda plate
- 22. Build tsunami protection walls as part of any canal project: example, tsunami wall in Japan
- 26. Malabar Bowen map (1747) drawn by Netherlands shows Ramarcoil I (that is, Rama temple).
- 29. Setu, Setubandha Rameswaram Hampi inscription of Krishnadevaraya Saka 1430 (1508 CE) in Epigraphica Indica refers to Rama Setu
- 30. Religious and cultural sites, 8th-12th centuries http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =071 Schwartzberg Atlas , p. 34.
- 31. Islamic expansion and changing Western views of South Asia, 7th-12th centuries (Al-Biruni’s record) http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =070 Schwartzberg Atlas , v. , p. 33.
- 32. Puranic India (Bharata) http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object =064 Schwartzberg Atlas , v. , p. 27.
- 37. Evidence from Sangam literature 1.kadunter iraaman udanpun.ar seetaiyaivalittakai arakkan vavviya jnaanr-ainilamcer madaran.i kan.d.a kurangincemmukap perunkil.ai izhaippolindaa anguaar-aa a varunakai yinidu per-r-ikume ( Pur-anaanoor-u paadal 378 ) When Arakkan Ravana abducted Sita who came with Rama, the ornaments removed from her body and thrown by her to the ground, the monkey families adorned themselves erratically with these ornaments. People enjoyed seeing this sight. 2.venve_r- kavuniyar tonmudu ko_d.imuzhangirum pauvam iranku mun tur-aivelpo_r iraaman arumar-aikku avittapal veezh aalam po_lao_viyavintanr-aal iv azhunkaloore ( Akanaanoor-u paadal 70 ) Before Sri Rama embarked upon his journey to Sri Lanka, he sat below a big banyan tree on the banks of the sacred Setu (tiruvan.aikkarai) and was engrossed in conversation with his friends. The birds on the banyan tree were chirping. Sri Rama stopped the chirping by his command.
- 38. Ancient Setu (Aryachakravarti) coins of Jaffna, 13 th century and Parantaka Chola copper plate (10 th cent.) (Nagaswamy R. 1979. Thiruttani and Velanjeri Copper Plates . State Dept. Of Archaeology, Tamilnadu. Madras. See: L’Hernault F. 1978. L’Iconographie de Subrahmanya au Tamilnad , Institut Francais d’ Indologie. Pondichery, p.111, ph. 63.) The copper plates indicate that Aparajitavarman went to Setutirtha. Setupati coinage, 16 th and 17 th century Obverse: Sri Ganapati, seated.Reverse, in Tamil, Se-Tu-Pa-(Ti missing). Tamil script.
- 41. Kilakkarai and other places produce s’ankha, a cultural symbol venerated in Bharatiya traditions (West Bengal Dev. Corpn. In Kilakarai has an annual turnover of Rs. 100 crores to procure s’ankha from Rama Setu coastal zone)
- 42. Only Bharatam coastline produces s’ankha
- 43. S’ankha is unique to Bharatam coastline, not found anywhere else in the world Date of the woman’s burial with ornaments 6500 Years Before Common Era. Wide shell-bangle and shell ornaments
- 44. 8,500 year-old S’ankha industry, Gulf of Mannar S’ankha industry thrives in Kilakkarai (Rs. 100 crore annual turnover); s’ankha kr.s’aana (S’ankha cutter) mentioned in Rigveda, Atharvaveda Wide bangle made from a single conch shell and carved with a chevron motif, Harappa; marine shell, Turbinella pyrum (After Fig. 7.44, Kenoyer, 1998) National Museum, Karachi. 54.3554. HM 13828. Seven shell bangles from burial of an elderly woman, Harappa; worn on the left arm; three on the upper arm and four on the forearm; 6.3 X 5.7 cm to 8x9 cm marine shell, Turbinella pyrum (After Fig. 7.43, Kenoyer, 1998) Harappa museum. H87-635 to 637; 676 to 679.
- 49. Rama Setu: destruction status 10 Oct. 2007 46.07% (Palkbay/Palkstrait) 17 Sept. 2007 24.76% (Rama Setu/Adam’s Bridge)
- 50. Project location
- 51. Locus of Rama Setu in relation to the coastline http://sethusamudram.gov.in
- 59. Sri Rama and s’ankha naadam Vishnu’s fight with the Rakshasas led by Malyava a n, Ma a li and Suma a li as narrated in the Uttarkanda of the Ramayana (Canto VI-VIII) A Terracotta Panel from Bhitargaon Showing a Ramayana Scene By P. B anerjee http://ignca.nic.in/pb0020.htm