The document discusses the importance of protecting Rama Setu for sustainable development. It notes that the Valmiki Ramayana describes Rama causing an eruption and tsunami when defeating the ocean, and this is validated by heatflow and geotectonic maps of the region. It discusses the presence of thorium and other mineral deposits in the region that are important for India's nuclear power, and how these could be damaged if Rama Setu is damaged. It provides geological, archaeological and other evidence that Rama Setu is an ancient structure and should be preserved as a national monument.
Rama Setu: 315 page e-book
The book presents multiple facets of the Setu Samudram Channel Project and evidences for Rama Setu as a monument of international importance.
The document discusses evidence that the Rama Setu between India and Sri Lanka is an ancient bridge built by Rama's army. It references descriptions of the bridge in Hindu scriptures like the Ramayana as well as ancient maps and accounts that label the region as Rama's bridge. The document argues that conducting dredging for a shipping canal could damage this ancient structure and impact the mineral rich coastal regions as well as increase risks of tsunamis. Alternatives like improving existing ports are suggested.
36 slides on Rama Setu and Setu Samudram Channel Project, a plea for realignment without cutting through Rama Setu which should be protected as a monument of international importance.
The document discusses various perspectives on Rama Setu including:
1. Scientific perspectives show that Rama Setu likely protected the coastline from the 2004 tsunami and contains heat zones and thorium deposits.
2. Archaeological evidence and descriptions in ancient texts indicate that Rama Setu was likely an ancient bridge between India and Sri Lanka used by humans as early as 8,000-9,000 years ago.
3. Dredging the canal route could damage the fragile coral islands and reactivate underground heat zones, and an alternative route should be considered to avoid environmental damage.
The document discusses the proposed Sethusamudram shipping channel project and provides arguments against cutting a channel through the Ram Sethu (Adam's Bridge). It summarizes evidence from historical maps, texts, and NASA images that indicate the existence of a land bridge. It also notes that dredging could destroy coral islands and recommends alternative alignments for a canal with locks like the Panama Canal.
O documento discute som e ruído no ambiente, definindo som como variações de pressão que o ouvido pode detectar e ruído como som indesejável. Explica como som é transmitido e medidas, e discute causas comuns de ruído como transporte e atividades industriais. Também aborda possíveis consequências do ruído como perturbações psicológicas e problemas de audição após longa exposição.
The document summarizes various perspectives on the geopolitical, scientific, and historical significance of Rama Setu (Adam's Bridge) between India and Sri Lanka. It discusses evidence from fields like oceanography, geology, archaeology, and literature that indicate Rama Setu is an ancient structure and was likely a land bridge. It also notes the importance of Rama Setu in protecting coastal areas from tsunamis and its association with heavy mineral deposits important for India's energy needs and security.
Rama Setu: 315 page e-book
The book presents multiple facets of the Setu Samudram Channel Project and evidences for Rama Setu as a monument of international importance.
The document discusses evidence that the Rama Setu between India and Sri Lanka is an ancient bridge built by Rama's army. It references descriptions of the bridge in Hindu scriptures like the Ramayana as well as ancient maps and accounts that label the region as Rama's bridge. The document argues that conducting dredging for a shipping canal could damage this ancient structure and impact the mineral rich coastal regions as well as increase risks of tsunamis. Alternatives like improving existing ports are suggested.
36 slides on Rama Setu and Setu Samudram Channel Project, a plea for realignment without cutting through Rama Setu which should be protected as a monument of international importance.
The document discusses various perspectives on Rama Setu including:
1. Scientific perspectives show that Rama Setu likely protected the coastline from the 2004 tsunami and contains heat zones and thorium deposits.
2. Archaeological evidence and descriptions in ancient texts indicate that Rama Setu was likely an ancient bridge between India and Sri Lanka used by humans as early as 8,000-9,000 years ago.
3. Dredging the canal route could damage the fragile coral islands and reactivate underground heat zones, and an alternative route should be considered to avoid environmental damage.
The document discusses the proposed Sethusamudram shipping channel project and provides arguments against cutting a channel through the Ram Sethu (Adam's Bridge). It summarizes evidence from historical maps, texts, and NASA images that indicate the existence of a land bridge. It also notes that dredging could destroy coral islands and recommends alternative alignments for a canal with locks like the Panama Canal.
O documento discute som e ruído no ambiente, definindo som como variações de pressão que o ouvido pode detectar e ruído como som indesejável. Explica como som é transmitido e medidas, e discute causas comuns de ruído como transporte e atividades industriais. Também aborda possíveis consequências do ruído como perturbações psicológicas e problemas de audição após longa exposição.
The document summarizes various perspectives on the geopolitical, scientific, and historical significance of Rama Setu (Adam's Bridge) between India and Sri Lanka. It discusses evidence from fields like oceanography, geology, archaeology, and literature that indicate Rama Setu is an ancient structure and was likely a land bridge. It also notes the importance of Rama Setu in protecting coastal areas from tsunamis and its association with heavy mineral deposits important for India's energy needs and security.
The document provides perspectives on the geopolitical, scientific, and historical significance of Rama Setu (Adam's Bridge) based on archaeological, cartographic, and literary evidence. It discusses how Rama Setu acted as a natural sieve enriching nearby beaches with heavy minerals. Destroying Rama Setu could impact India's thorium reserves and disrupt ocean currents. The document also notes potential risks of increased seismic activity or tsunamis if another canal route is constructed and calls for protective measures.
1. The document discusses the Ramayana and Mahabharata epics as integral parts of Bharatiya or Indian history and culture.
2. It references descriptions of the construction of Rama's bridge to Sri Lanka in the Ramayana and mentions of the bridge in other ancient Indian texts.
3. Details are provided on cultural symbols like conch shells that are uniquely found along the coast near Rama's bridge and have cultural and economic significance in India.
This document contains summaries of several passages from texts related to Indian history and culture. It discusses the Mahabharata as central to Indian history, provides maps showing environmental conditions in Eurasia during the last ice age and vegetation zones in South Asia at that time. It also contains summaries of passages from the Ramayana describing the construction of Rama's bridge and references to it in other texts. Images and brief discussions of archaeological sites and artifacts related to the Sarasvati civilization are included.
The document discusses the importance of protecting Rama Setu (Adam's Bridge) for sustainable development in India. It notes that Rama Setu acts as a natural sieve concentrating heavy minerals like thorium along the coasts of India. Thorium is important for India's nuclear power program. Damage or destruction of Rama Setu could impact thorium deposits and disrupt ocean currents, affecting resources and increasing tsunami risk. The document provides geological, archaeological and satellite evidence that Rama Setu is an ancient structure and should be preserved as a national monument.
The document discusses various perspectives on Rama Setu including scientific, historical, archaeological, religious and legal views. It summarizes evidence that Rama Setu is an ancient formation that may have been used to connect India and Sri Lanka. It also discusses the potential environmental impacts of destroying Rama Setu through dredging and the risks of increased tsunami damage. Alternatives like realigning the canal are proposed.
Rama Setu is an ancient bridge formation made of volcanic rocks in the Gulf of Mannar that is over 100 million years old. It should be considered a sacred and world heritage site. The Setusamudram canal project should not damage Rama Setu as dredging could reactivate underground heat zones, destroy fragile coral islands, and impact the coastal environment and livelihoods. Alternative alignments for the canal project exist that avoid damaging Rama Setu.
The document discusses declaring the coastal zone between Rama Setu and Cochi in India as a Strategic Security Zone under military control due to its strategic importance. This coastal region contains 32% of the world's thorium reserves vital for India's nuclear energy program as well as titanium. It notes the need to protect this zone from threats like the proposed Setusamudram shipping canal project and alleged illegal export of coastal sands containing strategic minerals.
The document discusses the Sethusamudram shipping canal project in India. It mentions that Tuticorin Port Trust was appointed as the nodal agency for the project in 1997. An initial environmental examination was conducted that found the project would have negligible environmental impact. However, some researchers have since raised concerns about potential impacts like increased soil erosion and tsunamis affecting the southern India coastline. The document also discusses issues around the project's environmental impact assessment and gaps in studying topics like sedimentation patterns and subsurface geology.
The document discusses evidence that Rama Setu is an ancient monument of historical and archaeological importance located between India and Sri Lanka. It provides geological, archaeological, and satellite evidence from sources like NASA and ISRO showing that Rama Setu is a limestone bridge structure and should be protected as a heritage site rather than damaged by the Sethu Samudram canal project.
The proposed Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project in India is unlikely to be economically viable or environmentally sustainable according to experts. The project aims to cut travel time for ships by dredging a canal through the Gulf of Mannar, but it would require large investments that are unlikely to be recouped given the small time savings. It could also increase risks of tsunamis and hurt the livelihoods of local fishermen. While supporters argue it may boost an Indian port, many experts believe ships will continue to prefer other routes and the project will not generate enough traffic or profits to justify its huge costs. It is also unclear whether the project would meaningfully reinforce India's territorial claims in the region as some have suggested.
The document discusses the potential environmental and geological impacts of damaging Rama Setu (Adam's Bridge) during the Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project. It notes that the zone is geologically and thermally active, and disturbing it could trigger earthquakes, subsidence, and damage coastal areas and marine life. Scientists are quoted as saying that disturbing fault zones and high heat flow regions could have serious effects. The document advocates for more study and protecting Rama Setu as an ancient monument and pilgrimage site of importance to many Hindus.
The document discusses the causes and impacts of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. It describes how the tsunami was triggered by a 9.3 magnitude earthquake caused by subduction along the Sumatra fault line. It also discusses the ecological impacts of the tsunami, including increased chlorophyll and phytoplankton blooming before the event, decreased marine life and fish populations after, and damage to coastal morphology and deterioration of water quality in affected areas. Prevention and mitigation efforts implemented since include warning systems, education campaigns, and coastal protection measures like mangrove preservation and breakwaters.
The document provides information on limestone deposits in India and Tamil Nadu. It finds that South and West zones of India contain the major limestone reserves, accounting for 68% of the country's total. Within the South zone, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka contain over 55% of the reserves. In Tamil Nadu, limestone deposits are found across multiple districts and taluks, with major occurrences in Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Virudhunagar, Madurai, Coimbatore, Karur, Namakkal, Salem, and Tiruchirappalli districts. The document outlines the geological nature and locations of the key limestone deposits in each area.
Correlation of Cretaceous of Trichinopoly and Narmada basin.pptxShubhra Verma
It includes the stratigraphy of Cretaceous of Trichinopoly, Lameta and Bagh beds of Narmada basin, also their lithological and paleontological correlation.
48 km from Dhanbad, Maithon is termed as mother’s abode. It has the biggest reservoir in DVC. Conceived on the lines of Tennessee Valley, USA it has been designed for flood control & generates 60,000 kW of electric power. It is built on the river Barakar.
Deep Sea Mining Environment, Economic and Hindu Technological Perspectives wi...ijtsrd
This paper explores the metaphorical connections between the Hindu mythological story of Sagar Manthan (the churning of the ocean) and modern deep sea mining. In Sagar Manthan, gods and demons worked together to extract Amrita (nectar of immortality) from the depths of the ocean, yielding valuable objects - a parallel is drawn to extracting critical minerals from the ocean floor. Deep sea mining offers potential economic and technological rewards but also faces major environmental challenges. It requires advanced technology to operate in extreme ocean conditions and a robust regulatory system to balance resource extraction with environmental protection. For deep sea mining to be sustainable, comprehensive assessments are needed and international cooperation on best practices must be employed to ensure potential benefits can be re
Sedimentological and Palynological Approach for Determining the Depositional ...Md. Yousuf Gazi
Sitakund anticlinal structure exposes about 1.5 km of Surma group sediments and has been chosen for a comprehensive study of the
mudrocks depositional environment based on sedimentological and palynological evidences. Five mudrock facies have been identified in
this region. They are Mudstone Dominated, Sand/Silt Streaked Shale, Fissile Shale, Laminated Shale and Lenticular Bedded Shale. The
palynological assemblages from these samples have been analyzed qualitatively, and a variety of pollen, spores, algae and fungi identified.
The pollen and spores have been attributed to parent plants located at the immediate and more regional surrounding areas during the
deposition of these sediments. Palynological assemblages incorporates ample of Palmae grains such as spores in the Palmipollenites and
Proxaperites and predominance of pteridophytic spores. The occurrences and abundances of these pollens indicate that the deposition of the
Surma mudrocks took place at the proximity of the shore level. Coastal fluvial environment is also triumphed after the previous depositional
event which is apparent by the occurrence of palynomorphs of pteridophytes, angiosperms and algal origin.
Around the world, groundwater is a key source of water. Because its reliance is growing, it is critical to ensure that a sufficient supply of high-quality drinking water is available. We explored the shallow aquifer in Rumuohia community in Emohua local government area, Rivers State, Nigeria, with the goal of using seismic refraction to delineate depth to the shallow aquifer and geological structure of the terrain at five selected areas. The result of the research reveals two strata with sand-gravel and clay lithologies. Layer 1 is clay, with an average velocity of 274.83 m/s and a thickness range of 4.88m to 9.98m at an average of 7m in all five locations. Layer 2 is composed up of sandy clay in Mina 1 and Mina 3. Clay is found in Mina 2, while sand with gravel (dry) is found in Mina 4 and Mina 5, implying a potential aquifer with an average velocity of 422.63 m/s. The presence of sand indicates a productive aquifer, while clay acts as a stopper for the sand, which is prone to compaction due to overburden pressure. The study area is generally a favorable location for a borehole with a high likelihood of providing drinkable water.
The document discusses India's strategic minerals like thorium and titanium contained in monazite and ilmenite sands. It notes India's large thorium reserves and their importance for India's nuclear program and energy independence. However, the privatization of mining in 2002 has led to the looting of these strategic minerals for export rather than being used domestically. There is a need to establish a regulatory authority and reserve these minerals for India's strategic development.
Traveling with Frontier Airlines through Boston Logan International Airport offers a budget-friendly and efficient experience. With the modern facilities at Terminal C, extensive services, and amenities provided by Frontier, passengers can enjoy a comfortable journey. Whether you're a frequent flyer or a first-time traveler, this guide aims to help you navigate BOS with ease and make the most of your trip.
The document provides perspectives on the geopolitical, scientific, and historical significance of Rama Setu (Adam's Bridge) based on archaeological, cartographic, and literary evidence. It discusses how Rama Setu acted as a natural sieve enriching nearby beaches with heavy minerals. Destroying Rama Setu could impact India's thorium reserves and disrupt ocean currents. The document also notes potential risks of increased seismic activity or tsunamis if another canal route is constructed and calls for protective measures.
1. The document discusses the Ramayana and Mahabharata epics as integral parts of Bharatiya or Indian history and culture.
2. It references descriptions of the construction of Rama's bridge to Sri Lanka in the Ramayana and mentions of the bridge in other ancient Indian texts.
3. Details are provided on cultural symbols like conch shells that are uniquely found along the coast near Rama's bridge and have cultural and economic significance in India.
This document contains summaries of several passages from texts related to Indian history and culture. It discusses the Mahabharata as central to Indian history, provides maps showing environmental conditions in Eurasia during the last ice age and vegetation zones in South Asia at that time. It also contains summaries of passages from the Ramayana describing the construction of Rama's bridge and references to it in other texts. Images and brief discussions of archaeological sites and artifacts related to the Sarasvati civilization are included.
The document discusses the importance of protecting Rama Setu (Adam's Bridge) for sustainable development in India. It notes that Rama Setu acts as a natural sieve concentrating heavy minerals like thorium along the coasts of India. Thorium is important for India's nuclear power program. Damage or destruction of Rama Setu could impact thorium deposits and disrupt ocean currents, affecting resources and increasing tsunami risk. The document provides geological, archaeological and satellite evidence that Rama Setu is an ancient structure and should be preserved as a national monument.
The document discusses various perspectives on Rama Setu including scientific, historical, archaeological, religious and legal views. It summarizes evidence that Rama Setu is an ancient formation that may have been used to connect India and Sri Lanka. It also discusses the potential environmental impacts of destroying Rama Setu through dredging and the risks of increased tsunami damage. Alternatives like realigning the canal are proposed.
Rama Setu is an ancient bridge formation made of volcanic rocks in the Gulf of Mannar that is over 100 million years old. It should be considered a sacred and world heritage site. The Setusamudram canal project should not damage Rama Setu as dredging could reactivate underground heat zones, destroy fragile coral islands, and impact the coastal environment and livelihoods. Alternative alignments for the canal project exist that avoid damaging Rama Setu.
The document discusses declaring the coastal zone between Rama Setu and Cochi in India as a Strategic Security Zone under military control due to its strategic importance. This coastal region contains 32% of the world's thorium reserves vital for India's nuclear energy program as well as titanium. It notes the need to protect this zone from threats like the proposed Setusamudram shipping canal project and alleged illegal export of coastal sands containing strategic minerals.
The document discusses the Sethusamudram shipping canal project in India. It mentions that Tuticorin Port Trust was appointed as the nodal agency for the project in 1997. An initial environmental examination was conducted that found the project would have negligible environmental impact. However, some researchers have since raised concerns about potential impacts like increased soil erosion and tsunamis affecting the southern India coastline. The document also discusses issues around the project's environmental impact assessment and gaps in studying topics like sedimentation patterns and subsurface geology.
The document discusses evidence that Rama Setu is an ancient monument of historical and archaeological importance located between India and Sri Lanka. It provides geological, archaeological, and satellite evidence from sources like NASA and ISRO showing that Rama Setu is a limestone bridge structure and should be protected as a heritage site rather than damaged by the Sethu Samudram canal project.
The proposed Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project in India is unlikely to be economically viable or environmentally sustainable according to experts. The project aims to cut travel time for ships by dredging a canal through the Gulf of Mannar, but it would require large investments that are unlikely to be recouped given the small time savings. It could also increase risks of tsunamis and hurt the livelihoods of local fishermen. While supporters argue it may boost an Indian port, many experts believe ships will continue to prefer other routes and the project will not generate enough traffic or profits to justify its huge costs. It is also unclear whether the project would meaningfully reinforce India's territorial claims in the region as some have suggested.
The document discusses the potential environmental and geological impacts of damaging Rama Setu (Adam's Bridge) during the Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project. It notes that the zone is geologically and thermally active, and disturbing it could trigger earthquakes, subsidence, and damage coastal areas and marine life. Scientists are quoted as saying that disturbing fault zones and high heat flow regions could have serious effects. The document advocates for more study and protecting Rama Setu as an ancient monument and pilgrimage site of importance to many Hindus.
The document discusses the causes and impacts of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. It describes how the tsunami was triggered by a 9.3 magnitude earthquake caused by subduction along the Sumatra fault line. It also discusses the ecological impacts of the tsunami, including increased chlorophyll and phytoplankton blooming before the event, decreased marine life and fish populations after, and damage to coastal morphology and deterioration of water quality in affected areas. Prevention and mitigation efforts implemented since include warning systems, education campaigns, and coastal protection measures like mangrove preservation and breakwaters.
The document provides information on limestone deposits in India and Tamil Nadu. It finds that South and West zones of India contain the major limestone reserves, accounting for 68% of the country's total. Within the South zone, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka contain over 55% of the reserves. In Tamil Nadu, limestone deposits are found across multiple districts and taluks, with major occurrences in Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Virudhunagar, Madurai, Coimbatore, Karur, Namakkal, Salem, and Tiruchirappalli districts. The document outlines the geological nature and locations of the key limestone deposits in each area.
Correlation of Cretaceous of Trichinopoly and Narmada basin.pptxShubhra Verma
It includes the stratigraphy of Cretaceous of Trichinopoly, Lameta and Bagh beds of Narmada basin, also their lithological and paleontological correlation.
48 km from Dhanbad, Maithon is termed as mother’s abode. It has the biggest reservoir in DVC. Conceived on the lines of Tennessee Valley, USA it has been designed for flood control & generates 60,000 kW of electric power. It is built on the river Barakar.
Deep Sea Mining Environment, Economic and Hindu Technological Perspectives wi...ijtsrd
This paper explores the metaphorical connections between the Hindu mythological story of Sagar Manthan (the churning of the ocean) and modern deep sea mining. In Sagar Manthan, gods and demons worked together to extract Amrita (nectar of immortality) from the depths of the ocean, yielding valuable objects - a parallel is drawn to extracting critical minerals from the ocean floor. Deep sea mining offers potential economic and technological rewards but also faces major environmental challenges. It requires advanced technology to operate in extreme ocean conditions and a robust regulatory system to balance resource extraction with environmental protection. For deep sea mining to be sustainable, comprehensive assessments are needed and international cooperation on best practices must be employed to ensure potential benefits can be re
Sedimentological and Palynological Approach for Determining the Depositional ...Md. Yousuf Gazi
Sitakund anticlinal structure exposes about 1.5 km of Surma group sediments and has been chosen for a comprehensive study of the
mudrocks depositional environment based on sedimentological and palynological evidences. Five mudrock facies have been identified in
this region. They are Mudstone Dominated, Sand/Silt Streaked Shale, Fissile Shale, Laminated Shale and Lenticular Bedded Shale. The
palynological assemblages from these samples have been analyzed qualitatively, and a variety of pollen, spores, algae and fungi identified.
The pollen and spores have been attributed to parent plants located at the immediate and more regional surrounding areas during the
deposition of these sediments. Palynological assemblages incorporates ample of Palmae grains such as spores in the Palmipollenites and
Proxaperites and predominance of pteridophytic spores. The occurrences and abundances of these pollens indicate that the deposition of the
Surma mudrocks took place at the proximity of the shore level. Coastal fluvial environment is also triumphed after the previous depositional
event which is apparent by the occurrence of palynomorphs of pteridophytes, angiosperms and algal origin.
Around the world, groundwater is a key source of water. Because its reliance is growing, it is critical to ensure that a sufficient supply of high-quality drinking water is available. We explored the shallow aquifer in Rumuohia community in Emohua local government area, Rivers State, Nigeria, with the goal of using seismic refraction to delineate depth to the shallow aquifer and geological structure of the terrain at five selected areas. The result of the research reveals two strata with sand-gravel and clay lithologies. Layer 1 is clay, with an average velocity of 274.83 m/s and a thickness range of 4.88m to 9.98m at an average of 7m in all five locations. Layer 2 is composed up of sandy clay in Mina 1 and Mina 3. Clay is found in Mina 2, while sand with gravel (dry) is found in Mina 4 and Mina 5, implying a potential aquifer with an average velocity of 422.63 m/s. The presence of sand indicates a productive aquifer, while clay acts as a stopper for the sand, which is prone to compaction due to overburden pressure. The study area is generally a favorable location for a borehole with a high likelihood of providing drinkable water.
The document discusses India's strategic minerals like thorium and titanium contained in monazite and ilmenite sands. It notes India's large thorium reserves and their importance for India's nuclear program and energy independence. However, the privatization of mining in 2002 has led to the looting of these strategic minerals for export rather than being used domestically. There is a need to establish a regulatory authority and reserve these minerals for India's strategic development.
Traveling with Frontier Airlines through Boston Logan International Airport offers a budget-friendly and efficient experience. With the modern facilities at Terminal C, extensive services, and amenities provided by Frontier, passengers can enjoy a comfortable journey. Whether you're a frequent flyer or a first-time traveler, this guide aims to help you navigate BOS with ease and make the most of your trip.
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Ramasetu1dec2007
1. Protect Rama Setu:
for sustainable development
Valmiki ramayana, Sarga 21, Yuddhakandam
Describes Rama’s victory over the ocean; he releases
the arrow which makes a volcano erupt, resulting in a
tsunami.
This episode is validated by the heatflow and
geotectonic maps of Bharatam in the Rama Setu region.
S. Kalyanaraman, Ph.D.,
Sarasvati Research Centre,
Former Sr. Exec.,
Asian Development Bank,
kalyan97@gmail.com
11/19/2007
1
Thorium/titanium placer deposits due
to churning action of ocean currents,
with Rama Setu acting like a sieve or
cyclotron
Thorium deposits in Kerala (Aluva, Chavara),
Tamilnadu (Manavalakurichi) that support nuclear
power source for India will be desiccated if Rama Setu
is damaged. If another tsunami strikes, the placer
2 deposits will be submerged in the ocean.
1
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2. Heavy mineral rich Inayam Teri Sand
Deposit, Kanyakumari district, Tamil
Nadu
•
11/19/2007
3
Importance of Thorium for Bharat
The currently known Indian thorium reserves
(3.6 lakh tonnes) amount to 358,000 GWe-yr
of electrical energy (Thorium reserves can
generate 400,000 MW electricity per year for
the next 389 years).
• India’s vast thorium deposits permit design and
operation of U-233 fuelled breeder reactors.
(Th-232 + neutron yields Uranium 233)
• These thorium-based breeder reactors are
under development and would serve as the
mainstay of the final thorium utilization stage
of the Indian nuclear programme. 11/19/2007
4
http://www.barc.ernet.in/webpages/about/anu1.htm
2
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3. Heavy mineral beach
placers
(ilmenite, rutile, garnet
and monazite)
Kolachel to
Kanniyakumari on 75
km.
Vattakottai and Lipuram
to Manavalakurichi: 5 to
6 km. With a width of 3
to 5 m from the mouth
of Valliyur River. (Data
base, GSI)
11/19/2007
5
Richest monazite concentration in the
world (32% of world thorium reserves)
The beach placers in Manavalakurichi,
Aluva, Chavara, on an average
contain 45 to 55% ilmenite, 7 to 14%
garnet, 4 to 5% zircon, 3 to 4%
monazite, 2 to 3% sillimanite, 2 to 3%
rutile, 0.5 to 1% leucoxene and 10 to
25% others, including silica.
(Database 1984, GSI)
11/19/2007
6
3
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4. 11/19/2007
7
1.US Navy operational directive, 23 June
2005
2. Chairman TCPT replies to PMO 30
June 2005
3. Inauguration of SSCP 2 July 2005.
• Agreement between Sri Lanka (Sirimavo Bandaranaike) and
India (Indira Gandhi) June 1974: declaration Gulf of Mannar
as Historic waters; United Nations Conference on the Law of
the Sea (1958), Convention of the Territorial Sea and
Contiguous Zone recognizes HISTORIC Waters
•
This claim is not recognized by the United States.
• U.S. conducted operational assertions in 1993 and 1994,
1999 in Gulf (or tadi eduttavan tandal kaaran) treating these
as international waters.
• Geopolitics:
USA naval bases : Diego garcia, Trincomalee, Straits of Malacca
China naval bases: Gwadar, Haumtota, Sitwe
11/19/2007
8
4
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5. Tirutturaipoondibe
ach (6000 years)
Kodiyakkarai
Manamelgudi
shoreline
(6000 years)
Thondi
Pamban
Devipattinam
Ramanathapuram
Talaimannar
Uchchipuli
11/19/2007
9
A volcanic canyon west of Rama Setu, 1 m to 3000 m slope
Location map.
Inset:
bathymetry map
of the Gulf of
Mannar
(reproduced
from Murty et
al., 1994)
http://www.Setusamudram.in/htm
docs/Articles/cp_rajendran_2.htm
11/19/2007
10
5
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6. Canyon below the ocean?
Question of stability of
any channel on this slope.
• Abstract Two suites of slumps from opposite
margins of the Gulf of Mannar, between Sri
Lanka and southern India, have met and
coalesced. The “Eastern Comorin” Slump is the
more coherent of the two with a length of 70 to
100 km. The “Colombo” side slump consists of
two to four blocks 15 to 35 km in length. Both
slump-suites decrease to the south. A
paleoslump underlies the western toe of the
East Comorin Slump at a depth of some 800
meters. To the south, an enlarging and
deepening submarine canyon marks the area of
slump coalescence. See William Vestal and Allen Lowrie, Geology and Geophysics Branch-Code
7220, U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office NSTL Station, 39522, MS
• http://www.springerlink.com /content/m602j3k746342lnl/ 11/19/2007
11
Rama’s
hotspot
Heatflow in
Rama Setu
100 to 180
milliwatt per sq.
m. comparable to
Himalayan
hotsprings
Will dredging in
the area activate
these heat zones?. 11/19/2007
12
6
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7. 11/19/2007
13
Tectonic setting:
Nature
magazine,
6 Sept. 2007
Plate
subduction
Sunda plate
Direction of
inferred fault-
line sucking in
tsunami 11/19/2007
14
7
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8. Mannar Volcanics 100 m. old: Rama Setu
an ancient submarine canyon collapse
11/19/2007
15
• Destruction of
Bore-hole locations on Rama Setu
fragile coral
islands by
sediments
• Likely reactivation
of sub-sea
heatflows
• Alternatives:
• Pamban; like
Panama Canal,
locks could be
provided both in
the Palk bay side
and Gulf of
Mannar side so
that such
calamities could be
prevented.
• Provide for
tsunami-protection
walls
11/19/2007
16
8
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9. Geological, archaeological evidence:
Dept. of Earth Sciences (March 2007)
• Around Rameswaram, there are raised Teri
formations that supported a rich assemblage of
mesolithic – microlithic tools indicating the
presence of strong human habitation and
activity in these areas as early as 8000 to 9000
years B.P and as recent as 4000 years B.P. On
Sri Lanka side there are indications of human
habitation extending to late Pleistocene (about
13,000 B.P) based on bone and fossils of
human and animal form.
• All these point to a flourishing human activity
on both sides of Adams Bridge and probably
when the sea levels were just right the link
between India and Sri Lanka could have been
established. 11/19/2007
17
Evidence from
ISRO and NASA
websites
A news report date-lined Rameswaram, 15 April 2007 in the New
Indian Express (page 7) noted:quot;... Baalu said the government
and the Sethusamudram project officials had written to NASA
on the Adam's Bridge, but there has been no reply from NASA.quot;
ISRO image gives the answer ! Why ask NASA?
Item 1: February 2000 Report of NASA
http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/srilanka.htm Shuttle Radar
Topography Mission (SRTM) of NASA aboard space shuttle
Endeavour launched in February 2000. quot;Sri Lanka is shaped
like a giant teardrop falling from the southern tip of the vast
Indian subcontinent. It is separated from India by the 50km
(31mi) wide Palk Strait, although there is a series of stepping-
stone coral islets known as Adam's Bridge that almost form a
land bridge between the two countries.quot;
Item 2: April 1966 Report of NASA http://history.nasa.gov/SP-
168/section3b.htm Exploring space with a camera by NASA
quot;[193] Gemini XI. This photograph from an altitude of 410
miles encompasses all of India, an area of 1250 000 square
miles,quot; GEORGE M. LOW, then the Deputy Director, Manned
Spacecraft Center, NASA, notes. quot;Bombay is on the west coast,
directly left of the spacecraft's can-shaped antenna New Delhi
is just below the horizon near the upper left. Adam's Bridge
between India and Ceylon , at the right, is clearly visible. A
cloudless region surrounds the entire subcontinent. Differences
in color, green near the west coast, and brown inland, delineate
regions of heavy vegetation and semiarid areas.quot; The picture
by NASA is available on the NASA website.
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-168/p193a.jpg 11/19/2007
18
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10. Tsunami effect: 2,60,000 lives lost
Destruction of Aceh island, damage in beaches north of Chennai and
Nagapattinam
Sea-bed has risen by about 200 m. in some regions
2/3 of the aquatic life and corals devastated in the Biosphere Reserve/Marine
National Parks
11/19/2007
19
Seismic activity
Indian plate dynamically moves northwards @6
cm. per year resulting in plate tectonics (e.g
Bhuj earthquake, Aceh quake).
The Indian Ocean in this region is riddled with
earthquake fault-lines
11/19/2007
20
10
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11. Tsuanmi of Dec. 26, 2004
Result of plate tectonics in Sunda plate
11/19/2007
21
Build tsunami protection walls as
part of any canal project: example,
tsunami wall in Japan
11/19/2007
22
11
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12. Prof. Tad S. Murthy’s views
• Prof. Tad S Murthy is a tsunami expert who advised Govt. of India on
tsunami warning system and edited Tsunami journal for over 20 years
• Prof. Tad S Murthy’s objections were cited in PMO’s letter of Jan. 2005
• He said: Change the mouth of the alignment (Bay of
Bengal) norwestwards to avoid destruction of Kerala by
next tsunami
• quot;The Sethusamudram canal has many characteristics similar to the Alberni
canal, and this is the reason I am concerned. In the March 28, 1964, Alaska
earthquake tsunami, outside of Alaska the largest tsunami amplitude was at
the head of the Alberni canal well inland and not at the open coast as
everyone expected. Later, I explained this was due to (a phenomenon
known as) quarter wave resonance
• http://www.elaw.in/issue/sethu.htm
11/19/2007
23
Rama Setu: ancient monument of international
importance, whether man-made or natural; even a
stone or a cave or a river is a monument under the
1958 Act.
From Setu to Himachalam defines the sovereign
Bharatam according to the Suvey of India logo
since 1767.
Suggestio falsi, suppressio veri: Ambika Soni
New Delhi, Mar 06, 2007: Government on Tuesday said there are
no archaeological studies that reveal the existence of a Ram Setu
bridge between India and Sri Lanka. However, a NASA satellite
picture has shown the existence of a stretch of land bridge in the
Palk Strait between the countries, Minister of Tourism and
Culture Ambika Soni said in a written reply to the Rajya Sabha
today. She informed the house that as there are no
archaeological studies to confirm the fact, the government was
not planning to take any preservation initiative in this direction.
http://zeenews.com/articles.asp?aid=358346&sid=NAT
24
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13. Govt. has no plans to declare Ram Setu as national
monument
• 15:38 IST Tuesday, August 14, 2007
Minister for Tourism and Culture Smt. Ambika Soni
In a written reply in the Rajya Sabha said, no
archaeological study has been made in respect of
Ram Setu by the Archaeological Survey of India
• As per the scientific evidence available so far, Ram
Setu does not fulfill the criteria to be declared as a
monument of national importance under the
provisions of the Ancient Monuments and
Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958.
• http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=29871
11/19/2007
25
Malabar Bowen map (1747) drawn by
Netherlands shows Ramarcoil I (that is,
Rama temple).
11/19/2007
26
13
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14. Map drawn by Joseph Parks, Australian
Botanical explorer (1788) shows Ramar
Bridge (Map in Sarasvati Mahal Lib.,
Thanjavur), the map Hon’ble TR Baalu saw !
Map of 1804, by
James Rennel,
First Surveyor
General of
India,
renamed
Ramar Bridge
as Adam’s
bridge
27
Kamba ramayanam in Tamil has a separate sarga called Setubandha
padalam. ‘Sethu’ is the waterbody in which SriRama purified
himself from ‘Brammahatti dosha’ on his return from Lanka after
killing Ravana. It is located in the sea in Rameshwaram area near
‘sethubandhanam’. Rameswaram is called: Setubandha
Rameswaram. South Asia in the time of the Khaljis and Tughluqs, c.
1290-1390
Tulasidas:
Ramacharitamanas
11/19/2007
14
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15. Setu, Setubandha Rameswaram
Hampi inscription of Krishnadevaraya Saka 1430
(1508 CE) in Epigraphica Indica refers to Rama Setu
11/19/2007
29
Religious and cultural sites, 8th-12th
centuries
http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=071 Schwartzberg Atlas, p. 34.
11/19/2007
30
15
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16. Islamic expansion and changing Western views of South
(Al-Biruni’s record)
Asia, 7th-12th centuries
http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=070 Schwartzberg Atlas, v. , p. 33.
11/19/2007
31
Puranic India (Bharata)
http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=064 Schwartzberg Atlas, v. , p. 27.
11/19/2007
32
16
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17. Madras Presidency Administration Report, 1903 and a
Travelogue, 1744 refer to the bridge
(
Glossary entry: Adam. …”Called the bridge of Rama… It
really joined Ceylon to India until 1480, when a breach
was made through rocks during a storm. A subsequent
storm enlarged this and foot traffic then ceased…Partly
above and partly below water; but when covered has
now here above three or four feet of water…”
Source: Manual of the Administration of the Madras Presidency./C.D. Maclean (1903). New Delhi, AES, 3 Vols., 2440 p., Contents: Vol. 1: Chapters 1-9
Containing: The Principal Articles of the Manual Arranged so as to Conform to the Order of Subjects in the Yearly Presidency Administration Report. Vol. 2:
Appendices Containing: Articles and Statements, Supplementary of the Articles in Vol. 1 Arranged Under General Heads. Vol. 3: Glossary of the Madras Presidency: A
Classification of Terminology, a Gazetteer and Economic Dictionary of the Province and Other Information, the Whole Arranged Alphabetically and Indexed.
Travelogue
A book by Alexander Hamilton, 1744, A New Account of
the East Indies: Giving an Exact and Copious
Description of the Situation, P. 338 describes his visit
to ‘zeloan’ (alt. spelling for Ceylon) by walking on
the bridge.
11/19/2007
33
Research report
Asiatic Society, 1799,
Asiatick Researches: Or,
Transactions of the
Society Instituted in
Bengal, P. 52 refers to
the bridge called Setband
(alt. spelling, setuband
like Allahband; setu-
bandha), broken in 3
places. It also notes “The
people call it a bridge; or
otherwise it appears to
have wood growing on it,
and to be inhabited.”
11/19/2007
34
17
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18. Hon’ble Mu. Karunanidhi cites evidence for Rama
Setu, there is also evidence from Sangam
literature
• In a book titled, Ramanathapuram
District Gazetteer published in
1972, Mu. Karunanidhi, the then
Chief Minister writes a foreword
and praises the contents
• The book refers to Rama Setu
(also called Adam’s bridge or Nala
Setu).
11/19/2007
35
‘setu’ in all bharatiya languages means ‘man-made bund’
• English word ‘bund’ comes from Bharatiya word: bandha
• Valmiki describes the construction of Sethu in detai (85 shlokas).
hastimaatraan mahaakaayaaH paaSaaNaamshca mahaabalaaH
parvataamshca samutpaaTya yantraiH parivahanti ca Valmiki
Ramayana 2-22-58
Vaanara having huge bodies, with mighty strength uprooted elephant-
sized rocks and mountains and transported them by mechanical
contrivances (yantraih).
• Vedavyasa refers to Nalasetu
nalasetur iti khyāto yo 'dyāpi prathito bhuvi rāmasyājñā purask tya
dhāryate girisa nibha MBh. 3.267.45
.... which even today, popular on earth as Nala's bridge, mountain-like, is
sustained out of respect for [Lord] Rama's command. (Nala was son of
Vis’wakarma) Kalidasa's Raghuvams’a (sarga 13): Rama, while returning
from SriLanka in pushpaka vimaana: quot;Behold, Sita, My Sethu of
mountains dividing this frothy ocean is like the milky way dividing the sky
into two partsquot;
Kaavya in Prakrit by Setubandha Kavya by the King Damodara Sen (5th
Century).
King Pravarasena II (550-600 CE) called “Setu bandha or Ravanavaho,
Dasamuha Vadhaquot;
11/19/2007
36
18
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19. Evidence from Sangam literature
1.kadunter iraaman udanpun.ar seetaiyaivalittakai arakkan vavviya
jnaanr-ainilamcer madaran.i kan.d.a kurangincemmukap perunkil.ai
izhaippolindaa anguaar-aa a varunakai yinidu per-r-ikume (Pur-
anaanoor-u paadal 378)
When Arakkan Ravana abducted Sita who came with Rama, the
ornaments removed from her body and thrown by her to the
ground, the monkey families adorned themselves erratically with
these ornaments. People enjoyed seeing this sight.
2.venve_r- kavuniyar tonmudu ko_d.imuzhangirum pauvam iranku mun
tur-aivelpo_r iraaman arumar-aikku avittapal veezh aalam
po_lao_viyavintanr-aal iv azhunkaloore (Akanaanoor-u paadal 70)
Before Sri Rama embarked upon his journey to Sri Lanka, he sat
below a big banyan tree on the banks of the sacred Setu
(tiruvan.aikkarai) and was engrossed in conversation with his
friends. The birds on the banyan tree were chirping. Sri Rama
stopped the chirping by his command.
11/19/2007
37
Ancient Setu (Aryachakravarti) coins
of Jaffna, 13th century and Parantaka
Chola copper plate (10th cent.)
Setupati coinage,
16th and 17th century
Obverse: Sri
Ganapati,
seated.Reverse, in
Tamil, Se-Tu-Pa-(Ti
missing). Tamil
script.
(Nagaswamy R. 1979. Thiruttani and Velanjeri
Copper Plates. State Dept. Of Archaeology,
Tamilnadu. Madras. See: L’Hernault F. 1978.
L’Iconographie de Subrahmanya au Tamilnad,
Institut Francais d’ Indologie. Pondichery,
p.111, ph. 63.) The copper plates indicate that
Aparajitavarman went to Setutirtha.
38
19
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20. Prambananan (Brahmavana),
Indonesia
11/19/2007
39
Rama Setu in sculptures (9th and
10th centuries CE)
• Stone steles from the Ramayana wall
carvings at Prambanan Temple, Java,
Indonesia (built during the ninth and tenth
centuries Common Era). Classical Javanese
dance performances of the Ramayana are
held seasonally at Prambanan temple. A
2006 earthquake in Central Java, however,
caused considerable damage to the World
Heritage Site.
• Devi Sita talking to Sri Hanuman
• Vaanara Sena carrying stones, in their arms
and on their heads, to build Rama Setu,
followed by Sri Rama, carrying a sword.
• Fish and other sea creatures handling stones
from Rama's bridge to Lanka, during the
construction of Nala Setu (Rama Setu).
• Source:
http://www.learnnc.org/lp/multimedia/2616
11/19/2007
40
20
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21. Kilakkarai and other places produce s’ankha, a cultural
symbol venerated in Bharatiya traditions (West Bengal
Dev. Corpn. In Kilakarai has an annual turnover of Rs. 100
crores to procure s’ankha from Rama Setu coastal zone)
11/19/2007
41
Only Bharatam coastline produces
s’ankha
11/19/2007
42
21
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22. S’ankha is unique
to Bharatam
coastline, not
found anywhere
else in the world
Date of the
woman’s burial
with ornaments
6500 Years
Before Common
Era.
Wide shell-
bangle and shell
ornaments
43
43
8,500 year-old S’ankha industry, Gulf of Mannar
Seven shell bangles from burial of S’ankha industry thrives in
an elderly woman, Harappa; worn Kilakkarai (Rs. 100 crore annual
on the left arm; three on the turnover); s’ankha kr.s’aana
upper arm and four on the (S’ankha cutter) mentioned in
forearm; 6.3 X 5.7 cm to 8x9 cm Rigveda, Atharvaveda
marine shell, Turbinella pyrum
Wide bangle made from a single
(After Fig. 7.43, Kenoyer, 1998) Harappa museum. H87-
635 to 637; 676 to 679.
conch shell and carved with a
chevron motif, Harappa; marine
shell, Turbinella pyrum (After Fig. 7.44,
Kenoyer, 1998) National Museum, Karachi. 54.3554. HM
44 13828.
22
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23. Impact on the livelihood of coastal
people
U. Arulanandam, President,
Singaravelar Fishermen's
Forum : the project is being
implemented to enforce the
international boundary line in
the waters.
http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2201/stories/20050114005902400.htm
11/19/2007
45
Save marine wealth:
Vegetarian sea-cow, green turtle
The only place in the
world where dugong
lives.
Dugong is a sea-cow
which eats only
sea-grass.
There are over 3,600
unique aquatic
species in the Gulf
of Mannar
Bioreserve national
parks.
11/19/2007
46
23
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24. Setu tirtham
Setubandha venerated as sacred
tirtha by Alwars and Nayanmars
Rameswaram is one of the 12
jyotirlinga sthalams.
Pilgrimage to Ganga
(Kas’ivis’wanatha) is complete
only after the pilgrimage to
Rameswaram and Setutirtham. 11/19/2007
47
Traditions
Setutirtha snaanam as sacred. Mahatittha in Sri Lanka.
Setutirham for mothers desirous of children
No ploughs are used in Ramanathapuram district : peoples’ belief that
the earth is sacred since Sri Rama made three s’ivalinga using this
earth
Any fisherman extracting stone together with algae does prayas’cittam
• Skanda Purana (III.1.2.1-114), Vishnu Purana (IV.4.40-
49), Agni Purana (V-XI), Brahma Purana (138.1-40) refer
to the construction of Rama Setu. Skanda Purana
(VI.101.1-44) describes the installation of three Shiva linga
at the end, middle and beginning of Rama Setu and
making the same bridge submerged and thereby
creating Setu-Teertham. This is also related in Kurma
Purana (21.10-61). Garuda Purana (1.81.1-22) lists sacred
places including Setubandh and Rameswar. Narada Purana
(Uttara Bhag 76.1-20) extols the greatness of Rama-Setu.
11/19/2007
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25. Rama Setu: destruction status
10 Oct. 2007 46.07% (Palkbay/Palkstrait)
17 Sept. 2007 24.76% (Rama Setu/Adam’s Bridge)
11/19/2007
49
Project location
11/19/2007
50
25
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26. Locus of Rama Setu in relation to the coastline
http://sethusamudram.gov.in
11/19/2007
51
Sir AR Mudaliar Committee Report 1956:
Choose canal, NOT mid-ocean channel passage
Reasons:
•Shifting Sandbanks
•No possibility of construction of protective
works… definite navigational hazard
•Channel would border on the
Sethusamudram Medial Line.
“In these circumstances we have no doubt,
whatever that the junction between the two sea
should be effected by a Canal; and the idea of
cutting a passage in the sea through Adam’s
Bridge should be abandoned.”
11/19/2007
52
26
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27. Nightmare ship salvage operation if
Setusamudram is aligned as a mid-
ocean channel passage
Suez canal uses
special bollards
every 200 ft. to
salvage a
grounded vessel
Such bollards are
possible only if a
land-based
canal is used.
11/19/2007
53
Project does NOT make
nautical sense
According to Capt. Balakrishnan, the saving
in time from Kolkata to Tuthukudi
(Tuticorin) for a ship will be only 1.5 hrs.
Crossing channel at 6 nautical miles paying
pilotage charges (approx. Rs. 5 lakhs per
passage)?
Even many small ships with only 30,000
Dead Weight Tonnes may prefer to
navigate around Srilanka instead of using
the channel.
11/19/2007
54
27
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28. Eminent Jurists’ views
Justice VR Krishna Iyer’s letter to PM: I beseech
you to reconsider the stand taken if any already.
This is a matter of political party business or
popularity or pro-American yen…the grave issue
with which the nation shall defend its survival.
Justice KT Thomas: It is our duty to make in-depth
study of all possible repercussions before
destroy the natural geological formations. That
apart, the religious sentiments of the majority
community in India that Lord Rama created such
sea wall must he honored and respected.
11/19/2007
55
Court Orders
• Evidence for Rama Setu accepted. Courts use the word Rama Setu
• Violation of Section 295 of IPC (AIR 1958 SC 1032 Veerapathra Chettiar Vs.
Ramaswamy Naicker)
• Section 295: “with the intention of hereby insulting the religion of any class of
persons or with the knowledge that any class of persons is likely to consider such
destruction, damage or defilement as an insult to the religion.”
• HC noted: Sir A. Ramaswamy Mudaliar Committee expressly rejected the idea of
cutting a channel through the bridge and said that the idea should be
abandoned.
• Punjab and Haryana High Court held that Brahmasarovar was deemed to be a
monument
• Ramanathapuram judge: Final opinion could be pronounced only after subjecting
their documents to thorough scrutiny with the opinions of experts in the field
(archaeology and geology)
• SC order: “Till September 14, the alleged Rama Sethu/Adam’s bridge shall not be
damaged in any manner. Dredging activity may be carried out so long as it does
not damage Rama Sethu.”
• More details at: http://kalyan97.wordpress.com
11/19/2007
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29. Rama Setu -- world heritage
Many monuments have been declared as World Heritage
Sites by UNESCO:
Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine
Protection in Panama Tubbataha Reef
Marine Park in the Philippines
Kvarken Archipelago / High Coast in Sweden/Finland
Giant's causeway and Causeway coast in UK
Great Barrier Reef in Australia
Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System in Belize
Mont St. Michel and its bay in France
Ha Long Bay in Vietnam
Matobo Hills in Zimbabwe
US court backs Indian tribe (Navajo) to prevent
desiccation of a sacred mountain in USA
http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/nation/20070312-1046-environment-navajos.html 11/19/2007
57
http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/
Why save Rama Setu ?
To remember Sri Rama. The only surviving
monument related to Sri Rama who
walked from Ayodhya to Srilanka
This social, cultural memory is sacred
Sri Rama vigrahavaan dharmah (the very
embodiment of dharma)
Sri Rama is the role model for bharatiya
values based on dharma and for integrity
of the rashtram
11/19/2007
58
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30. Sri Rama and s’ankha naadam
Vishnu’s fight
Vishnu’
with the
Rakshasas led by
Malyavaan, Maali
Malyavaa Maa
and Sumaali as
Sumaa
narrated in the
Uttarkanda of the
Ramayana
(Canto VI-VIII)
VI- A
Terracotta Panel from Bhitargaon Showing a
Ramayana Scene By P. Banerjee
Banerjee
http://ignca.nic.in/pb0020.htm
11/19/2007
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Sustainable development alternatives
Transport system alternatives:
• railwayline between Thutukudi and Villupuram (near
Chennai)
• Pipelines connecting west coast and east coast for
distribution of oil and gas
Heritage tourism
• Heritage tourism development by delcaring
Rames’waram and Rama Setu as divya-kshetram
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31. Heritage tourism
• Tamilnadu Government website says Rama
Setu and Rameshwaram are divyakshetram
(like Tirumala) with reference to floating
stones used to build the bridge (Setu).
• “The stone said to have used to construct the
floating bridge Sethu Bandanam could be
seen here…”
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Rames’varam – holy, jyotirlinga
• The Holy abode of the Hindu God, Shri Ram
(addressed so with all respect & humility) is a
virtual paradise for the devout. No Hindu’s
journey is complete without a pilgrimage to both
Varanasi and Rameswaram for the culmination
of his quest for salvation and is hallowed by the
epic ‘Ramayana’. Folklore mentions about God
Ram’s presence in this land, after his 14-year
exile. (Ramnad, govt. website)
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32. Floating stone for Setubandhanam
• Erwadi…(near Rames’varam)
• SATCHI HANUMAN TEMPLE: This is where
Hanuman is said to have delivered the good
news of sita's well being to Rama with an
evidance choodamanai(Jewel) of Sita.
• FIVE FACED HANUMAN TEMPLE: Hanuman is
adorned with senthooram here. The stone said
to have used to construct the floating bridge
Sethu Bandanam could be seen here…
• http://www.ramnad.tn.nic.in/tourism.htm
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(Om versus Rome!)
• Rama Setu is divya-kshetram
• It is our sacred duty, dharma to protect
this teerthasthaanam
• Let pranava, omkaara, anaahata
naadam emanating from sacred s’ankha
reverberate around the world
• Let us save the ecosphere, nation’s
wealth, uphold nation’s sovereignty
• Security of rashtram cannot be
compromised or privatised 11/19/2007
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