Future ICT, AI, Computing and IoT in Support of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Treatment by Eduard Babulak in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Prevalence and Antibiogram of Bacteria Associated with Food Vending in Awka-S...ijtsrd
Food vending is recently a booming part of the food industry and millions of people depend on it for their daily nutritional needs especially because of its easy accessibility. It has become an important public health issue due to widespread food-borne diseases which are leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and antibiogram assay of bacteria associated with food vending in Awka-South LGA, Anambra State. The randomly selected towns for this study were three towns in Awka- South LGA in Anambra state namely Awka State capital , Mbaukwu and Nise. Descriptive cross-sectional study and multistage sampling technique was adopted and sample size determined using a standard formula. Total of 65 food vendors were sampled. Sterile swab sticks were used to swab the palms, aprons, plates and spoons of the food vendors and the rinse method was used for bacteria isolation. Antibiotics sensitivity test of isolates was carried out using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The bacteria isolates from this study were E. coli 24.41 , S. aureus 21.60 , B. cereus 9.39 , Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15.96 , Serratia marcescens 4.70 , Klebsiella pneumonia 10.56 and Salmonella enterica 13.38 . The bacterial isolates during the course of this study showed wide resistance to conventional antibiotics especially beta-lactams. The findings of this study therefore necessitate the need for sensitization of food vendors and appropriate measures should be established to monitor susceptibility patterns of microorganisms involved as this will help to avoid possible outbreaks. Egbuim, Timothy Chukwudiegwu | Umeh, Sophina Ogonna | Izuegbunam, Lilian Chinenye "Prevalence and Antibiogram of Bacteria Associated with Food Vending in Awka-South LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19174.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/19174/prevalence-and-antibiogram-of-bacteria-associated-with-food-vending-in-awka-south-lga-anambra-state-nigeria/egbuim-timothy-chukwudiegwu
Presented by Sothyra Tum (FAO) to the Progress Meeting on Ecosystem Approaches to the Better Management of Zoonotic Emerging Infectious Diseases in the South East Asian Region, Bangkok, 10-13 December 2011.
One Health – an interdisciplinary approach in combating emerging diseasesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Delia Grace and Jakob Zinsstag at the International Symposium of Health Sciences (iSIHAT 2013), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 20-21 August 2013.
Dr. Brian Lubbers - Animal Agriculture's Contribution to Antibiotic Resistanc...John Blue
Animal Agriculture's Contribution to Antibiotic Resistance - What Should (& Should Not) Be On The Table - Dr. Brian Lubbers, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Director of Clinical Microbiology, from the 2014 NIAA Symposium on Antibiotics Use and Resistance: Moving Forward Through Shared Stewardship, November 12-14, 2014, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-niaa-antibiotics-moving-forward-through-shared-stewardship
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at a meeting on sharing the experiences on the application of One Health approaches in China, Beijing, China, 8-9 August 2013.
Prevalence and Antibiogram of Bacteria Associated with Food Vending in Awka-S...ijtsrd
Food vending is recently a booming part of the food industry and millions of people depend on it for their daily nutritional needs especially because of its easy accessibility. It has become an important public health issue due to widespread food-borne diseases which are leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence and antibiogram assay of bacteria associated with food vending in Awka-South LGA, Anambra State. The randomly selected towns for this study were three towns in Awka- South LGA in Anambra state namely Awka State capital , Mbaukwu and Nise. Descriptive cross-sectional study and multistage sampling technique was adopted and sample size determined using a standard formula. Total of 65 food vendors were sampled. Sterile swab sticks were used to swab the palms, aprons, plates and spoons of the food vendors and the rinse method was used for bacteria isolation. Antibiotics sensitivity test of isolates was carried out using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The bacteria isolates from this study were E. coli 24.41 , S. aureus 21.60 , B. cereus 9.39 , Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15.96 , Serratia marcescens 4.70 , Klebsiella pneumonia 10.56 and Salmonella enterica 13.38 . The bacterial isolates during the course of this study showed wide resistance to conventional antibiotics especially beta-lactams. The findings of this study therefore necessitate the need for sensitization of food vendors and appropriate measures should be established to monitor susceptibility patterns of microorganisms involved as this will help to avoid possible outbreaks. Egbuim, Timothy Chukwudiegwu | Umeh, Sophina Ogonna | Izuegbunam, Lilian Chinenye "Prevalence and Antibiogram of Bacteria Associated with Food Vending in Awka-South LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19174.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/19174/prevalence-and-antibiogram-of-bacteria-associated-with-food-vending-in-awka-south-lga-anambra-state-nigeria/egbuim-timothy-chukwudiegwu
Presented by Sothyra Tum (FAO) to the Progress Meeting on Ecosystem Approaches to the Better Management of Zoonotic Emerging Infectious Diseases in the South East Asian Region, Bangkok, 10-13 December 2011.
One Health – an interdisciplinary approach in combating emerging diseasesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Delia Grace and Jakob Zinsstag at the International Symposium of Health Sciences (iSIHAT 2013), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 20-21 August 2013.
Dr. Brian Lubbers - Animal Agriculture's Contribution to Antibiotic Resistanc...John Blue
Animal Agriculture's Contribution to Antibiotic Resistance - What Should (& Should Not) Be On The Table - Dr. Brian Lubbers, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Director of Clinical Microbiology, from the 2014 NIAA Symposium on Antibiotics Use and Resistance: Moving Forward Through Shared Stewardship, November 12-14, 2014, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-niaa-antibiotics-moving-forward-through-shared-stewardship
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at a meeting on sharing the experiences on the application of One Health approaches in China, Beijing, China, 8-9 August 2013.
Sebastian Hielm: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and global health THL
Mr. Sebastian Hielm, Director of Food Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland, at One Health Security Conference, 14-15 Oct 2019, THL, Helsinki
New faces of tuberculosis: new chellenges requiring new solutionsJean Jacques Bernatas
TB reflects poverty, and while it accompanies Humankind for 70,000 years, this disease presents new faces for which new solutions must be implemented to move towards TB elimination by 2030. Finally a better coordination between all stakeholders is instrumental for winning this fight.
Unusual causes of emergence of antimicrobial drug resistanceBhoj Raj Singh
Overuse and misuse of antibiotics have long been believed to fuel antimicrobial resistance (AMR), but new research shows that simply lowering consumption is not enough. Poor sanitation, corruption and low public health spending have a bigger role in pushing up drug-resistant infections in low- and middle-income countries, including India.
Reversing the Invisible Epidemic of Autoimmune DiseaseDrBonnie360
Now, more than ever before, is the time to address the autoimmune disease epidemic. With the convergence in science, tech, and patient demand, we can begin pieces the autoimmune puzzle together. With emerging tech, platforms and tools can improve care delivery. With your help, we can save millions.
One Health approach to address zoonotic and emerging infectious diseases and ...ILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Hu Suk Lee, Fred Unger, Arshnee Moodley, Eric Fèvre, Barbara Wieland, Bernard Bett, Michel Dione, Edward Okoth, Johanna Lindahl, Sinh Dang-Xuan and Delia Grace at the virtual 2020 Global ODA Forum for Sustainable Agricultural Development 9–10 November 2020.
Identifying the constraints and/or opportunities in a One Health surveillance...ILRI
Poster by Marisa Mitchell, Robyn Alders, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger and Jenny-Ann Toribio presented at the first International Conference on Microbiology and One Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 19-22 September 2018.
Assessing antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use in agricultural food sy...ILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Pham Duc Phuc, Dang Xuan Sinh and Do Van Hoan at a workshop on "Intensifying food systems and health: Emphasis on antimicrobial use in agricultural systems", Jaipur, India, 4–6 April 2018.
Presentation by Fred Unger at a training course for the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) project team, Pampanga, the Philippines, 30-31 July 2014.
Co-infection with Rift Valley fever virus, Brucella spp. and Coxiella burneti...ILRI
Presented by Bernard Bett at the inaugural workshop of a bio-surveillance project on Rift Valley fever, brucellosis and Q fever, Nairobi, Kenya, 3 September 2019.
Presented by Hung Nguyen-Viet and Jakob Zinsstag at a technical workshop of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) regional initiative on One Health, Bangkok, Thailand, 11–13 October 2017.
Sally Curzon from RAU presents her outline PhD proposal on models of disease risk communication for disease control management on English dairy farms with particular focus on approaches to the management of bovine tuberculosis through biosecurity measures
8 Best Differences Between Biotechnology And Bioengineering | Future Educatio...Future Education Magazine
Here are 8 differences of biotechnology and bioengineering: 1. Advancing Medicine and Healthcare 2. Feeding the World 3. Environmental Sustainability 4. Renewable Energy 5. Industrial Applications
Sebastian Hielm: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and global health THL
Mr. Sebastian Hielm, Director of Food Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland, at One Health Security Conference, 14-15 Oct 2019, THL, Helsinki
New faces of tuberculosis: new chellenges requiring new solutionsJean Jacques Bernatas
TB reflects poverty, and while it accompanies Humankind for 70,000 years, this disease presents new faces for which new solutions must be implemented to move towards TB elimination by 2030. Finally a better coordination between all stakeholders is instrumental for winning this fight.
Unusual causes of emergence of antimicrobial drug resistanceBhoj Raj Singh
Overuse and misuse of antibiotics have long been believed to fuel antimicrobial resistance (AMR), but new research shows that simply lowering consumption is not enough. Poor sanitation, corruption and low public health spending have a bigger role in pushing up drug-resistant infections in low- and middle-income countries, including India.
Reversing the Invisible Epidemic of Autoimmune DiseaseDrBonnie360
Now, more than ever before, is the time to address the autoimmune disease epidemic. With the convergence in science, tech, and patient demand, we can begin pieces the autoimmune puzzle together. With emerging tech, platforms and tools can improve care delivery. With your help, we can save millions.
One Health approach to address zoonotic and emerging infectious diseases and ...ILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Hu Suk Lee, Fred Unger, Arshnee Moodley, Eric Fèvre, Barbara Wieland, Bernard Bett, Michel Dione, Edward Okoth, Johanna Lindahl, Sinh Dang-Xuan and Delia Grace at the virtual 2020 Global ODA Forum for Sustainable Agricultural Development 9–10 November 2020.
Identifying the constraints and/or opportunities in a One Health surveillance...ILRI
Poster by Marisa Mitchell, Robyn Alders, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger and Jenny-Ann Toribio presented at the first International Conference on Microbiology and One Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 19-22 September 2018.
Assessing antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use in agricultural food sy...ILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Pham Duc Phuc, Dang Xuan Sinh and Do Van Hoan at a workshop on "Intensifying food systems and health: Emphasis on antimicrobial use in agricultural systems", Jaipur, India, 4–6 April 2018.
Presentation by Fred Unger at a training course for the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) project team, Pampanga, the Philippines, 30-31 July 2014.
Co-infection with Rift Valley fever virus, Brucella spp. and Coxiella burneti...ILRI
Presented by Bernard Bett at the inaugural workshop of a bio-surveillance project on Rift Valley fever, brucellosis and Q fever, Nairobi, Kenya, 3 September 2019.
Presented by Hung Nguyen-Viet and Jakob Zinsstag at a technical workshop of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) regional initiative on One Health, Bangkok, Thailand, 11–13 October 2017.
Sally Curzon from RAU presents her outline PhD proposal on models of disease risk communication for disease control management on English dairy farms with particular focus on approaches to the management of bovine tuberculosis through biosecurity measures
8 Best Differences Between Biotechnology And Bioengineering | Future Educatio...Future Education Magazine
Here are 8 differences of biotechnology and bioengineering: 1. Advancing Medicine and Healthcare 2. Feeding the World 3. Environmental Sustainability 4. Renewable Energy 5. Industrial Applications
Introduction:
In recent years, the healthcare landscape in India has undergone a significant transformation, and at the forefront of this revolution is the rapidly growing telemedicine market. Telemedicine, the use of technology to provide healthcare remotely, has gained immense popularity, especially in a country as vast and diverse as India. This blog explores the dynamics, drivers, challenges, and future prospects of the India telemedicine market.
Market Overview:
The telemedicine market in India has witnessed unprecedented growth, fueled by advancements in technology, increasing internet penetration, and the need for accessible and affordable healthcare services. According to various reports, the market is expected to continue its upward trajectory in the coming years.
Drivers of Telemedicine Growth:
Digital Penetration: The widespread availability of smartphones and internet connectivity has opened doors for telemedicine to reach remote and underserved areas. People in rural and urban areas alike can now access healthcare services with just a few clicks on their smartphones.
COVID-19 Pandemic: The global health crisis acted as a catalyst for the adoption of telemedicine. Social distancing norms and the fear of exposure to the virus prompted a surge in virtual consultations, making telemedicine a mainstream healthcare solution.
Government Initiatives: The Indian government has recognized the potential of telemedicine in improving healthcare accessibility. Initiatives such as the Telemedicine Practice Guidelines and the National Digital Health Mission have laid the foundation for a structured and regulated telehealth ecosystem.
Challenges and Solutions:
Digital Divide: Despite the growth, challenges related to the digital divide persist. Rural areas often face issues such as poor internet connectivity and a lack of digital literacy. Addressing these challenges requires collaborative efforts from the government, private sector, and non-profit organizations.
Data Security Concerns: Patient data security is a critical aspect of telemedicine. Ensuring robust cybersecurity measures, compliance with data protection laws, and creating awareness among users are essential steps in overcoming these concerns.
Regulatory Framework: While the government has taken steps to regulate telemedicine, ongoing efforts are required to refine and adapt the regulatory framework to the evolving nature of the market. Striking a balance between innovation and patient safety is crucial.
Key Players and Platforms:
Several telemedicine platforms have emerged as key players in the Indian market. From established healthcare providers offering virtual consultations to dedicated telehealth startups, the landscape is diverse. Companies like Practo, Apollo 24/7, and Mfine are among those making significant contributions.
Key Companies working on it includes Lybrate, mFine, myUpchar, vHealth, Zoylo Digihealth Pvt. Ltd., TeleVital, DocOnline, MedCords, 1Mg, M16 Labs, Artem Health,
In the intricate tapestry of the global ecosystem, the emergence of infectious diseases has always been a formidable challenge. As we stand on the precipice of the third decade of the 21st century, the specter of emerging infectious diseases looms larger than ever. The world has witnessed the devastating impact of diseases like HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and the H1N1 influenza, underscoring the critical need for a comprehensive understanding of these complex phenomena. In this blog, we will delve into the realm of emerging infectious diseases, exploring their causes, dynamics, and the collective efforts required to address them.
Defining Emerging Infectious Diseases:
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are those that have recently appeared within a population or those whose incidence or geographic range is rapidly increasing. These diseases can be caused by new or previously unidentified infectious agents, the spread of known agents to new populations, or changes in the environment that facilitate disease emergence.
OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION 1
OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION 2
Outbreak Investigation
Introduction
Epidemiology deals with the study of the determinants and distribution of disability or disease in the population groups (Szklo & Nieto, 2014). Epidemiology is one of the core areas in public health study and is essential for the evaluation of the efficacy of the new therapeutic and preventive modalities as well in the new organizational health care delivery patterns. I have for a long time developed a lot of interest in the area towards learning more on finding the causes of diseases and health outcomes in populations. Epidemiology views the individuals collectively, and the community is considered to be patient. The area of public health study is systematic, scientific, and data-driven in analyzing the pattern or frequency of the distributions and the risk factors or causes of specific diseases in the neighborhood, city, school, country, and global levels. Epidemiology handles various areas including environmental exposures, infectious diseases, injuries, non-infectious diseases, natural disasters and terrorism (Szklo & Nieto, 2014). Specifically, this paper explores epidemiology in addressing infectious disease, food-borne illness in the community. Also, the paper examines outbreak investigations as an intervention towards addressing the foodborne illness in the society. Further, an evaluation of the intervention and the expected results are discussed to examine or analyze the contributions of the intervention.
Foodborne Illness
Foodborne illness is any illness that results from food spoilage of the contaminated food. Food can be contaminated by the pathogenic bacteria, contaminated food, parasites, or viruses, as well as natural or chemical toxins including several species of beans, and poisonous mushrooms. In the United States, food-borne illness is estimated to impact negatively over 76 million people annually (Jones, McMillian, Scallan et al., 2007). This is translated to 5,2000 deaths, and 325,000 hospitalizations. However, the true incidence of food-borne illness is unknown. The majority of food-borne illness and most of the deaths are linked to “unknown agents” following the difficulties encountered in the diagnosis a foodborne disease. An estimated $7 billion is lost regarding productivity and medical expenses and is attributed to the most prevalent but diagnosable foodborne illnesses. Comment by Vetter-Smith, Molly J: Reference needed for this statement Comment by Vetter-Smith, Molly J: References needed for these statements
The under diagnosis in foodborne illnesses is further contributed by the majority who has the symptoms and signs of the disease but totally fail to seek medical attention. This circumstance coupled with the global and national distribution of foo.
One Health: A Holistic Approach to Achieving Global Well-beinggreendigital
Introduction:
In an interconnected world where the boundaries between humans, and animals. and the environment blurred. One Health has emerged as a comprehensive approach to addressing complex health challenges. One Health recognizes the intricate connections between the Health of humans and animals. and ecosystems, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts across disciplines to achieve optimal well-being for all. This article delves into the fundamental principles of It, and its historical roots. and its potential to revolutionize the way we approach global Health.
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Understanding One Health:
A- Definition and Scope:
It is an integrative approach that considers the Health of humans, animals. and the environment as interdependent entities. It acknowledges that the Health of one component influences the Health of the others. and disruptions in any of these systems can have far-reaching consequences. This approach goes beyond traditional silos in health management. and embraces a holistic perspective. recognizing the intricate web of connections that shape our Health.
B- Historical Roots:
The roots of the It concept can traced back to ancient civilizations. where the interconnectedness of human and animal health acknowledged. But, the formal recognition of It as a distinct field gained momentum in the late 20th century. The emergence of zoonotic diseases transmitted between animals. and humans highlighted the need for a collaborative approach to disease prevention and control.
Key Principles of One Health:
A- Interdisciplinary Collaboration:
At the heart of It is interdisciplinary collaboration. This principle involves breaking down the traditional barriers between medical, veterinary. and environmental sciences. Professionals from various fields work together to understand the complex dynamics of Health. and to develop effective strategies for prevention, surveillance, and response to emerging threats.
B- Zoonotic Disease Surveillance:
Given the increasing frequency of zoonotic disease outbreaks. It emphasizes surveillance and early detection. Monitoring diseases at the human-animal-environment interface is crucial for identifying potential threats before. they escalate into global pandemics. This proactive approach involves close collaboration between public health agencies. veterinary services, and environmental monitoring bodies.
C- Environmental Stewardship:
It recognizes the impact of environmental degradation on Health. Climate change, deforestation, and pollution can exacerbate the spread of diseases. affect water and food sources, and compromise the well-being of ecosystems. Integrating environmental stewardship into health policies is essential for safeguarding the Health of present and future generations.
Examples of One Health in Action:
A- Pandemic Preparedness:
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of a It approach. The virus, believed to have originated in bats.
Problems such as inaccurate diagnoses and poor drug-adherence pose challenges to individual health and safety. These challenges are now being alleviated with big data analytics using personalized drug regimes, follow-up alerts and real-time diagnosis monitoring.
In this paper, learn how predictive analytics is helping healthcare industry with technologies such as Clinical Decision Support, Medical Text Analysis and Electronic Health Record (EHR).
2nd International Conference on Clinical Microbiology & Microbial Genomics, will be organized around the theme "To Encompass Emerging Trends in Clinical Microbiology".
Microbiology is a branch of biology that deals with organisms too small to be seen without magnification. It is the study of microorganisms, which are organisms such as bacteria, parasites, viruses, yeasts, molds, etc. that are so small they can only be seen using a microscope. Food microbiology is concerned with the effects microbes or organisms can have on the quality and safety of food products. This paper presents a brief introduction on food microbiology. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Tolulope J. Ashaolu | Sarhan M. Musa ""Food Microbiology"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23951.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/food-science/23951/food-microbiology/matthew-n-o-sadiku
The successful of pregnancy in humans and rodents occur between the interaction maternal and fetal
interface, specially involving the participation of uNK cells. This interaction involved neo angiogenesis,
placentation and presence of mediators like nitric oxide. During the pregnancy the administration of LPS
in the dams can results in necrosis, preterm birth, IUGR, miscarriage or neurological problem. Once the
uNK cells are activated, they can produce vasodilators, like NO. So, the main purpose of this study was
to evaluate if LPS cause alteration in the uNK cells in pregnant mice and if the same behaviour can be
detected by NO in the blood. Also we evaluated the effect of LPS to cause neurological injuries. To do that
we used pregnant mice on gd 10th and those was treated with LPS for different times. Uterine samples
were collected at 0.5,1,2 and 6hr after LPS treated and processed for paraffin embedding and tissue
homogenate. The samples designated for paraffin embedding was performed the Dolichos biflorus (DBA)
lectin cytochemistry and anti-iNOS immunocytochemistry. The samples designated to tissue homogenates
were processed for SDS-PAGE and Western-blot using anti-iNOS and evaluate of NO concentration. We
found after 2h LPS exposure the mice showed fever and low capacity to explore different environment.
At the same time, we found increase in the nitrate/nitrito ratio in a dose dependent manner in the uterus
after 2h LPS exposure.
Comparison of Ultrabio HIV DNA PCR and Gag Real-Time PCR Assays for Total Hiv...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Comparison of Ultrabio HIV DNA PCR and Gag Real-Time PCR Assays for Total Hiv-1 DNA Quantification by Tuofu Zhu in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Disinfection of Mycotic Species Isolated from Cases of Bovine Mastitis Showin...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Disinfection of Mycotic Species Isolated from Cases of Bovine Mastitis Showing Antifungal Resistance by Elaine Meade in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Computational Prediction for Antibiotics Resistance Through Machine Learning ...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Computational Prediction for Antibiotics
Resistance Through Machine Learning and Pk/Pd
Analysis by Hyunjo Kim in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alri...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alribat University hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan, 2017 by Mohammed HMN in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Epidemiology of Onychomycosis in Pernambuco, Northeastern of Brazil: Results ...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Epidemiology of Onychomycosis in Pernambuco, Northeastern of Brazil: Results of a Laboratory-Based Survey by Gonçalves de Lima Neto in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alri...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients Attended to Alribat University hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan, 2017 by Leonardo Brantes Bacellar Mendes in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Characterization of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Strains: A Multicenter...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Characterization of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex Strains: A Multicenter Retrospective Greek Study by Lamprini Gkaravela in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Genetic Resistance to Infectious Diseases in the Era of Personalized Medicine...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Genetic Resistance to Infectious Diseases in the Era of Personalized Medicine by Andrei Alimov in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Comments of Clinical and Microbiological Experience with Daptomycin in Chroni...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Comments of Clinical and Microbiological Experience with Daptomycin in Chronic Osteomyelitis Treatment by Marcano-Lozada Marcel in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Established the Environmental Monitoring Program Indicators to Prevent Diseas...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Established the Environmental Monitoring Program Indicators to Prevent Disease Infection and Promote Sustainable Development by Yi-Che Shih in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
The Evaluation of the Speed-Oligo® Mycobacteria Assay for Identification of M...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
The Evaluation of the Speed-Oligo® Mycobacteria Assay for Identification of Mycobacterium spp. from Smear Positive and Negative Sputum Samples by Gülnur Tarhan in ohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.