The document provides an overview of object-oriented programming (OOP), its main concepts, and features such as classes, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It explains various types of loops in programming (for, while, and do-while), recursion, and differences between certain programming concepts like method overloading and overriding. Additionally, it includes examples of C++ code with common errors and their solutions.

1. OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Suman Saikan
Lecturer
Dept. of CSE
Dhaka International University
1
Sunday, June 25, 2023

2. DEFINITION OF OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Object-Oriented Programming or OOPs refers to
languages that use objects in programming. Object-
oriented programming aims to implement real-world
entities like inheritance, hiding, polymorphism, etc
in programming. The main aim of OOP is to bind
together the data and the functions that operate on
them so that no other part of the code can access
this data except that function.
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3. WHAT ARE THE CONCEPTS OF OOP
 Class
 Objects
 Data Abstraction
 Encapsulation
 Inheritance
 Polymorphism
 Dynamic Binding
 Message Passing
Main Features of OOP
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4. COMPARE BETWEEN ABSTRACTION AND ENCAPSULATION
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5. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN STRUCTURE PROGRAMMING AND
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
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6. DESCRIBE DIFFERENT KINDS OF LOOP WITH EXAMPLE
 Loops in programming are used to repeat a block of
code until the specified condition is met. A loop
statement allows programmers to execute a
statement or group of statements multiple times
without repetition of code.
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7. For Loop
for loop in C programming is a repetition control
structure that allows programmers to write a loop
that will be executed a specific number of times.
for loop enables programmers to perform n
number of steps together in a single line.
Syntax:
for (initialize expression; test expression; increment)
{
// // body of for loop // ;
}
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8. While Loop
While loop does not depend upon the number of
iterations. In for loop the number of iterations was
previously known to us but in the While loop, the
execution is terminated on the basis of the test
condition. If the test condition will become false then it
will break from the while loop else body will be
executed.
Syntax:
initialization_expression;
while (test_expression)
{
// body of the while loop update_expression;
}
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9. do-while Loop
The do-while loop is similar to a while loop but the only difference lies in the do-
while loop test condition which is tested at the end of the body. In the do-while
loop, the loop body will execute at least once irrespective of the test condition.
Syntax:
initialization_expression;
do {
// body of do-while loop update_expression;
} while (test_expression);
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10. ILLUSTRATE RECURSION IN STRUCTURE PROGRAMMING
Recursion is the technique of making a function call itself. This
technique provides a way to break complicated problems
down into simple problems which are easier to solve.
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11. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN METHOD OVERLOADING AND
METHOD OVERRIDING
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12. WRITE A C++ PROGRAM TO CALCULATE FACTORIAL OF
ANY INTEGER
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13. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN POST INCREMENT AND
PRE INCREMENT
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14. FIND ERROR AND SOLVE IT IN C++
Problem:
 #include <Iostream>
 int main()
 {
 int a=2;
 if(A>1)

 Cout<<"a is greater than 1")
 return 0;
 }
Solution:
 #include <iostream>
 int main()
 {
 int a=2;
 if(a>1)

 cout<<("a is greater than 1");
 return 0;
 }
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15. EXPLAIN THE OUTPUT OF THIS C++ PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
if (i == 4) {
continue;
}
cout << i << "n";
}
return 0;
} 15

16. WRITE THE OUTPUT OF THIS FOLLOWING CODE
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int y=10;
if(y++>9 && y++!=10 && y++>11)
cout<<y<<endl;
else
cout<<y<< endl;
}
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