QUESTION 1 Prophage is a viral particle that cannot produce phages. O.pdf
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Provide and discuss examples of sequential, conditional, and iterative operations, from everyday life. How do the ways we state these operations in everyday life differ from ways we state these operations them in pseudocode? Solution 1) Sequential Operations are operations that carried out one after the other. Conditional operations are Operations that are carried out based on certain criteria. Iterative Operations are Operations that are carried out Repeatedly. Examples of them in daily Life 1) Sequential Operations are like waking up, Getting ready and going to School. 2) Conditional Operations are like if it is Weekend we do not need to go to school else if it is a weekday then we have to go to school. 3) Iterative Operations are Operations like if we like a food item we will eat until we feel it is heavy. Difference between them from Pseudo Code 1) Sequential are Operations that are carried out timely in daily life but some may not be initialized always whereas in PseudoCode we have to initialize everything. 2) Conditional also needs initialization whereas in daily life we need not initialize. 3) Iterative are Operations that where a sequential flow is followed and in daily life they can start anytime.
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BACTERIOPHAGE.pptx
introduction of bacteriophage , discovery, morphology, structure and life cycle of bacteriophage,
imp. of bacteriophage and other briefly define lytic and lysogenic cycle.
Bacterial transduction (Bacterial genetic recombination)
Introduction, types, explanation of each type, applications.
For 12th, M.Sc, B.Sc students.
Recommended
BACTERIOPHAGE.pptx
introduction of bacteriophage , discovery, morphology, structure and life cycle of bacteriophage,
imp. of bacteriophage and other briefly define lytic and lysogenic cycle.
Bacterial transduction (Bacterial genetic recombination)
Introduction, types, explanation of each type, applications.
For 12th, M.Sc, B.Sc students.
Molecular mechanisms of action of bacteriophages.
Research Proposal: Molecular Mechanisms and lytic action of Bacteriophage.
Molecular mechanisms of action of bacteriophages.
Microbiology assingment.pdf
It is a microbiology topic based on transduction in bacteria, and there is a big role for bacteriophage as it also does it's lytic and lysogenic cycles. It is important on the view of health and medicine
Studying Viruses can be important because they are often disease .pdf
Studying Viruses can be important because they are often disease causing pathogens. Howeve,
because of how easy they are to control and mainpulate in the laboratory, viruses can be good
tools to study basic, fundamental principles of cell and molecular biology. Concisely explain one
example of how viruses were used to make a critical molecular genetics discovery (briefly, how
was the experiment done, and what was concluded?)
Studying Viruses can be important because they are often disease causing pathogens. Howeve,
because of how easy they are to control and mainpulate in the laboratory, viruses can be good
tools to study basic, fundamental principles of cell and molecular biology. Concisely explain one
example of how viruses were used to make a critical molecular genetics discovery (briefly, how
was the experiment done, and what was concluded?)
Solution
Viruses are intracellular parasites that are effective after infecting particular host cells. Viral
infection starts offevolved when proteins on the surface of a virion bind to particular receptor
proteins at the host cells. The specificity of this interaction determines the host range of an
endemic.
Aside from being the causative agents of many sicknesses, viruses are vital gear in cellular
biology research, mainly in research on macromolecular synthesis.
Individual viral particles (virions) usually incorporate both an RNA or a DNA genome,
surrounded via multiple copies of 1 or a small variety of coat proteins, forming the nucleocapsid.
The nucleocapsid of many animal viruses is surrounded with the aid of a phospholipid bilayer, or
envelope.
During lytic replication, host-cell ribosomes and enzymes are used to explicit viral proteins,
which then viral genome and package it into viral coats. The multiple progeny virions produced
within a single infected cellular eventually are launched, following cellular lysis or gradual
disintegration of the cell . Progeny nucleocapsids of enveloped viruses are launched by using
budding of the host-cell membrane in which viral membrane proteins have been deposited.
Some bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) might also go through lysogeny following infection of
host cells. In this situation, the viral genome is incorporated into host-cell chromosomes, forming
a prophage this is replicated along with the host genome. When suitably activated, a prophage
enters the lytic cycle.
All retroviruses and some different animal viruses can combine their genomes into host-cell
chromosomes . In a few instances, this leads to abnormal cell replication and the eventual
improvement of cancers.
Recombinant viruses can be used as vectors to transduce genes into cells. In this method, viral
genes required for the lytic cycle are changed with the aid of other genes. The use of viral
vectors for gene remedy continues to be in its infancy, but has super ability for treatment of
diverse diseases..
VIRUS PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-IIIPart-2Study of morphology, ...
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-IIIPart-2Study of morphology, classification, reproduction/replication and cultivation of Virus. Introduction, Def General characteristics of Viruses: small size characteristic shapes, obligate intracellular parasites no built-in metabolic machinery no ribosomes
only one type of nucleic acid
do not grow in size. Morphology of Virus: Helical, Polyhedral (Icosahedral) Viral Envelop, Complex virus, Classification of virus. Viral Replication LIFE CYCLE OF BACTIRIOPHAGES Lytic cycle: Attachment, Penetration, Biosynthesis, Maturation and Release of progeny Phage Particles. The Lysogenic Cycle, Cultivation of virus : Animal inoculation, Embryonated eggs or chick embryo method and Tissue culture or cell culture: Organ cultures Explant culture and Cell culture. Types of cell culture
1.Primary cell culture: 2. Diploid cell culture (Semi-continuous cell lines):3. Heteroploid cultures (Continuous cell lines):
MULTIPLICATION OF HUMAN VIRUS:1. Attachment of Viral Particles 2. Penetration 3. Uncoating 4. Replication Of Viral Nucleic Acids And Translation Of The Genome 5) Maturation Or Assembly Of Virions. ) 6. Release Of Virions Into The Surrounding Environment
Bacteriophage
definition, structure, types, types of cycle, uses, facts, discovery, phage typing, advantage, disadvantage, difference, etc
Pharmaceutical microbiology
Pharmaceutical microbiology some topic: Bacteriphage, Define lysogeny, lytic cell, lysogenic cycle, prophage,induction and transduction.
MICROBIAL GROWTH, REPRODUCTION AND CONTROL
Microbial growth is defined as an increase in the number of cells. A microbial cell has a lifespan and a species is maintained only as a result of continued growth of its population. Growth is the ultimate process in the life of a cell – one cell becoming two and subsequently leading to an increase in the number in a population of microorganisms.
In microbiology, growth is synonymous to reproduction. This unit examines the term growth, binary fission, the mode of cell division in prokaryotic cells, stages in the growth curve and the mathematics of growth.
Definition of Growth
Growth is defined as an increase in the number of cells in a population of microorganisms. It is an increase in cellular constituents leading to arise in cell number when microorganisms reproduce by processes like binary fission or budding.
The Prokaryotic Cell Cycle
A prokaryotic cell cycle is the complete sequence of events from the formation of a new cell through the next division. Most prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission, budding or fragmentation.
Binary Fission
Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction process. In which a single cell divides into two cells after developing a transverse septum(cross wall).Binary fission is a simple type of cell division and the processes involved are: the cell elongates, replicates its
chromosomes and separates the newly formed DNA molecules so that there is a chromosome in each half of the cell. A septum is formed at mid cell; divide the parent cell into two progeny cells and each having its own chromosome and a copy or complement of other cellular constituents.
Viruses and their genetic system
Bacteriophage is the most common and extensively studied virus. The life cycle of bacteriophages. The transfer of their genetic system via the process of transduction (Generalised and Specialised) and studying the gene mapping in phages. This theoretical explanation about viruses and their genetic system will help the learner in the fields of biotechnology, microbiology, basic science, life science, and various other fields of biology.
Bacteriophage
Viruses that infect bacteria.
Occur widely in nature in close association with bacteria.
Readily isolated from faeces, sewage and other natural sources.
Tadpole shaped, with hexagonal head and a cylindrical tail.
Head consists of a tightly packed core of ds DNA surrounded by a protein coat or capsid.
The tail composed of a contractile sheath surrounding the hollow core
Terminal base plate having prongs or tail fibres attached.
Principles of genetic recombination (Transduction)
Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector.
Write a small program in ARM to Store these values into an array 0.pdf
What are the major uses for artificially synthesized DNA?
a) They are used for DNA sequencing, site-directed mutagenesis, but cannot be used as nucleic
acid hybridization probes for detection of specific DNA or RNA in the samples.
b) They are used as primers for DNA sequencing, site-directed mutagenesis, and as nucleic acid
hybridization probes for detection of specific DNA or RNA in the samples.
c) They are used as primers for DNA sequencing and site-directed mutagenesis only.
a) They are used for DNA sequencing, site-directed mutagenesis, but cannot be used as nucleic
acid hybridization probes for detection of specific DNA or RNA in the samples.
b) They are used as primers for DNA sequencing, site-directed mutagenesis, and as nucleic acid
hybridization probes for detection of specific DNA or RNA in the samples.
c) They are used as primers for DNA sequencing and site-directed mutagenesis only.
Solution
Artificially synthesized DNA in site-directed mutagenesis:
The basic procedure for site-directed mutagenesis requires the synthesis of a short DNA primer,
an artificially synthesized DNA. This synthetic primer contains the desired mutation and is
complementary to the template DNA around the mutation site so it can hybridize with the DNA
in the gene of interest. The mutation may be a single base change (a point mutation), multiple
base changes, deletion, or insertion. The single-strand primer is then extended using a DNA
polymerase, which copies the rest of the gene. The gene thus copied contains the mutated site,
and is then introduced into a host cell as a vector and cloned. Finally, mutants are selected by
DNA sequencing to check that they contain the desired mutation.
Artificially synthesized DNA as primers for DNA sequencing and as nucleic acid hybridization
probes for detection of specific DNA or RNA in the samples:
DNA sequencing can be done by hybridization method that uses a DNA microarray. Unlike
proteins, which have diverse sizes and charges, there is no easy way separate out a specific
sequence of DNA based on its general physical and chemical properties. You cannot chemically
stain for a specific sequence of DNA. In contrast, it is often possible to use a specific stain to
detect a specific protein. Once a DNA sequence is known, the complementary strand can be
synthesized and used to detect the strand of interest in a sample.
A single pool of DNA whose sequence is to be determined is fluorescently labeled and
hybridized to an array containing known sequences, which are artificially synthesized DNA.
Strong hybridization signals from a given spot on the array identifies its sequence in the DNA
being sequenced.
This method of sequencing utilizes binding characteristics of a library of short single stranded
DNA molecules (oligonucleotides), also called DNA probes, which are artificially synthesized
DNA), to reconstruct a target DNA sequence. Non-specific hybrids are removed by washing and
the target DNA is eluted. Hybrids are re-arrang.
Why that partial derivative is zero Why that partial derivative is .pdf
We are going to put $2500 into an account that earns interest at a rate of 12%. If we w ant to
have $4000 in the account when we close it how long should we keep the money in the account
if, we compound interest continuously. We compound interest 6 times a year.
Solution
For compounded interest continuously , the formula of amount is
A= Pert
Where A= amount, P=Principal, r= rate of interest and t=time period
Here Amount ,A= $4000, Principal,P=$2500, Rate of interest,r=12%
Substituting these values in the formula
4000=2500e0.12t
Dividing both sides by 2500
4000/2500=2500e0.12t/2500
1.6= e0.12t
Taking Ln on both sides
Ln 1.6=Ln e0.12t
.47=0.12t
Dividing both sides by 0.12
.47/0.12=0.12t/0.12
3.92=t
Or time,t=3.92.
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Similar to QUESTION 1 Prophage is a viral particle that cannot produce phages. O.pdf
Molecular mechanisms of action of bacteriophages.
Research Proposal: Molecular Mechanisms and lytic action of Bacteriophage.
Molecular mechanisms of action of bacteriophages.
Microbiology assingment.pdf
It is a microbiology topic based on transduction in bacteria, and there is a big role for bacteriophage as it also does it's lytic and lysogenic cycles. It is important on the view of health and medicine
Studying Viruses can be important because they are often disease .pdf
Studying Viruses can be important because they are often disease causing pathogens. Howeve,
because of how easy they are to control and mainpulate in the laboratory, viruses can be good
tools to study basic, fundamental principles of cell and molecular biology. Concisely explain one
example of how viruses were used to make a critical molecular genetics discovery (briefly, how
was the experiment done, and what was concluded?)
Studying Viruses can be important because they are often disease causing pathogens. Howeve,
because of how easy they are to control and mainpulate in the laboratory, viruses can be good
tools to study basic, fundamental principles of cell and molecular biology. Concisely explain one
example of how viruses were used to make a critical molecular genetics discovery (briefly, how
was the experiment done, and what was concluded?)
Solution
Viruses are intracellular parasites that are effective after infecting particular host cells. Viral
infection starts offevolved when proteins on the surface of a virion bind to particular receptor
proteins at the host cells. The specificity of this interaction determines the host range of an
endemic.
Aside from being the causative agents of many sicknesses, viruses are vital gear in cellular
biology research, mainly in research on macromolecular synthesis.
Individual viral particles (virions) usually incorporate both an RNA or a DNA genome,
surrounded via multiple copies of 1 or a small variety of coat proteins, forming the nucleocapsid.
The nucleocapsid of many animal viruses is surrounded with the aid of a phospholipid bilayer, or
envelope.
During lytic replication, host-cell ribosomes and enzymes are used to explicit viral proteins,
which then viral genome and package it into viral coats. The multiple progeny virions produced
within a single infected cellular eventually are launched, following cellular lysis or gradual
disintegration of the cell . Progeny nucleocapsids of enveloped viruses are launched by using
budding of the host-cell membrane in which viral membrane proteins have been deposited.
Some bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) might also go through lysogeny following infection of
host cells. In this situation, the viral genome is incorporated into host-cell chromosomes, forming
a prophage this is replicated along with the host genome. When suitably activated, a prophage
enters the lytic cycle.
All retroviruses and some different animal viruses can combine their genomes into host-cell
chromosomes . In a few instances, this leads to abnormal cell replication and the eventual
improvement of cancers.
Recombinant viruses can be used as vectors to transduce genes into cells. In this method, viral
genes required for the lytic cycle are changed with the aid of other genes. The use of viral
vectors for gene remedy continues to be in its infancy, but has super ability for treatment of
diverse diseases..
VIRUS PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-IIIPart-2Study of morphology, ...
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-IIIPart-2Study of morphology, classification, reproduction/replication and cultivation of Virus. Introduction, Def General characteristics of Viruses: small size characteristic shapes, obligate intracellular parasites no built-in metabolic machinery no ribosomes
only one type of nucleic acid
do not grow in size. Morphology of Virus: Helical, Polyhedral (Icosahedral) Viral Envelop, Complex virus, Classification of virus. Viral Replication LIFE CYCLE OF BACTIRIOPHAGES Lytic cycle: Attachment, Penetration, Biosynthesis, Maturation and Release of progeny Phage Particles. The Lysogenic Cycle, Cultivation of virus : Animal inoculation, Embryonated eggs or chick embryo method and Tissue culture or cell culture: Organ cultures Explant culture and Cell culture. Types of cell culture
1.Primary cell culture: 2. Diploid cell culture (Semi-continuous cell lines):3. Heteroploid cultures (Continuous cell lines):
MULTIPLICATION OF HUMAN VIRUS:1. Attachment of Viral Particles 2. Penetration 3. Uncoating 4. Replication Of Viral Nucleic Acids And Translation Of The Genome 5) Maturation Or Assembly Of Virions. ) 6. Release Of Virions Into The Surrounding Environment
Bacteriophage
definition, structure, types, types of cycle, uses, facts, discovery, phage typing, advantage, disadvantage, difference, etc
Pharmaceutical microbiology
Pharmaceutical microbiology some topic: Bacteriphage, Define lysogeny, lytic cell, lysogenic cycle, prophage,induction and transduction.
MICROBIAL GROWTH, REPRODUCTION AND CONTROL
Microbial growth is defined as an increase in the number of cells. A microbial cell has a lifespan and a species is maintained only as a result of continued growth of its population. Growth is the ultimate process in the life of a cell – one cell becoming two and subsequently leading to an increase in the number in a population of microorganisms.
In microbiology, growth is synonymous to reproduction. This unit examines the term growth, binary fission, the mode of cell division in prokaryotic cells, stages in the growth curve and the mathematics of growth.
Definition of Growth
Growth is defined as an increase in the number of cells in a population of microorganisms. It is an increase in cellular constituents leading to arise in cell number when microorganisms reproduce by processes like binary fission or budding.
The Prokaryotic Cell Cycle
A prokaryotic cell cycle is the complete sequence of events from the formation of a new cell through the next division. Most prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission, budding or fragmentation.
Binary Fission
Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction process. In which a single cell divides into two cells after developing a transverse septum(cross wall).Binary fission is a simple type of cell division and the processes involved are: the cell elongates, replicates its
chromosomes and separates the newly formed DNA molecules so that there is a chromosome in each half of the cell. A septum is formed at mid cell; divide the parent cell into two progeny cells and each having its own chromosome and a copy or complement of other cellular constituents.
Viruses and their genetic system
Bacteriophage is the most common and extensively studied virus. The life cycle of bacteriophages. The transfer of their genetic system via the process of transduction (Generalised and Specialised) and studying the gene mapping in phages. This theoretical explanation about viruses and their genetic system will help the learner in the fields of biotechnology, microbiology, basic science, life science, and various other fields of biology.
Bacteriophage
Viruses that infect bacteria.
Occur widely in nature in close association with bacteria.
Readily isolated from faeces, sewage and other natural sources.
Tadpole shaped, with hexagonal head and a cylindrical tail.
Head consists of a tightly packed core of ds DNA surrounded by a protein coat or capsid.
The tail composed of a contractile sheath surrounding the hollow core
Terminal base plate having prongs or tail fibres attached.
Principles of genetic recombination (Transduction)
Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector.
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Write a small program in ARM to Store these values into an array 0.pdf
What are the major uses for artificially synthesized DNA?
a) They are used for DNA sequencing, site-directed mutagenesis, but cannot be used as nucleic
acid hybridization probes for detection of specific DNA or RNA in the samples.
b) They are used as primers for DNA sequencing, site-directed mutagenesis, and as nucleic acid
hybridization probes for detection of specific DNA or RNA in the samples.
c) They are used as primers for DNA sequencing and site-directed mutagenesis only.
a) They are used for DNA sequencing, site-directed mutagenesis, but cannot be used as nucleic
acid hybridization probes for detection of specific DNA or RNA in the samples.
b) They are used as primers for DNA sequencing, site-directed mutagenesis, and as nucleic acid
hybridization probes for detection of specific DNA or RNA in the samples.
c) They are used as primers for DNA sequencing and site-directed mutagenesis only.
Solution
Artificially synthesized DNA in site-directed mutagenesis:
The basic procedure for site-directed mutagenesis requires the synthesis of a short DNA primer,
an artificially synthesized DNA. This synthetic primer contains the desired mutation and is
complementary to the template DNA around the mutation site so it can hybridize with the DNA
in the gene of interest. The mutation may be a single base change (a point mutation), multiple
base changes, deletion, or insertion. The single-strand primer is then extended using a DNA
polymerase, which copies the rest of the gene. The gene thus copied contains the mutated site,
and is then introduced into a host cell as a vector and cloned. Finally, mutants are selected by
DNA sequencing to check that they contain the desired mutation.
Artificially synthesized DNA as primers for DNA sequencing and as nucleic acid hybridization
probes for detection of specific DNA or RNA in the samples:
DNA sequencing can be done by hybridization method that uses a DNA microarray. Unlike
proteins, which have diverse sizes and charges, there is no easy way separate out a specific
sequence of DNA based on its general physical and chemical properties. You cannot chemically
stain for a specific sequence of DNA. In contrast, it is often possible to use a specific stain to
detect a specific protein. Once a DNA sequence is known, the complementary strand can be
synthesized and used to detect the strand of interest in a sample.
A single pool of DNA whose sequence is to be determined is fluorescently labeled and
hybridized to an array containing known sequences, which are artificially synthesized DNA.
Strong hybridization signals from a given spot on the array identifies its sequence in the DNA
being sequenced.
This method of sequencing utilizes binding characteristics of a library of short single stranded
DNA molecules (oligonucleotides), also called DNA probes, which are artificially synthesized
DNA), to reconstruct a target DNA sequence. Non-specific hybrids are removed by washing and
the target DNA is eluted. Hybrids are re-arrang.
Why that partial derivative is zero Why that partial derivative is .pdf
We are going to put $2500 into an account that earns interest at a rate of 12%. If we w ant to
have $4000 in the account when we close it how long should we keep the money in the account
if, we compound interest continuously. We compound interest 6 times a year.
Solution
For compounded interest continuously , the formula of amount is
A= Pert
Where A= amount, P=Principal, r= rate of interest and t=time period
Here Amount ,A= $4000, Principal,P=$2500, Rate of interest,r=12%
Substituting these values in the formula
4000=2500e0.12t
Dividing both sides by 2500
4000/2500=2500e0.12t/2500
1.6= e0.12t
Taking Ln on both sides
Ln 1.6=Ln e0.12t
.47=0.12t
Dividing both sides by 0.12
.47/0.12=0.12t/0.12
3.92=t
Or time,t=3.92.
Which two gases are the most important for aquatic organisms Wh.pdf
Using the Cash Budget of the ToysRCash Inc store below, would you expect to have a \"clean-
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FlowTotalJanuaryFebuaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecembe
rCOH previous month$ 147,000.00$ 151,500.00$ 105,250.00$ 79,150.00$
74,449.00$ 11,865.94$ (25,572.10)$ (58,106.43)$ 82,407.18$ 100,000.00$
100,000.00$ 199,972.06added LP$ 20,850.00$ 25,551.00$ 88,134.06$
125,572.10$ 158,106.43$ 17,592.82Beging COH$ 147,000.00$ 151,500.00$
105,250.00$ 100,000.00$ 100,000.00$ 100,000.00$ 100,000.00$ 100,000.00$
100,000.00$ 100,000.00$ 100,000.00$ 199,972.06Expected Sales$ 10,000.00$
11,000.00$ 13,000.00$ 11,000.00$ 250,000.00$ 350,000.00$ 450,000.00$
500,000.00$ 365,000.00$ 14,000.00$ 13,000.00$ 13,000.00$
2,000,000.00Collections 30 & 90$ 30,000.00$ 6,500.00$ 7,150.00$
8,450.00$ 7,150.00 $ - $ - $ 162,500.00$ 227,500.00$
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10,350.00$ 11,700.00$ 12,300.00$ 94,650.00$ 122,500.00$ 157,500.00$
337,500.00$ 355,250.00$ 297,400.00$ 329,550.00$ 241,800.00COGS$ 3,000.00$
3,300.00$ 3,900.00$ 3,300.00$ 75,000.00$ 105,000.00$ 135,000.00$
150,000.00$ 109,500.00$ 4,200.00$ 3,900.00$ 3,900.00$
600,000.00Labor$ 3,000.00$ 3,300.00$ 3,900.00$ 3,300.00$ 75,000.00$
105,000.00$ 135,000.00$ 150,000.00$ 109,500.00$ 4,200.00$ 3,900.00$
3,900.00$ 600,000.00Operating Expenses$ 20,000.00$ 20,000.00$ 20,000.00$
20,000.00$ 20,000.00$ 20,000.00$ 20,000.00$ 20,000.00$ 20,000.00$
20,000.00$ 20,000.00$ 20,000.00$ 240,000.00Fixed Asset Purchase$
30,000.00$ 30,000.00PP$ 10,000.00$ 10,000.00$ 10,000.00$ 10,000.00$
10,000.00$ 10,000.00$ 10,000.00$ 10,000.00$ 10,000.00$ 10,000.00$
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25,092.82$ 26,148.38$ 21,342.29$ 7,082.82$ 107,379.91Pay Back on ST$
80,101.62$ 237,657.71$ 118,047.08Total of Expenses$ 26,000.00$ 56,600.00$
37,800.00$ 37,851.00$ 182,784.06$ 248,072.10$ 315,606.43$ 355,092.82$
355,250.00$ 297,400.00$ 162,929.90$ 37,800.00Before Taxes$ 7,500.00$
(46,250.00)$ (26,100.00)$ (25,551.00)$ (88,134.06)$ (125,572.10)$ (158,106.43)$
(17,592.82) $ (0.00) $ 0.00$ 166,620.10$ 204,000.00Tax paid$
3,000.00 $ (0.00) $ 0.00$ 66,648.04$ 81,600.00Net Profit$
4,500.00$ (46,250.00)$ (26,100.00)$ (25,551.00)$ (88,134.06)$ (125,572.10)$
(158,106.43)$ (17,592.82) $ (0.00) $ 0.00$ 99,972.06$
122,400.00Ending Cash$ 151,500.00$ 105,250.00$ 79,150.00$ 74,449.00$
11,865.94$ (25,572.10)$ (58,106.43)$ 82,407.18$ 100,000.00$ 100,000.00$
199,972.06$ 322,372.06Minimum ending Cash$ 100,000.00$ 100,000.00$ 100,000.00$
100,000.00$ 100,000.00$ 100,000.00$ 100,000.00$ 100,000.00$ 100,000.00$
100,000.00$ 100,000.00$ 100,000.00Over/Short$ 51,500.00$ 5,250.00$
(20,850.00)$ (25,551.00)$ (88,134.06)$ (125,572.10)$ (158,106.43)$ (17,592.82)
$ (0.00) $ (0.00)$ 99,972.06$ 222,372.06Cummulative ST$
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Solution
Based on the analysis of t.
Which cells of the pancreas are the endocrine cells How were you ab.pdf
Use MPI to implement a hypercube communication template (hint see attached)
Solution
Answering without hint. using example scenario
write a parallel program for adding n numbers on a p processor HyperCube.
Assume that n = a * (p log p)where a is suitable integer constant. Draw theoretical conclusions
about the the cost optimality, efficiency, and scalability of parallel system for different values of
n and p . The program should automatically handle efficient partitioning the input numbers and
implement the algorithm with minimum amount of communication One can generate the initial
input n/p numbers on every processor by knowing the values n (= p logp) on a p processor
hypercube. Print the result on master processor whose task id is 0.
Let the dimension of your target machine be four, giving total of 16 nodes (processors) in your
HyperCube on PARAM 10000. The input n (n = p log p) integers are partitioned among p (p=n)
processors such that every processor gets equal number of integer values. In fact, for data, let
each processor generates corresponding integer values such as n(=p log p) processors.
Print the result of adding n integers , followed by task id ( process id number ) followed by the
name of the host machine on the master node with task id 0..
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True or False e) A type I error occurs when the test statistic falls in the rejection region of the
test. f) In testing a hypothesis, when the difference between the hypothesized mean and the
actual mean (shift from mu o to mu a) is increased, the power of the test will decrease. g) In
testing a hypothesis, when the standard deviation is decreased, the power of the test will
decrease.
Solution
e) Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis rejected when it is actually true, thus the given
statement is false.
f)In testing hypothesis if the difference between hypothesized mean and the actual mean
increases the power also increases. Thus, the given statement is true.
g)Power of a test is not affected by standard deviation, thus the given statement is false..
What are three types of Why are fossils important to scientists.pdf
Training
Major Bill Bligh, Director of the Army War College’s new six-month attaché training program,
is concerned about how the 20 officers taking the course spend their time while in his charge.
Major Bligh recognizes that there are 168 hours per week and thinks his students have been
using them rather inefficiently.
Bligh lets:
X1 = number of hours of sleep needed per week
X2 = number of personal hours
X3 = number of hours of class and studying
X4 = number of hours of social time off base
He thinks that students should study 30 hours a week to have time to absorb the material. This is
his most important goal. Bligh feels that students need at most 7 hours of sleep per night on
average and that this goal is number 2. He believes that goal number 3 is to provide at least 20
hours per week of social time.
Formulate this goal programming problem
Solve with the software (lindo or excel) of your choice.
Solution
Total hours x= 168 hours è 7days
X = 1 week = 168 hours = 7 days + 7 nights
X1 = number of hours of sleep needed per week
Based on goal number 2 students need at most 7 hours of sleep per night on average
So,
X1=7*7 = 49 Hours per week
X3 = number of hours of class and studying
30 hours a week to have time to absorb the material
X3 = 30 hours per week
X4 = number of hours of social time off base
that goal number 3 is to provide at least 20 hours per week of social time.
X4 = 20 hours per week
X2 = number of personal hours
69
X1+X2+ X1+X2 = X
X=168
X1=49
X2=?
X3=30
X4=20
X2 = x-(X1+X2+X3)
X2 = 168-(49+30+20);
X2 = 168-99;
X2 = 99
MAX 2 X4 + S5
ST
X1 + S1 = 168
S1- 0.5 X1 - X2 - S2 = 0
2 X1 + S2 - 0.5 X2 - X3 - S3 = 0
2 X2 + S3 - 0.5 X3 - X4 - S4 = 0
2 X3 + S4 - 0.5 X4 - S5 = 0
END.
This is a nursing informatics question...What is “Meaningful Use”,.pdf
The Miami Central Hotel has 420 rooms. Every day, the housekeepers clean any room that was
occupied the night before. If a guest is checking out of the hotel, the housekeepers give the room
a thorough cleaning to get it ready for the next guest. This takes 25 minutes. If a guest is staying
another night, the housekeeper only “refreshes” the room, which takes 20 minutes.
Each day, each housekeeper reports for her 6- hour shift, then prepares her cart. She pushes the
cart to her floor and begins work. She usually has to restock the cart once per day; then she
pushes it back to the storeroom at the end of the day and delivers dirty laundry, etc. Here is a
timetable:
1) Arrive at work and stock cart (0.10 hrs).
2) Push cart to floor (0.10 hrs).
3) Take morning break (0.33 hrs).
4) Stop for lunch (0.50 hrs).
5) Restock cart (0.30 hrs).
6) Take afternoon break (0.33 hrs).
7) Push cart back to laundry and store items (0.33 hrs).
Last night, the hotel was full (all 420 rooms were occupied). People are checking out of 200
rooms. Their rooms will need to be thoroughly cleaned. The other 200 rooms will need to be
refreshed.
a) How many minutes per day of actual room cleaning can each housekeeper do?
b) Based on the given occupancy and the guests, checking out , the total number of minutes of
room cleaning required by Miami Central Hotel today is _____ minutes (enter as a whole
number)
c) The number of housekeepers that are needed today to perform the room cleaning is ____
housekeeper (round response next whole number)
d) The number of housekeepers that would be needed by the hotel for perfroming thorough
cleaning of all rooms (assuming that all guests check out) is ____ housekeepers (round response
to next whole number)
Solution
a)
1)Arrive at work and stock cart (0.10 hrs).
2) Push cart to floor (0.10 hrs).
3) Take morning break (0.33 hrs).
4) Stop for lunch (0.50 hrs).
5) Restock cart (0.30 hrs).
6) Take afternoon break (0.33 hrs).
7) Push cart back to laundry and store items (0.33 hrs)
adding all thhis we will get 199 minutes taken by each housekeeper in all this
its a 6 hours shift which means 360 minutes
so actual cleaning per day id for 360-199 = 161 minutes
b) 200*20 + 220*25 = 9500 minutes
c)201 actual minute of ckeaning is done by one
which means taking 20 minutes 10 rooms can be done
and taking 25 minutes 8 rooms can be done.
200/8+ 220/10 = 25+22 = 47 housekeeper
d)assuming all check outs of 420 rooms
one housekeepr do 8 rooms
420/8 = 53.
The population of a southern city follows the exponential law. If th.pdf
The enzyme fumarase catalyzes the reaction fumarate + H_2O rightarrow malate. The turnover
number for this enzyme and substrate is 800 per minute. How long would it take one molecule of
fumarase to produce 7130 product molecules? Ans: min
Solution
turnover number(also termed kcat) is defined as the maximum number of chemical conversions
of substrate molecules per second that a single catalytic site will execute for a given enzyme
concentration
Ans . 8.915
in 1 min turnover number is 800 then to form 7130 product molecule it will
7130/800= 8.915 min.
Suppose the tree diagram below represents all the students in a high .pdf
Subtract and simplify, if possible. 11/12 - 4/15 Perform the operation and simplify, if possible.
58/21m - 33/21m Perform the operation and simplify, if possible. Perform the operation and
simplify, if possible. -1/16 - (-5/16) Perform the operation and simplify, if possible. Perform
the operation and simplify, if possible.
Solution
14) 11/12 - 4/15 = (55-16)/60 = 39/70 = 13/20
17) -1/16 -(-5/16) = -1/16 + 5/16 = 4/16 = 1/16
Please upload rest questions in clear image to make it answerable...thankyou.
Select all the functions below that are the primary responsibilities .pdf
Roll a fair 4-sided dice twice. If A=first roll and B=second roll, then let X=the min(A,B) and Y =
|A-B|.
a) Give the joint distribution
b) Find Cov(X,Y)
Solution
a) Joint Distribution:
(A,B)---->(X,Y)
(1,1)---->(1 ,0)
(1,2)---->(1,1)
(1,3)---->(1,2)
(1,4)---->(1,3)
(2,1)---->(1,1)
(2,2)---->(2,0)
(2,3)---->(2,1)
(2,4)---->(2,2)
(3,1)---->(1,2)
(3,2)---->(2,1)
(3,3)---->(3,0)
(3,4)---->(3,1)
(4,1)---->(1,3)
(4,2)---->(2,2)
(4,3)---->(3,1)
(4,4)---->(4,0)
b)
Cov (X,Y)= E(XY) -E(X)E(Y)
E(X) = 30 /16 ( Summation X =30)
E(Y) = 20/16 (Summation Y=20)
E(XY) = 30/16 (Summation XY =30)
Therefore, Cov (X,Y) = 30/16 - ( 30/16 * 20/16) = - 0.4687 ( Negative Correlation ) Answer.
Philosophy questionExplain the principle known as Ockhams Razor..pdf
Part II – Research
Dr. Siddiqui tells Angela that her test results will be back in a few days and that she will give her
a call when she knows something. You go home and do some research on various thyroid
conditions so that you’ll have a good idea of what is going on with Angela. You find information
on hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, goiter, Graves’ Disease, iodine deficiency (primary
hypothyroidism), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and various tumors. You make a chart to help yourself
sort out the different disorders.
Questions
3. Describe hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. List at least three symptoms of each.
4. What is a goiter?
5. Please fill out the chart below. Record whether the hormone levels are expected to be high,
low, or either. For antibody/immunoglobulins and goiter, answer yes, no, or possible. (The
antibodies and immunoglobulins in question are those specific to the thyroid disorder.)
Primaryhypothyroidism (iodine deficiency)
Graves’Disease
Hashimoto’s
Disease
TRH-secretingtumor
TSH-secretingtumor
TRH-suppressingtumor
TSH-suppressingtumor
TRHlevels
TSHlevels
T3and T4levels
Antibodies or immunoglobulins present?
Goiterpresent?
Ispatient hyper- or hypothyroid?
6. Use the chart below to record whether the hormone levels are expected to be high, low, or
either. For antibody/
immunoglobulin and goiter, answer yes, no, or possible.
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
TSHlevels
T3and T4levels
Antibodies or immunoglobulins?
Goiterpresent?
7. If you gave a person with primary hypothyroidism (iodine deficiency) an injection of TSH
would T3 and T4
levels increase? Why or why not?
8. Some patients with HPT axis problems develop a goiter. Describe two different
scenarios/conditions in which a goiter would be present and explain physiologically why/how the
goiter occurs within each scenario/condition. Make sure to include axis feedback in your answer.
Part III – Test Results
Angela’s test results come back and Dr. Siddiqui gives you a copy to look over. Please use the
data below and the initial information about Angela to answer the following questions.
A. Barber – Test Results
Test
Result
Normal Range
Serum thyroxine (T4)(ug/dl)
1.8
4.6-12
Thyrotropin(TSH)(IU/mL)
0.3
0.5-6
TPOand Tg antibodies
Normal
Normal
TSI(immunoglobulins)
Normal
Normal
Serum Triiodothyronine (T3) (ng/dl)
57
80-180
BloodPressure
98/60
90-120/60-80
Hematocrit(%)
39
36-45
Hemoglobin (g/100 ml blood)
12.9
11-14
Glucose(mg/dl)
102
70-110
Sodium (mmol/L)
136
135-145
Potassium(mmol/L)
4.5
3.5-5.0
Questions
9. Are any of Angela’s values outside the normal range? If so, which ones, and are they high or
low?
10. Is Angela’s thyroid axis functioning properly? If not, does she have symptoms consistent
with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism?
Part IV – Diagnosis
Questions
11. Dr. Siddiqui asks you what you think is wrong with Angela. What is your diagnosis? (Note:
do not simply say hyper- or hypothyroidism; that portion of the question was already answered
above.)
12. Angela does not hav.
Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that do not have a cell wall. Woul.pdf
Mosquitoes resistant to the pesticide DDT first appeared in India in 1959, but now are found
throughout the world. Graph the data in the table below. Examine the graph, hypothesize why the
percentage of mosquitoes resistant to DDT rose rapidly. Suggest an explanation for the global
spread of DDT resistance.
Solution
DDT is an effective broad spectrum insecticide. However, since it is persistant in nature and does
not degrade easily, its use is banned in many countries like US. Malarial outbreaks spread by
infected mosquitoes are controlled by spraying DDT in the affected areas. DDT sprays are lethal
to the mosquitoes in general and immediately declines their growing populations. However,
mosquitoes have a short life cycle, they are rapidly multiplying populations. Thus they can
undergo beneficial mutations at a faster rate and can quickly develop resistance to the attack of
insecticides such as DDT. It is always easier for a species with shorter life span to aquire genetic
changes and develop resistance to the changing environment.
DDT-resistant mosquitoes which may occur at very low frequency are naturally selected for
survival than to DDT-sensitive populations. Thus the given graph shows an exponential increase
in the population of DDT resistant mosquitoes..
LinguisticsExercise 1. For each pair of sentences X and Y below, s.pdf
Let T: P_3 rightarrow P_3 be the linear transformation satisfying T(1) = 2x^2 -4, T(x) = 2x + 9,
T(x^2) = -5x^2 + x - 7. Find the image of an arbitrary quadratic polynomial ax2^ + bx + c.
T(ax^2 +bx + c) =.
Solution
T(ax² + bx + c) = aT(x²) + bT(x) + cT(1)
=a(-5x^2 +x-7) +b(2x+9) +c(2x^2 -4)
=(-5a+2c)x^2 +x(a+2b)+(-7a +9b -4c).
A department at a university plans to recruit a new faculty member. T.pdf
A department at a university plans to recruit a new faculty member. The 410 applications
yielded the following information. A candidate is picked at random and let event A be that the
candidate is female and let event8 be that the candidate has 5 or more years of teaching
experience. Calculate the following: Are the events A and B mutually exclusive? Justify your
answer Are the events A and B independent? Justify your answer.
Solution.
Informal financial institutions and its system are important in serv.pdf
in the North and $15.000 in tw South Meyer Coporeion reported & net operaing income of
$52.000 The varable cos for the Souh aree sere O $20 O$225,000 O $18000 O $20000
Solution
first question and second question is same given and answer =
225000SouthAmountaContribution margin10%bContribution amount 25,000.00c=
b/aSales2,50,000.00d= c-bVariable costs2,25,000.00.
How to get pure culture from mixed sampleHow to get pure culture.pdf
How many different samples of size n = 2 can be selected from this population if you sample
without replacement?
Please help, thank you!
Solution
the population contains four elements: 6,2,5,4
the sample size is n=2. the sample is drawn by without replacement.
so from 4 elements we can select 2 elements in 4C2 ways.
a) number of different samples: 4C2=6 [answer]
b)the possible samples are-
(2,4) (2,5) (2,6) (4,5) (4,6) (5,6)
c) the sample means are [ for (a,b) xbar=(a+b)/2 ]
for (2,4) xbar=3
(2,5) xbar=3.5
(2,6) xbar=4
(4,5) xbar=4.5
(4,6) xbar=5
(5,6) xbar=5.5
d) as the sample is drawn using simple random sampling without replacement. all the samples
are equally likely.
hence the sampling distribution of xbar is
option d) p(xbar)=1/6 for all values of xbar=
d) the correct histogram is option b) [top right]
because it has bars for all the values of xbar=3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5 with equal length.
e) population mean mu= (6+2+4+5)/4=4.25
f) none of the samples produce a value of xbar equal to mu..
How does insulin binding activate the insulin receptor List the ste.pdf
How can an organization\'s ability to pay be determined and what impact would that information
have on pay level decisions?
Solution
There are four key elements in Developing Pay Levels:
For all them is needed information. Pay levels and Job structure go together, to develop pay
levels is required external information, which ones are current market salaries? and to update
organizational pay levels with respect the market trend to keep talented people aboard. It is a
constant research effort to collecting information.
In the same way, job structure is a research effort too, but it is internal, it is about to be well-
informed of job descriptions and to promote internal equity, it is collecting information too..
Given the tree what morphological characteristics do you expect to b.pdf
GIven an example of a random variable foe wich it is reasonable to expect that the mean is
greater than median. justify your answers
Solution
Notice that in this example, the mean is greater than the median. This is common for a
distribution that is skewed to the right (that is, bunched up toward the left and with a \"tail\"
stretching toward the right)..
Explain, in your own words, the concept of cloud computing. Do you b.pdf
Explain the intercellular junctions found on the lateral surface of an epithelial cell starting from
the apical pole and progressing to the basal pole of the cell. How is the terminal bar seen on a
light microscope related?
Solution
Epithelia are tissues composed of closely aggregated cells that cover most body surfaces,
cavities, and tubes. Surface epithelia form continuous sheets that can have one or multiple cell
layers. Several different types of cell junctions mediate physical strength and cell communication
within the epithelium. A basement membrane lies beneath the epithelium and separates it from
underlying tissue; because blood vessels do not penetrate the basement membrane, nutrients like
oxygen and metabolites reach the epithelium by diffusion. Epithelia are polarized, with an apical
surface that faces the external environment and a basal surface that faces the basement
membrane. Microvilli are small processes that project from the apical surface of most types of
epithelial cells, greatly increasing the surface area. They are notably found at the intestinal brush
border and in the proximal convoluted tubule of the kidney. Stereocilia are unusually long, non-
motile microvilli that are found on the surface epithelium in the epididymis and ductus deferens.
Cilia are actively motile processes with a complex internal structure found on the epithelial
lining of the respiratory tract and the female reproductive tract. The basement membrane, a thin
non-cellular layer, intervenes between the epithelium and the connective tissue. This membrane
is 30 to 60 nanometers thick and made up of collagenous and non-collagenous glycoproteins and
proteoglycans. It provides structural support for the epithelium and serves as a selective barrier
for the movement of materials to and from the supporting tissue. Using light microscopy,
terminar bar appears as a bar at the apical surface of the cell, wherein the structures listed cannot
be resolved. With electron microscopy, the terminal bar can be visually disseminated into these
structures. The terminal bar is located on the lateral surface of epithelial cells, where the lateral
surface meets the apical surface. It should not be confused with the Terminal web, which is an
actinous web underlying microvilli on specialized epithelial cells.
Explain the intercellular junctions found on the lateral surface of .pdf
Exercise 16-23 Recording overhead costs LO P3 Prepare journal entries to record the following
production activities. 1. Paid overhead costs (other than indirect materials and indirect labor) of
$20,000 2, Applied overhead at 90% of direct labor costs. Direct labor costs were $57,000. View
transaction list Journal entry worksheet Record overhead costs paid. Note: Enter debits before
credits. Transaction General Journal Debit Credit Record entry Clear entry View general journal
Solution
Journal entry :Dateaccounts & explanationdebitcredit1.Manufacturing overhead a/c20000 Cash
a/c20000(To record overhead cost paid)2.Work in process a/c51300 Manufacturing overhead
a/c (57000*90%)51300(To record manufacturing overhead applied).
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
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Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
Child centred education is an educational approach that priorities the interest, needs and abilities of the child in the learning process.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptx
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
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QUESTION 1 Prophage is a viral particle that cannot produce phages. O.pdf
- 1. QUESTION 1 Prophage is a viral particle that cannot produce phages. O True O False QUESTION 2 Transduction can happen via O lytic cycle O lysogenic cycle O both lytic and lysogenic cycles O none of the above QUESTION 3 In the generalized transduction, any region of bacterial genes can be transferred. O True False Solution 1. Prophage is a viral particle that cannot produce phages.FALSE: A prophage is when the genome of a bacteriophage has been inserted into a bacterium's genome, able produce phages when activated. 2. Transduction can happen viaboth lytic and lysogenic cycles. In the lysogenic cycle, the bacteriophage's genetic material is integrated into the bacterial genome and remains dormant until activation to initiate the lytic cycle. In the lytic cycle, the phages are produced and lysis of the host happens straight away. 3.In generalized transduction, any bacterial genes can be transferred.TRUE: In generalized transduction, the bacterial chromosome is broken down into fragments in the lytic process which can get packaged within the phage. 4. Therearetwo life cycle invirus. In thelysogeniccycle, the phage DNA is incorporated into host cell genome. Explained in question 2. 5. Transduction is an artificial method of gene transfer in bacteria.FALSE: Transduction occurs naturally, as is when a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) transfers its genetic information in bacteria. 6. Virus cycle that involves cell lysis is called thelyticcycle. The lytic cycle is found in viruses that don't need any kind of signal to start cell lysis just right after the bacteriophage has reproduced inside the cell. 7.Virusescan reproduce themselves and they don't need a host cell to multiply.FALSE: Viruses don't have all the necessary biomolecules to replicate its own DNA or produce its structural proteins. 8. In lysogenic cycle, phages can only maintain in a repressed state, they can't reproduce or get released.TRUE: In this cycle, the phage genome is inserted into the bacterial genome and remains dormant, only duplicated every cell division, but the parts to form the phages are not reproduced and don't get released until an activation signal. 9. Transduction occurs when bacteriophage transfersviralgene to a bacterial host.FALSE. Transduction occurs when a virus transfers foreign DNA into a host cell, like when a bacteriophage transfers bacterial DNA (from another bacterium) to a bacterial host. 10. Transduction occurs when there is an error in filling viral DNA in viral head. When not only
- 2. viral DNA but also bacterial DNA is packed in the viral head transduction occurs.