This document provides an introduction to quantum computing using the quantum circuit model. It explains that quantum computers exploit quantum physics laws to potentially solve problems faster than classical computers. The document outlines the quantum circuit model and how it represents quantum bits (qubits) as vectors and operations as matrices. It introduces concepts like qubit superposition and entanglement. The document uses the Deutsch algorithm example to illustrate how a quantum computer can solve a problem in one query versus two for a classical computer. It concludes with discussing further topics like quantum teleportation and goals for continued learning.
Qiskit is an open source framework of Quantum Computing. It provides tools for creating and manipulating quantum programs and running them on prototype quantum devices on IBM Q Experience or on simulators on a local computer.
Qiskit is an open source framework of Quantum Computing. It provides tools for creating and manipulating quantum programs and running them on prototype quantum devices on IBM Q Experience or on simulators on a local computer.
How Olympus Controls Automates Predictive Maintenance with Telit, MQTT and In...InfluxData
Olympus Controls specializes in simplifying the integration of motion control, machine vision, and robotic technologies through better automation. They partner with their clients from creation to implementation, and nearly half of the Fortune 100 use Olympus Controls to improve manufacturing plants and factories. Discover how Olympus Controls uses a time series database to collect and analyze industrial sensor data, which is ultimately used to increase their customers' competitive advantage.
Join this webinar to learn as Nick Armenta dives into:
· Olympus Controls' strategy to developing hardware and software used to improved IIoT monitoring
· How they use Telit and MQTT to reduce siloed manufacturing operations, including monitoring robotic arms (i.e. vibration and temperature)
· Their approach to developing IoT analysis using InfluxDB, Telegraf and Flux
A file on Quantum Computing for people with least knowledge about physics, electronics, computers and programming. Perfect for people with management backgrounds. Covers understandable details about the topic.
Quantum Computers are the future and this manual explains the topic in the best possible way.
Quantum Computing: Welcome to the FutureVernBrownell
Vern Brownell, CEO at D-Wave Systems, shares his thoughts on Quantum Computing in this presentation, which he delivered at Compute Midwest in November 2014. He addresses big questions that include: What is a quantum computer? How do you build one? Why does it matter? What does the future hold for quantum computing?
Quantum computing is the computing which uses the laws of quantum mechanics to process information. Quantum computer works on qubits, which stands for "Quantum Bits".
With quantum computers, factoring of prime numbers are possible.
Quantum computers are incredibly powerful machines that take a new approach to processing information. Built on the principles of quantum mechanics, they exploit complex and fascinating laws of nature that are always there, but usually remain hidden from view. By harnessing such natural behavior, quantum computing can run new types of algorithms to process information more holistically. They may one day lead to revolutionary breakthroughs in materials and drug discovery, the optimization of complex manmade systems, and artificial intelligence. We expect them to open doors that we once thought would remain locked indefinitely. Acquaint yourself with the strange and exciting world of quantum computing.
How Olympus Controls Automates Predictive Maintenance with Telit, MQTT and In...InfluxData
Olympus Controls specializes in simplifying the integration of motion control, machine vision, and robotic technologies through better automation. They partner with their clients from creation to implementation, and nearly half of the Fortune 100 use Olympus Controls to improve manufacturing plants and factories. Discover how Olympus Controls uses a time series database to collect and analyze industrial sensor data, which is ultimately used to increase their customers' competitive advantage.
Join this webinar to learn as Nick Armenta dives into:
· Olympus Controls' strategy to developing hardware and software used to improved IIoT monitoring
· How they use Telit and MQTT to reduce siloed manufacturing operations, including monitoring robotic arms (i.e. vibration and temperature)
· Their approach to developing IoT analysis using InfluxDB, Telegraf and Flux
A file on Quantum Computing for people with least knowledge about physics, electronics, computers and programming. Perfect for people with management backgrounds. Covers understandable details about the topic.
Quantum Computers are the future and this manual explains the topic in the best possible way.
Quantum Computing: Welcome to the FutureVernBrownell
Vern Brownell, CEO at D-Wave Systems, shares his thoughts on Quantum Computing in this presentation, which he delivered at Compute Midwest in November 2014. He addresses big questions that include: What is a quantum computer? How do you build one? Why does it matter? What does the future hold for quantum computing?
Quantum computing is the computing which uses the laws of quantum mechanics to process information. Quantum computer works on qubits, which stands for "Quantum Bits".
With quantum computers, factoring of prime numbers are possible.
Quantum computers are incredibly powerful machines that take a new approach to processing information. Built on the principles of quantum mechanics, they exploit complex and fascinating laws of nature that are always there, but usually remain hidden from view. By harnessing such natural behavior, quantum computing can run new types of algorithms to process information more holistically. They may one day lead to revolutionary breakthroughs in materials and drug discovery, the optimization of complex manmade systems, and artificial intelligence. We expect them to open doors that we once thought would remain locked indefinitely. Acquaint yourself with the strange and exciting world of quantum computing.
The basics of quantum computing, associated mathematics, DJ algorithms and coding details are covered.
These slides are used in my videos https://youtu.be/6o2jh25lrmI, https://youtu.be/Wj73E4pObRk, https://youtu.be/OkFkSXfGawQ and https://youtu.be/OkFkSXfGawQ
Descripcion about IBM quantum experience. In this presentation I introduce the IBM Tools for quantum programming. Also it serves as a general introduction to Quantum Computing
This presentation is about quantum computing.which going to be new technological concept for computer operating system.In this subject the research is going on.
Quantum Computing 101, Part 1 - Hello Quantum WorldAaronTurner9
This is the first part of a blog series on quantum computing, broadly derived from CERN’s Practical introduction to quantum computing video series, Michael Nielson’s Quantum computing for the determined video series, and the following (widely regarded as definitive) references:
• [Hidary] Quantum Computing: An Applied Approach
• [Nielsen & Chuang] Quantum Computing and Quantum Information [a.k.a. “Mike & Ike”]
• [Yanofsky & Mannucci] Quantum Computing for Computer Scientists
My objective is to keep the mathematics to an absolute minimum (albeit not quite zero), in order to engender an intuitive understanding. You can think it as a quantum computing cheat sheet.
In this deck from the Argonne Training Program on Extreme-Scale Computing 2019, Jonathan Baker from the University of Chicago presents: Quantum Computing: The Why and How.
"Jonathan Baker is a second year Ph.D student at The University of Chicago advised by Fred Chong. He is studying quantum architectures, specifically how to map quantum algorithms more efficiently to near term devices. Additionally, he is interested in multivalued logic and taking advantage of quantum computing’s natural access to higher order states and using these states to make computation more efficient. Prior to beginning his Ph.D., he studied at the University of Notre Dame where he obtained a B.S. of Engineering in computer science and a B.S. in Chemistry and Mathematics."
Watch the video: https://wp.me/p3RLHQ-l1i
Learn more: https://extremecomputingtraining.anl.gov/
Sign up for our insideHPC Newsletter: http://insidehpc.com/newsletter
La présentation introduira les principes de fonctionnement des ordinateurs quantiques, la conception de portes logiques et d'algorithmes quantiques simples puis leur exécution sur une véritable puce quantique optoélectronique de l'université de Bristol. Les premiers ordinateurs quantiques sont donc une réalité. Plusieurs attaques et leurs impacts sur les cryptosystèmes symétriques et asymétriques actuels sont analysés et différentes alternatives sont proposées pour être utilisées dans le futur. Les participants sont encouragés à participer avec leur ordinateur portable pour mettre en pratique les exemples abordés.
Quantum computing - A Compilation of ConceptsGokul Alex
Excerpts of the Talk Delivered at the 'Bio-Inspired Computing' Workshop conducted by Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
Quantum computing for CS students: the unitary circuit model
1. Quantum Computing
for CS students: the
unitary circuit model
Bruno FEDRICI, PhD
21/05/19 – EPITECH Lyon
2. What does it mean to compute ?
Church-Turing thesis: Any algorithmic process can be simulated
efficiently using a Turing machine
Deutsch (1985): Can we justify C-T thesis using laws of physics ?
Quantum mechanical processes seems to be very hard to
simulate on a classical computer
Might it be that computers exploiting quantum physics laws
are not efficiently simulatable on a Turing machine ?
(Violation of C-T thesis !)
Candidate universal computer: quantum computer
3. What does it mean to compute ?
Church-Turing-Deutsch principle: Any physical process can be
efficiently simulated on a universal quantum computer
4. Models of quantum computation
A more convenient model is
the quantum circuit model
(QCircuits). This model is
mathematically equivalent to
the QTM model, but the
former is better suited for
algebraic problems than the
latter.
There are also many other
interesting alternate models
of quantum computation
(see Figure 2).
Historically, the first model of quantum computation was the
quantum Turing machine (QTM), based on classical Turing
machine.
5. Representing classical bits as a vector
One bit with the value 0, also written as (Dirac notation):
One bit with the value 1, also written as :
7. Operations on one classical bit (cbit)
0 0
Identity
1 1
0 0
Negation
1 1
0 0
Constant-0
1 1
0 0
Constant-1
0 1
8. Reversible computing
Reversible means given the operation and output value, you can
find the input value
For , given and , you can uniquely find
Operations which permute are reversible; operations which erase
or overwrite are not
Identity and Negation are reversible
Constant-0 and Constant-1 are not
Quantum algorithms rely only on reversible operations, so we will
only care about those
In fact, all quantum operators are “their own inverses”
(unitarity of quantum theory)
10. Representing multiple cbits
We call this tensored representation the product state
We can factor the product state back into the individual state
representation
The product state of n bits is a vector of size 2n
11. Operations on multiple cbits: CNOT
Operates on a pair of bits: the “control” bit and the “target” bit
If the control bit is 1, then the target bit is flipped
If the control bit is 0, then the target bit is left unchanged
The control bit is always unchanged
00 00
01 01
10 11
11 10
14. Recap cbits
We represent classical bits in vector form as for 0 and
for 1
Operations on bits are represented by matrix multiplication on
bit vectors
Quantum algorithms rely only on reversible operations
Multi-bit states are written as the tensor product of single-bit
vectors
The CNOT gate is a fundamental building block of reversible
computing
15. Qbits and superposition
Surprise ! We've actually been using single qbits all along !
The cbit vectors we've been using are just special cases of
qbit vectors
A qbit is represented by a vector where a and b are
complex numbers and:
complex numbers and:
The cbit vectors and fit within this definition
Example qbit values:
16. Qbits and superposition
How can a qbit to have a value which is not 0 or 1 ? This is
called coherent superposition, enabling quantum parallelism
When we measure the qbit, it collapses to an actual value of 0
or 1
We usually do this at the end of a quantum algorithm to get
the result
If a qbit has value then it collapses to 0 with a probability
and 1 with a probability
For example, has a chance of collapsing
to 0 or 1
The qbit has a 100% chance of collapsing to 0
17. Qbits and superposition
Multiple qbits are similarly represented by the tensor product
Note that
For example, the system (note that
and )
There's a ¼ chance each of collapsing to or
18. Operations on qbits
How do we operate on qbits ? The same way we operate on
cbits: with matrices !
All the matrix operators we have seen also work on qbits (bit
flip, CNOT, etc)
Matrix operators model the effect of devices acting on qbit
observables like spin or polarization without measuring and
collapsing qbit states:
There are several important matrix operators which only make
sense in a quantum context
19. Operations on qbits: the Hadamard gate
The Hadamard gate takes a 0- or 1-bit and puts it into exactly
equal superposition:
20. Operations on qbits: the Hadamard gate
The Hadamard gate also takes a qbit in exactly-equal
superposition, and transforms it into a 0- or 1-bit (this should
be unsurprising – remember operations are their own inverse):
We can transition out of a superposition without measurement !
We can thus structure quantum computation deterministically
instead of probabilistically
23. Recap qbits
Cbits are just a special case of qbits, which are 2-vectors of
complex numbers
Qbits can be in superposition, enabling parallelism, and are
probabilistically collapsed to cbits by measurement
Multi-qbit systems are tensor product of single-qbit systems,
like with cbits
Matrices represent operations on qbits, same as with cbits
The Hadamard gate take 0- and 1-bits to equal superposition,
and back
We can think of qbits and their operations as forming a state
machine on the unit circle
Actually the unit sphere if we use complex amplitudes
24. The Deutsch oracle
Imagine someone gives you a black box containing a function
on one bit
Recall ! What are the four possible functions on one bit ?
You don't know which function is inside the box, but you can try
inputs and see outputs
How many queries would it take to determine the function on a
classical computer ? (Answer: 2)
How many on a quantum computer ? (Answer: 2; quantum
computation requires something more than just parallelism)
25. The Deutsch oracle
What if you want to check now whether or not the function is
constant, or variable ?
Constant-0 and Constant-1 are constant, Identity and
Negation are variable
How many queries would it take to determine the function on a
classical computer ? (Answer: 2)
How many on a quantum computer ? (Answer: 1)
26. The Deutsch oracle
How can it be done in a single query !?
We combine quantum parallelism with interferences
First, we have to define what each of the four functions look
like on a quantum computer
We have an immediate problem with the constant functions
(remember, Constant-0 and Constant-1 are non reversible
operations !)
27. The Deutsch oracle
How do we write non-reversible functions in a reversible way ?
Common hack: add an additional auxiliary qbit to which the
function is applied (target register)
We thus have to rewire our black box:
before: after:
The black box leaves input data unchanged, writing function
output to the target register
BBData Target
Target
register
Data
register
BB
28. The Deutsch oracle: Constant-0
Target
register
Data
register
BB
Target
register
Data
register
Constant-0:
Black box:
29. The Deutsch oracle: Constant-1
Target
register
Data
register
BB
Target
register
Data
register
Constant-1:
Black box:
30. The Deutsch oracle: Identity
Target
register
Data
register
BB
Target
register
Data
register
Identity:
Black box:
31. The Deutsch oracle: Negation
Target
register
Data
register
BB
Target
register
Data
register
Negation:
Black box:
32. The Deutsch oracle
How do we solve it with a quantum algorithm in one query ?
If the black box function is constant, system will be in state
after the measurement
If the black box function is variable, system will be in state
after the measurement
Target
register
Data
register
BB
preprocessing post-processing
43. The Deutsch oracle
We did it ! We determined whether the function is constant or
variable in a single query !
Intuition: the difference within the categories was neutralized
(negation), while the difference between the categories was
magnified (CNOT)
This problem seems pretty contrived (and it was when it was
published)
A generalized version with an n-bit black box also exists
(Deutsch-Josza algorithm)
Determine whether the function returns the same value for
2n
inputs (i.e. constant)
45. Entanglement
If the product state of two qbits cannot be factored, they are
said to be entangled
The system of equations has no solution, so we cannot factor
the quantum state !
The state has a 50% chance of collapsing to and a 50%
chance of collapsing to
47. Teleportation
Quantum teleportation is the process by which an unknown qbit
state is transferred from one location to another by means of
two other entangled qbits
You can transfer qbit states (cut & paste) but you cannot clone
them (copy & paste)
This comes from the No-cloning theorem
The teleportation is not faster-than-light, because some
classical information must be sent during the protocol
54. Further learning goals
Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm and Simon's periodicity problem
Former yields oracle separation between EQP(1)
and P(2)
, later
between BQP(3)
and BPP(4)
Shor's algorithm and Grover's algorithm
Quantum cryptographic key exchange and no cloning theorem
How qbits, gates, and measurement are actually implemented
Quantum error correction
Quantum programming language design (QISkit, Q#, ...)
(1)
: The class of decision problems solvable by a quantum computer which outputs the correct answer with probability 1 and runs in
polynomial time
(2)
: The class of decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing machine in polynomial time
(3)
: The class of decision problems solvable by a quantum computer in polynomial time, with an error probability of at most 1/3 for all
instances
(4)
: The class of decision problems solvable by a probabilistic Turing machine in polynomial time with an error probability bounded away from
1/3 for all instances
55. Further reading
Nielsen, Michael A.; Chuang, Isaac L. (2010). Quantum
Computation and Quantum Information (2nd ed.). Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-00217-3.
Preskill, John (2018). Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and
beyond. arXiv:1801.00862v3
Fingerhuth, Mark; Babej, Tomáš; Wittek, Peter (2018). Open
source software in quantum computing. arXiv:1812.09167v1