QbD is intended to enhance process knowledge and product quality. It is a quality system that builds on past regulatory expectations and sets future expectations. QbD involves identifying critical quality attributes and understanding their impact on product quality through risk assessment and experimentation. The goal is to develop a robust process control strategy supported by scientific understanding and documentation that can evolve as knowledge increases.

1. QUALITY OF DESIGN
QbD is:
1. A Quality System for managing a product’s lifecycle
2. A regulatory expectation
3. Intended to increase process and product understanding
and thereby decrease patient risk
4. A multifunctional exercise
QbD isn’t:
1. New
2. Design of Experiment (DoE)
3. Design Space

2. QUALITY OF DESIGN
1. Level of effectiveness of the design function in determining a
product's operational requirements (and their incorporation
into design requirements) that can be converted into a
finished product in a production process.
2. The principles of QbD have been used to advance the
product and process quality in every industry.
3. Quality can be the driving force to empower results in other
parameters. Hence the quality has to be built in the product
as well as services through proper planning, so that the forth
coming failure can be avoided.
4. Mere analysis of final product will not work but the quality
should be designed in the product.

3. • Quality by Design is intended to enhance process
knowledge and is based on existing guidance and
reference documents
• QbD is a quality system that builds on past and sets
future regulatory expectations
• QbD can be viewed as a process defined by series
of document requirements. These documents
organize and demonstrate process knowledge and
understanding.
• QbD can be applied to legacy and new products,
but the supporting document package may differ.
• The QbD suite of documents are “alive”. They can
and should be revised as the knowledge base
changes.

4. Advantages of QbD can be
summarized as
1. Patient safety and product efficacy are focused.
2. Scientific understanding of pharmaceutical
process and methods is done.
3. It involves product design and process
development.
4. Science based risk assessment is carried.
5. Critical quality attributes are identified and their
effect on final quality of product is analysed.
6. It offers robust method or process.
7. Business benefits are also driving force to adopt
QbD.

7. The QTPP Leads to Critical Quality
Attribute (CQA) Definition
• Critical Quality Attribute (ICH Q8): “A property or
characteristic that when controlled within a
defined limit, range, or distribution ensures the
desired product quality.”
• Potential CQAs are derived from the QTPP and
guide product and process development.
• CQAs are identified by quality risk management
and experimentation to determine the effect of
variation on product quality.
• The CQA list can be dynamic and may be updated
based on product and process knowledge.

8. Definition of a process Control
Strategy (CS)
1. Many CS elements are developed via risk assessments:
• CQA/CPP, Raw Material, Components, Specifications • A CS is the final
outcome of process development (“Process Design” if using FDA
terminology).
1. A CS is not a “point-in-time” activity, but rather should evolve
as knowledge increases.
2. A CS is constituted of many parts, many of which are
developed/written at different points in time throughout
process development.
• Exception: for legacy products, all of these various components likely
exist in some form and just need to be combined into an integrated
control strategy, which can then effectively drive the CPV program.

10. Process Performance
Qualification
•Verification that the defined CS consistently
delivers the desired product quality
•PPQ is a significant product milestone
•Provides proof the process is well controlled
•Establishes an initial baseline for future process
evaluation
•PPQ is a dynamic part of the validation concept

11. QbD and New Process
Development
The goal of process
development is creation of
a process control strategy
1. Definition of a QTPP,
and provisional CQAs
and CPPs, is essential
to guide development
studies
2. FMEA and similar tools
are very useful for
initial CQA and CPP
assessments

12. The QbD Process is
Iterative
• QbD can have
multiple feedback
modes
• QbD can be applied to
any stage of the product
lifecycle