In this paper, we focus on qausi-conformal curvature tensor of 퐿퐶푆 푛 -manifolds. Here we study quasi-conformally flat, Einstein semi-symmetric quasi -conformally flat, 휉-quasi conformally flat and 휙-quasi conformally flat 퐿퐶푆 푛 -manifolds and obtained some interesting results
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IOSR Journal of Mathematics(IOSR-JM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mathemetics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mathematics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Matrix Transformations on Paranormed Sequence Spaces Related To De La Vallée-...inventionjournals
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQA4JQ6Y-eo&list=PLDpqC3uXLZGl0cDod6g30PcjeJ4DAZWhp
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhLCtLn79jE&list=PLDpqC3uXLZGl0cDod6g30PcjeJ4DAZWhp&index=2
_______________________________________________
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixhgvnGQZHM&t=1635s
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
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Imam Hasan Al-Amin, professionally known as MD Al-Amin, He was born on December 25th, 1999, and brought up in Pirojpur. He is a Bangladeshi entrepreneur and mathematician. He graduated from Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh, in mathematics. He is the co-founder and CEO of Juhod Shop-যুহদ শপ, which is mainly an online shop in Bangladesh. Here, you can buy products online with a few clicks or convenient phone calls. Also, he is the founder and CEO of Juhod IT-Care, a full-service digital media agency that partners with clients to boost their personal and business outcomes. His expertise in marketing has allowed him to help a number of businesses increase their revenue by tremendous amounts. From childhood, he wanted to do something different that would be fruitful for mankind. He started working as a vocal artist when he was only 18 years old.
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In tis slide, an introduction to string theory has been given. Apart from that, a simple proof of 26 dimensions of bosonic string theory is given (following Zwiebach's approach).
I explained this presentation in two parts (on my YouTube channel). Here are the links
_______________________________________________
Part 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QQA4JQ6Y-eo&list=PLDpqC3uXLZGl0cDod6g30PcjeJ4DAZWhp
_______________________________________________
Part 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhLCtLn79jE&list=PLDpqC3uXLZGl0cDod6g30PcjeJ4DAZWhp&index=2
_______________________________________________
A derivation of the Schwarzchild solution is presented with all relevant information. I have used this slides to teach Schwarzchild solution at my youtube channel. Here is the link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixhgvnGQZHM&t=1635s
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
In this paper we consider the initial-boundary value problem for a nonlinear equation induced with respect to the mathematical models in mass production process with the one sided spring boundary condition by boundary feedback control. We establish the asymptotic behavior of solutions to this problem in time, and give an example and simulation to illustrate our results. Results of this paper are able to apply industrial parts such as a typical model widely used to represent threads, wires, magnetic tapes, belts, band saws, and so on.
The derivation of the spherical gradient from an intuitive perspective. We begin from Cartesian coordinates and work our way through to spherical coordinates.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
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m - projective curvature tensor on a Lorentzian para – Sasakian manifoldsIOSR Journals
In this paper we studied m-projectively flat, m-projectively conservative, 𝜑-m-projectively flat LP-Sasakian manifold. It has also been proved that quasi m- projectively flat LP-Sasakian manifold is locally isometric to the unit sphere 𝑆𝑛(1) if and only if 𝑀𝑛 is m-projectively flat.
Gram-Schmidt process linear algbera.pptxMd. Al-Amin
For knowing Gram Schmidt Process fully , this slide will be helpful.
Imam Hasan Al-Amin, professionally known as MD Al-Amin, He was born on December 25th, 1999, and brought up in Pirojpur. He is a Bangladeshi entrepreneur and mathematician. He graduated from Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh, in mathematics. He is the co-founder and CEO of Juhod Shop-যুহদ শপ, which is mainly an online shop in Bangladesh. Here, you can buy products online with a few clicks or convenient phone calls. Also, he is the founder and CEO of Juhod IT-Care, a full-service digital media agency that partners with clients to boost their personal and business outcomes. His expertise in marketing has allowed him to help a number of businesses increase their revenue by tremendous amounts. From childhood, he wanted to do something different that would be fruitful for mankind. He started working as a vocal artist when he was only 18 years old.
CR- Submanifoldsof a Nearly Hyperbolic Cosymplectic ManifoldIOSR Journals
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Cr-Submanifolds of a Nearly Hyperbolic Kenmotsu Manifold Admitting a Quater S...IJERA Editor
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Generalized Laplace - Mellin Integral TransformationIJERA Editor
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Maxwell's formulation - differential forms on euclidean spacegreentask
One of the greatest advances in theoretical physics of the nineteenth
century was Maxwell’s formulation of the the equations of electromag-
netism. This article uses differential forms to solve a problem related
to Maxwell’s formulation. The notion of differential form encompasses
such ideas as elements of surface area and volume elements, the work
exerted by a force, the flow of a fluid, and the curvature of a surface,
space or hyperspace. An important operation on differential forms is
exterior differentiation, which generalizes the operators div, grad, curl
of vector calculus. the study of differential forms, which was initiated
by E.Cartan in the years around 1900, is often termed the exterior
differential calculus.However, Maxwells equations have many very im-
portant implications in the life of a modern person, so much so that
people use devices that function off the principles in Maxwells equa-
tions every day without even knowing it
Published by:
Wang Jing
School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
Nanyang Technological University
jwang14@e.ntu.edu.sg
Regression analysis is a mathematical measure of the average relationship between two or more variables in terms of the original units of the data.
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Qausi Conformal Curvature Tensor on 푳푪푺 풏-Manifolds
1. International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI)
E-ISSN: 2321 – 4767 P-ISSN: 2321 - 4759
www.ijmsi.org Volume 4 Issue 5 || June. 2016 || PP-34-38
www.ijmsi.org 34 | Page
Qausi Conformal Curvature Tensor on 𝑳𝑪𝑺 𝒏-Manifolds
N.S. Ravikumar1
, K. Nagana Gouda2
,
1
(Department Of Mathematics, Sri Siddhartha Academy Of Higher Education,Hagalakote, Tumakuru, India)
2
(Department Of Mathematics, Sri Siddhartha Academy Of Higher Education,Maralur, Tumakuru, India)
ABSTRACT : In this paper, we focus on qausi-conformal curvature tensor of 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifolds. Here we study
quasi-conformally flat, Einstein semi-symmetric quasi -conformally flat, 𝜉-quasi conformally flat and 𝜙-quasi
conformally flat 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifolds and obtained some interesting results.
Keywords: Einstein semi-symmetric, η-Einstein manifold, Lorentzian metric, quasi-conformal curvature tensor,
quasi-conformally flat.
I. INTRODUCTION
In 1968, Yano and Sawaki [25] introduced the quasi-conformal curvature tensor given by
𝐶 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑍 = 𝑎𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑍 + 𝑏 𝑆 𝑌, 𝑍 𝑋 − 𝑆 𝑋, 𝑍 𝑌 + 𝑔 𝑌, 𝑍 𝑄𝑋 − 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑍 𝑄𝑌
−
𝑟
2𝑛 + 1
𝑎
2𝑛
+ 2𝑏 𝑔 𝑌, 𝑍 𝑋 − 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑍 𝑌 , (1.1)
where a and b are constants and R, S, Q and r are the Riemannian curvature tensor of type 1,3 , the Ricci
tensor of type 0,2 , the Ricci operator defined by S X, Y = g QX, Y and scalar curvature of the manifold
respectively. If a = 1 and b = −
1
n−2
, then 1.1 takes the form
𝐶 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑍 = 𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑍 −
1
𝑛 − 2
𝑆 𝑌, 𝑍 𝑋 − 𝑆 𝑋, 𝑍 𝑌 + 𝑔 𝑌, 𝑍 𝑄𝑋 − 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑍 𝑄𝑌
−
𝑟
𝑛 − 1 𝑛 – 2
𝑔 𝑌, 𝑍 𝑋 − 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑍 𝑌 = 𝐶 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑍, 1.2
Where C is the conformal curvature tensor [24]. In [7], De and Matsuyama studied a quasi-conformally flat
Riemannian manifold satisfying certain condition on the Ricci tensor. Again Cihan Ozgar and De [5] studied
quasi conformal curvature tensor on Kenmotsu manifold and shown that a Kenmotsu manifold is quasi-
conformally flat or quasi- conformally semi-symmetric if and only if it is locally isometric to the hyperbolic
space. The geometry of quasi-conformal curvature tensor in a Riemannian manifold with different structures
were studied by several authors viz., [6, 16, 17, 20].
The present paper is organized as follows: In Section 2 we give the definitions and some
preliminary results that will be needed thereafter. In Section 3 we discuss quasi-conformally
flat 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifolds and it is shown that the manifold is 𝜂-Einstein. Section 4 is devoted to the study of
Einstein semi-symmetric quasi-conformally flat 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifolds and obtain Qausi Conformal Curvature
Tensor on 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -Manifolds 3 that the scalar curvature is constant. In section 5 we consider 𝜉 -quasi-
conformally flat 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifolds and proved that the scalar curvature is always constant. Finally, in Section 6,
we have shown that a ϕ-quasi conformally flat 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifold is an 𝜂-Einstein manifold.
II. PRELIMINARIES
The notion of Lorentzian concircular structure manifolds (briefly LCS n-manifolds) was introduced by A.A.
Shaikh [18] in 2003. An n-dimensional Lorentzian manifold M is a smooth connected paracompact Hausdorff
manifold with a Lorentzian metric g, that is, M admits a smooth symmetric tensor field g of type (0,2) such that
for each point p ∈ M , the tensor gp: Tp M × Tp M → R is a non-degenerate inner product of signature
−, +, … , + , where TpM denotes the tangent vector space of M at p and R is the real number space.
Definition 2.1 In a Lorentzian manifold 𝑀, 𝑔 , a vector field 𝑃 defined by 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑃 = 𝐴 𝑋 , for any vector field
𝑋 ∈ 𝜒 𝑀 is said to be a concircular vector field if
∇ 𝑋 𝐴 𝑌 = α 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑌 + 𝜔 𝑋 𝐴 𝑌 ,
Where 𝛼 is a non-zero scalar function, 𝐴 is a 1-form and 𝜔 is a closed 1-form.
Let 𝑀 be a 𝑛-dimensional Lorentzian manifold admitting a unit timelike concircular vector field 𝜉, called the
characteristic vector field of the manifold. Then we have
𝑔 𝜉, 𝜉 = −1. 2.1
Since 𝜉 is a unit concircular vector field, there exists a non-zero 1-form 𝜂 such that
𝑔 𝑋, 𝜉 = 𝜂 𝑋 , 2.2
the equation of the following form holds
2. Qausi Conformal Curvature Tensor On 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛-Manifolds
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∇ 𝑋 𝜂 𝑌 = 𝛼 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑌 + 𝜂 𝑋 𝜂 𝑌 , 𝛼 ≠ 0 2.3
for all vector fields 𝑋, 𝑌 , where r denotes the operator of covariant differentiation with respect to Lorentzian
metric 𝑔 and 𝛼 is a non-zero scalar function satisfying
∇ 𝑋 𝛼 = 𝑋𝛼 = 𝑑𝛼 𝑋 = 𝜌𝜂 𝑋 , 2.4
𝜌 being a certain scalar function given by 𝜌 = − 𝜉𝛼 . If we put
𝜙𝑋 =
1
𝛼
∇ 𝑋 𝜉, (2.5)
Then from (2.3) and (2.4), we have
𝜙𝑋 = 𝑋 + 𝜂 𝑋 𝜉, (2.6)
from which it follows that 𝜙 is a symmetric 1,1 tensor. Thus the Lorentzian manifold 𝑀 together with the unit
time like concircular vector field 𝜉, its associated 1-form 𝜂 and 1,1 tensor field 𝜙 is said to be a Lorentzian
concircular structure manifold (briefly 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifold). Especially, if we take 𝛼 = 1, then we can obtain the
Lorentzian para-Sasakian structure of Matsumoto [12]. In a 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifold, the following relations hold ([18],
[19]):
𝜂 𝜉 = −1, 𝜙𝜉 = 0, 𝜂 𝜙𝑋 = 0, 2.7
𝑔 𝜙𝑋, 𝜙𝑌 = 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑌 + 𝜂 𝑋 𝜂 𝑌 , 2.8
𝜂 𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑍 = 𝛼2
− 𝜌 𝑔 𝑌, 𝑍 𝜂 𝑋 − 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑍 𝜂 𝑌 , 2.9
𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝜉 = 𝛼2
− 𝜌 𝜂 𝑌 𝑋 − 𝜂 𝑋 𝑌 , 2.10
∇ 𝑋 𝜙 𝑌 = 𝛼 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑌 𝜉 + 2𝜂 𝑋 𝜂 𝑌 𝜉 + 𝜂 𝑌 𝑋 2.11
𝑆 𝑋, 𝜉 = 𝑛 − 1 𝛼2
− 𝜌 𝜂 𝑋 , (2.12)
𝑆 𝜙𝑋, 𝜙𝑌 = 𝑆 𝑋, 𝑌 + 𝑛 − 1 𝛼2
− 𝜌 𝜂 𝑋 𝜂 𝑌 , 2.13
𝑄𝜉 = 𝑛 − 1 𝛼2
− 𝜌 𝜉, 2.14
for any vector fields 𝑋, 𝑌, 𝑍, where 𝑅, 𝑆 denote respectively the curvature tensor and the Ricci tensor of the
manifold.
Definition 2.2 An 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifold 𝑀 is said to be Einstein if its Ricci tensor 𝑆 is of the form
𝑆 𝑋, 𝑌 = 𝑎𝑔 𝑋, 𝑌 , 2.15
for any vector fields 𝑋 and 𝑌, where 𝑎 is a scalar function.
III. QUASI-CONFORMALLY FLAT 𝑳𝑪𝑺 𝒏-MANIFOLDS
Let us consider quasi-conformally flat 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifolds, i.e., 𝐶 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑍 = 0. Then from 1.1 , we have
𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑍 = −
𝑏
𝑎
𝑆 𝑌, 𝑍 𝑋 − 𝑆 𝑋, 𝑍 𝑌 + 𝑔 𝑌, 𝑍 𝑄𝑋 − 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑍 𝑄𝑌
+
𝑟
𝑎𝑛
𝑎
𝑛 − 1
+ 2𝑏 𝑔 𝑌, 𝑍 𝑋 − 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑍 𝑌 . 3.1
Taking inner product of 3.1 with respect to 𝑊, we get
𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌, 𝑍, 𝑊 = −
𝑏
𝑎
𝑆 𝑌, 𝑍 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑊 − 𝑆 𝑋, 𝑍 𝑔 𝑌, 𝑊 + 𝑔 𝑌, 𝑍 𝑆 𝑋, 𝑊 − 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑍 𝑆 𝑌, 𝑊
+
𝑟
𝑎𝑛
𝑎
𝑛 − 1
+ 2𝑏 𝑔 𝑌, 𝑍 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑊 − 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑍 𝑔 𝑌, 𝑊 . 3.2
Also from 2.9 , we have
𝑅 𝜉, 𝑌, 𝑍, 𝜉 = − 𝛼2
− 𝜌 𝑔 𝑌, 𝑍 + 𝜂 𝑌 𝜂 𝑍 . 3.3
Putting 𝑋 = 𝑊 = 𝜉 in 3.2 becomes
𝑅(𝜉, 𝑌, 𝑍, 𝜉) = −
𝑏
𝑎
𝑆 𝑌, 𝑍 𝑔 𝜉, 𝜉 − 𝑆 𝜉, 𝑍 𝑔 𝑌, 𝜉 + 𝑔 𝑌, 𝑍 𝑆 𝜉, 𝜉 − 𝑔 𝜉, 𝑍 𝑆 𝑌, 𝜉
+
𝑟
𝑎𝑛
𝑎
𝑛 − 1
+ 2𝑏 𝑔 𝑌, 𝑍 𝑔 𝜉, 𝜉 − 𝑔 𝜉, 𝑍 𝑔 𝑌, 𝜉 . 3.4
By virtue of 2.1 , 2.2 , 2.12 and 3.3 equation 3.4 yields
𝑆 𝑌, 𝑍 = 𝑀𝑔 𝑌, 𝑍 + 𝑁𝜂 𝑌 𝜂 𝑍 , 3.5
Where
𝑀 =
𝑟
𝑏𝑛
𝑎
𝑛 − 1
+ 2𝑏 −
𝛼2
− 𝜌
𝑏
𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑛 − 1 ,
𝑁 =
𝑟
𝑏𝑛
𝑎
𝑛 − 1
+ 2𝑏 −
𝛼2
− 𝜌
𝑏
𝑎 + 2𝑏 𝑛 − 1 .
Thus we state:
Theorem 3.1 A quasi-conformally flat 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifold is an 𝜂-Einstein manifold.
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IV. EINSTEIN SEMI-SYMMETRIC QUASI-CONFORMALLY FLAT 𝑳𝑪𝑺 𝒏-MANIFOLDS
The Einstein tensor is given by
𝐸 𝑋, 𝑌 = 𝑆 𝑋, 𝑌 −
𝑟
2
𝑔 𝑋, 𝑌 , 4.1
Where 𝑆 is the Ricci tensor and 𝑟 is the scalar curvature. An 𝑛-dimensional quasi-conformally flat 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -
manifold is said to be Einstein semi-symmetric if,
𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 ∙ 𝐸 𝑍, 𝑊 = 0. 4.2
By using equation (3.5), we have
𝑄𝑋 = 𝑀𝑋 + 𝑁𝜂 𝑋 𝜉. 4.3
Substituting (3.5) and (4.3) in (3.1), we get
𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑍 = 𝐴 𝑔 𝑌, 𝑍 𝑋 − 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑍 𝑌 + 𝐵 𝜂 𝑌 𝜂 𝑍 𝑋 − 𝜂 𝑋 𝜂 𝑍 𝑌 + 𝑔 𝑌, 𝑍 𝜂 𝑋 𝜉 − 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑍 𝜉 , 4.4
Where
𝐴 =
𝛼2
− 𝜌
𝑏
[𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑛 − 1 −
𝑎
𝑟𝑛
𝑎
𝑛 − 1
+ 2𝑏
𝐵 =
𝑟
𝑏𝑛
𝑎
𝑛 − 1
+ 2𝑏 −
𝛼2
− 𝜌
𝑏
𝑎 + 2𝑏 𝑛 − 1 .
Now, we consider the quasi-conformally flat 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifold which is Einstein semi-symmetric i.e.,
𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 ∙ 𝐸 𝑍, 𝑊 = 0.
Then we have
𝐸 𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑍, 𝑈 + 𝐸 𝑍, 𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑈 = 0. 4.5
By virtue of 4.1 , equation 4.5 becomes
𝑆 𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑍, 𝑈 −
𝑟
2
𝑔 𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑍, 𝑈 + 𝑆 𝑍, 𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑈 –
𝑟
2
𝑔 𝑍, 𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑈 = 0. 4.6
Using 3.5 in 4.6 , we get
𝑆 𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑍, 𝑈 –
𝑟
2
𝑔 𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑍, 𝑈 + 𝑆 𝑍, 𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑈 −
𝑟
2
𝑔 𝑍, 𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑈 = 0. 4.7
Put 𝑍 = 𝜉 in 4.7 , we obtain
𝑀–
𝑟
2
𝑔 𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝜉, 𝑈 + 𝑀 −
𝑟
2
𝜂 𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑈 + 𝑁𝜂 𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝜉 𝜂 𝑈 − 𝑁𝜂 𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑈 = 0. 4.8
By virtue of 4.4 , above equation becomes
𝑁 𝐵 − 𝐴 𝑔 𝑌, 𝑈 𝜂 𝑋 − 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑈 𝜂 𝑌 = 0. 4.9
Putting 𝑌 = 𝜉 in 4.9 , we get
𝑁 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑈 + 𝜂 𝑈 𝜂 𝑋 = 0. 4.10
Again putting 𝑈 = 𝑄𝑊 in (4.10), we have
𝑁 𝑆 𝑋, 𝑊 + 𝜂 𝑄𝑊 𝜂 𝑋 = 0. (4.11)
Using (4.3) in 4.11 , gives
𝑁 𝑆 𝑋, 𝑊 + 𝑀 − 𝑁 𝜂 𝑊 𝜂 𝑋 = 0. 4.12
Either 𝑁 = 0 or 𝑆(𝑋, 𝑊) + 𝑀 − 𝑁 𝜂 𝑊 𝜂 𝑋 = 0.
As 𝑁 ≠ 0, we have
𝑆 𝑋, 𝑊 + 𝑀 − 𝑁 𝜂 𝑊 𝜂 𝑋 ] = 0. 4.13
Put 𝑋 = 𝑊 = 𝑒𝑖 in 4.13 and taking summation over 𝑖, 1 ≤ 𝑖 ≤ 𝑛, we get
𝑟 = 𝑛– 1 𝛼2
− 𝜌 . 4.14
Hence we can state the following:
Theorem 4.2 In an Einstein semi-symmetric quasi-conformally flat 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifold, the scalar curvature is
constant.
V. 𝝃-QUASI CONFORMALLY FLAT 𝑳𝑪𝑺 𝒏-MANIFOLDS
A Let 𝑀 be an 𝑛-dimensional 𝜉-quasi conformally flat 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifold. i.e.,
𝐶 𝑋, 𝑌 𝜉 = 0, ∀𝑋, 𝑌 ∈ 𝑇𝑀. 5.1
Putting 𝑍 = 𝜉 in 3.1 , we get
𝐶 𝑋, 𝑌 𝜉 = 𝑎𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝜉 + 𝑏 𝑆 𝑌, 𝜉 𝑋 − 𝑆 𝑋, 𝜉 𝑌 + 𝑔 𝑌, 𝜉 𝑄𝑋 − 𝑔 𝑋, 𝜉 𝑄𝑌
−
𝑟
𝑛
𝑎
𝑛 − 1
+ 2𝑏 𝑔 𝑌, 𝜉 𝑋 − 𝑔 𝑋, 𝜉 𝑌 . 5.2
Since𝐶 𝑋, 𝑌 𝜉 = 0, we have
𝑎𝑅 𝑋, 𝑌 𝜉 =
𝑟
𝑛
𝑎
𝑛 − 1
+ 2𝑏 𝑔 𝑌, 𝜉 𝑋 − 𝑔 𝑋, 𝜉 𝑌
−𝑏 𝑆 𝑌, 𝜉 𝑋 − 𝑆 𝑋, 𝜉 𝑌 + 𝑔 𝑌, 𝜉 𝑄𝑋 − 𝑔 𝑋, 𝜉 𝑄𝑌 . 5.3
Using 2.2 , 2.10 and 2.12 in 5.3 becomes
𝑎 𝛼2
− 𝜌 𝜂 𝑌 𝑋 − 𝜂 𝑋 𝑌 =
𝑟
𝑛
𝑎
𝑛 − 1
+ 2𝑏 𝜂 𝑌 𝑋 − 𝜂 𝑋 𝑌
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−2𝑏 𝑛 − 1 𝛼2
− 𝜌 𝜂 𝑌 𝑋 − 𝜂 𝑋 𝑌 5.4
Again putting 𝑌 = 𝜉 in 5.4 , we get
−𝑎 𝛼2
− 𝜌 𝑋 + 𝜂 𝑋 𝜉 = −
𝑟
𝑛
𝑎
𝑛 − 1
+ 2𝑏 𝑋 + 𝜂 𝑋 𝜉 + 2 𝑛 − 1 𝛼2
− 𝜌 𝑏 𝑋 + 𝜂 𝑋 𝜉 . 5.5
Taking inner product of above equation with respect to W , we obtain
−𝑎 𝛼2
− 𝜌 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑊 + 𝜂 𝑋 𝜂 𝑊 = −
𝑟
𝑛
𝑎
𝑛 − 1
+ 2𝑏 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑊 + 𝜂 𝑋 𝜂 𝑊
+2 𝑛 − 1 𝛼2
− 𝜌 𝑏 𝑔 𝑋, 𝑊 + 𝜂 𝑋 𝜂 𝑊 . 5.6
Put 𝑋 = 𝑊 = 𝑒𝑖 in 5.6 and taking summation over 𝑖, 1 ≤ 𝑖 ≤ 𝑛, we get
𝑟 =
𝑛
𝑎
𝑛 − 1
+ 2𝑏
𝑎 + 2𝑏 𝑛 − 1 𝛼2
− 𝜌 .
Hence we can state:
Theorem 5.3 In an 𝜉-quasi conformally flat 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifold, the scalar curvature is constant.. (10)
VI. 𝝓-QUASI CONFORMALLY FLAT 𝑳𝑪𝑺 𝒏-MANIFOLDS
A Let 𝑀 be an 𝑛-dimensional 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifold is said to be 𝜙-quasi conformally flat if it satisfies
𝜙2
𝐶 𝜙𝑋, 𝜙𝑌 𝜙𝑍 = 0. 6.1
Theorem 6.4 An 𝑛-dimensional 𝜙-quasi conformally flat 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifold is an 𝜂-Einstein manifold.
Proof: Let us consider 𝜙-quasi conformally flat 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛 -manifold. i.e., 𝜙2
𝐶(𝜙𝑋, 𝜙𝑌)𝜙𝑍 = 0.
It can be easily see that
𝑔 𝐶 𝜙𝑋, 𝜙𝑌 𝜙𝑍, 𝜙𝑊 = 0. 6.2
By virtue of 1.1 , we have
𝑎𝑔 𝑅 𝜙𝑋, 𝜙𝑌 𝜙𝑍, 𝜙𝑊 = −𝑏 𝑆 𝜙𝑌, 𝜙𝑍 𝑔 𝜙𝑋, 𝜙𝑊 − 𝑆 𝜙𝑋, 𝜙𝑍 𝑔 𝜙𝑌, 𝜙𝑊
+𝑆(𝜙𝑋, 𝜙𝑊 )𝑔(𝜙𝑌, 𝜙𝑍) − 𝑆 𝜙𝑌, 𝜙𝑊 𝑔 𝜙𝑋, 𝜙𝑍 ] (6.3)
+
𝑟
𝑛
𝑎
𝑛 − 1
+ 2𝑏 𝑔 𝜙𝑌, 𝜙𝑍 𝑔 𝜙𝑋, 𝜙𝑊 − 𝑔 𝜙𝑋, 𝜙𝑍 𝑔 𝜙𝑌, 𝜙𝑊 .
Let 𝑒1, 𝑒2, … , 𝑒 𝑛−1, 𝜉 be a local orthonormal basis of vector fields in 𝑀.
As 𝜙 𝑒1 , 𝜙 𝑒2 , … , 𝜙 𝑒 𝑛−1 , 𝜉 is also a local orthonormal basis, if we put 𝑋 = 𝑊 = 𝑒𝑖 in 6.3 and sum up
with respect to 𝑖, then we have
𝑎 𝑔 𝑅 𝜙 𝑒𝑖 , 𝜙𝑌 𝜙𝑍, 𝜙 𝑒𝑖
𝑛−1
𝑖=1
= 𝑆 𝜙𝑌, 𝜙𝑍 𝑔 𝜙 𝑒𝑖 , 𝜙 𝑒𝑖 − 𝑆 𝜙 𝑒𝑖 , 𝜙𝑍 𝑔 𝜙𝑌, 𝜙 𝑒𝑖
𝑛−1
𝑖=1
+ 𝑆 𝜙 𝑒𝑖 , 𝜙 𝑒𝑖 𝑔 𝜙𝑌, 𝜙𝑍 − 𝑆 𝜙𝑌, 𝜙 𝑒𝑖 𝑔 𝜙 𝑒𝑖 , 𝜙𝑍
+
𝑟
𝑛
𝑎
𝑛 − 1
+ 2𝑏 𝑔 𝜙𝑌, 𝜙𝑍 𝑔 𝜙 𝑒𝑖 , 𝜙 𝑒𝑖 − 𝑔 𝜙 𝑒𝑖 , 𝜙𝑍 𝑔 𝜙𝑌, 𝜙 𝑒𝑖
𝑛−1
𝑖=1
. 6.4
It can be easily verify that
𝑔 𝑅 𝜙 𝑒𝑖 , 𝜙𝑌 𝜙𝑍, 𝜙 𝑒𝑖
𝑛−1
𝑖=1
= 𝑆 𝜙𝑌, 𝜙𝑍 + 𝑔 𝜙𝑌, 𝜙𝑍 , 6.5
𝑆 𝜙𝑌, 𝜙 𝑒𝑖 𝑔 𝜙 𝑒𝑖 , 𝜙𝑍
𝑛−1
𝑖=1
= 𝑆 𝜙𝑌, 𝜙𝑍 , 6.6
𝑆(𝜙(𝑒𝑖), 𝜙(𝑒𝑖))
𝑛−1
𝑖=1
= 𝑟 + 𝑛 − 1 𝛼2
− 𝜌 , 6.7
𝑔 𝜙 𝑒𝑖 , 𝜙 𝑒𝑖
𝑛−1
𝑖=1
= 𝑛 − 1, 6.8
𝑔 𝜙 𝑒𝑖 , 𝜙𝑍 𝑔 𝜙𝑌, 𝜙 𝑒𝑖
𝑛−1
𝑖=1
= 𝑔 𝜙𝑌, 𝜙𝑍 . 6.9
Using 6.5 to 6.9 in 6.4 , we get
𝑆 𝑌, 𝑍 = 𝑀𝑔 𝑌, 𝑍 + 𝑁𝜂 𝑌 𝜂 𝑍 ,
Where
5. Qausi Conformal Curvature Tensor On 𝐿𝐶𝑆 𝑛-Manifolds
www.ijmsi.org 38 | Page
𝑀 =
𝑟 𝑛 − 2
𝑛
𝑎
𝑛 − 1
+ 2𝑏 + 𝑛 − 1 (𝛼2
− 𝜌) + 𝑟 − 𝑎,
𝑁 =
𝑟 𝑛 − 2
𝑛
𝑎
𝑛 − 1
+ 2𝑏 + 𝑟 + 𝛼2
− 𝜌 𝑛 − 1 1 − 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑛 .
Hence the proof
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