Exponential decay for the solution of the nonlinear equation induced by the mathematical model in mass production process with one sided spring boundary condition byfeedback control
In this paper we consider the initial-boundary value problem for a nonlinear equation induced with respect to the mathematical models in mass production process with the one sided spring boundary condition by boundary feedback control. We establish the asymptotic behavior of solutions to this problem in time, and give an example and simulation to illustrate our results. Results of this paper are able to apply industrial parts such as a typical model widely used to represent threads, wires, magnetic tapes, belts, band saws, and so on.
Flip bifurcation and chaos control in discrete-time Prey-predator model irjes
The dynamics of discrete-time prey-predator model are investigated. The result indicates that the
model undergo a flip bifurcation which found by using center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory.
Numerical simulation not only illustrate our results, but also exhibit the complex dynamic behavior, such as the
periodic doubling in period-2, -4 -8, quasi- periodic orbits and chaotic set. Finally, the feedback control method
is used to stabilize chaotic orbits at an unstable interior point.
Helmholtz equation (Motivations and Solutions)Hassaan Saleem
Solutions of Helmholtz equation in cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates are discussed and the applications to the problem of a quantum mechanical particle in a cubical box is discussed.
Rotation in 3d Space: Euler Angles, Quaternions, Marix DescriptionsSolo Hermelin
Mathematics of rotation in 3d space, a lecture that I've prepared.
This presentation is at a Undergraduate in Science (Math, Physics, Engineering) level.
Please send comments and suggestions to solo.hermelin@gmail.com. Thanks!
Fore more presentations, please visit my website at
http://www.solohermelin.com/
Entanglement Behavior of 2D Quantum ModelsShu Tanaka
I gave an oral presentation at YITP Workshop on Quantum Information Physics (YQIP2014).
http://www2.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~yitpqip2014.ws/index.php
This presentation is based on the following papers.
http://iopscience.iop.org/1751-8121/43/25/255303
http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v84/i24/e245128
http://pra.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v86/i3/e032326
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/iis/19/1/19_IIS190115/_article
Preprint version are available via
http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.2007
http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.3888
http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6752
http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.1939
京都大学基礎物理学研究所で開催されたワークショップ、"YITP Workshop on Quantum Information Physics (YQIP2014)"で口頭講演を行いました。
http://www2.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~yitpqip2014.ws/index.php
本発表は以下の論文に基づいています。
http://iopscience.iop.org/1751-8121/43/25/255303
http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v84/i24/e245128
http://pra.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v86/i3/e032326
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/iis/19/1/19_IIS190115/_article
プレプリントバージョンは、以下のサイトから閲覧できます。
http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.2007
http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.3888
http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6752
http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.1939
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF SUM OF TWO CONTINUOUS VARIABLES AND CONVOLUTIONJournal For Research
All physical subjects, involving random phenomena, something depending upon chance, naturally find their own way to theory of Statistics. Hence there arise relations between the results derived for hose random phenomena in different physical subjects and the concepts of Statistics. Convolution theorem has a variety of applications in field of Fourier transforms and many other situations, but it bears beautiful applications in field of statistics also .Here in this paper authors want to discuss some notions of Electrical Engineering in terms of convolution of some probability distributions.
Flip bifurcation and chaos control in discrete-time Prey-predator model irjes
The dynamics of discrete-time prey-predator model are investigated. The result indicates that the
model undergo a flip bifurcation which found by using center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory.
Numerical simulation not only illustrate our results, but also exhibit the complex dynamic behavior, such as the
periodic doubling in period-2, -4 -8, quasi- periodic orbits and chaotic set. Finally, the feedback control method
is used to stabilize chaotic orbits at an unstable interior point.
Helmholtz equation (Motivations and Solutions)Hassaan Saleem
Solutions of Helmholtz equation in cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates are discussed and the applications to the problem of a quantum mechanical particle in a cubical box is discussed.
Rotation in 3d Space: Euler Angles, Quaternions, Marix DescriptionsSolo Hermelin
Mathematics of rotation in 3d space, a lecture that I've prepared.
This presentation is at a Undergraduate in Science (Math, Physics, Engineering) level.
Please send comments and suggestions to solo.hermelin@gmail.com. Thanks!
Fore more presentations, please visit my website at
http://www.solohermelin.com/
Entanglement Behavior of 2D Quantum ModelsShu Tanaka
I gave an oral presentation at YITP Workshop on Quantum Information Physics (YQIP2014).
http://www2.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~yitpqip2014.ws/index.php
This presentation is based on the following papers.
http://iopscience.iop.org/1751-8121/43/25/255303
http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v84/i24/e245128
http://pra.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v86/i3/e032326
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/iis/19/1/19_IIS190115/_article
Preprint version are available via
http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.2007
http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.3888
http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6752
http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.1939
京都大学基礎物理学研究所で開催されたワークショップ、"YITP Workshop on Quantum Information Physics (YQIP2014)"で口頭講演を行いました。
http://www2.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~yitpqip2014.ws/index.php
本発表は以下の論文に基づいています。
http://iopscience.iop.org/1751-8121/43/25/255303
http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v84/i24/e245128
http://pra.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v86/i3/e032326
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/iis/19/1/19_IIS190115/_article
プレプリントバージョンは、以下のサイトから閲覧できます。
http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.2007
http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.3888
http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.6752
http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.1939
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF SUM OF TWO CONTINUOUS VARIABLES AND CONVOLUTIONJournal For Research
All physical subjects, involving random phenomena, something depending upon chance, naturally find their own way to theory of Statistics. Hence there arise relations between the results derived for hose random phenomena in different physical subjects and the concepts of Statistics. Convolution theorem has a variety of applications in field of Fourier transforms and many other situations, but it bears beautiful applications in field of statistics also .Here in this paper authors want to discuss some notions of Electrical Engineering in terms of convolution of some probability distributions.
Second-Order Phase Transition in Heisenberg Model on Triangular Lattice with ...Shu Tanaka
Our paper entitled “Second-Order Phase Transition in Heisenberg Model on Triangular Lattice with Competing Interactions" was published in Physical Review B. This work was done in collaboration with Dr. Ryo Tamura (NIMS) and Professor Naoki Kawashima (ISSP).
http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v87/i21/e214401
NIMSの田村亮さん、物性研の川島直輝教授との共同研究論文 “Second-Order Phase Transition in Heisenberg Model on Triangular Lattice with Competing Interactions" が Physical Review B に掲載されました。
http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v87/i21/e214401
Buckling of a carbon nanotube embedded in elastic medium via nonlocal elastic...IRJESJOURNAL
Abstract:- Buckling analysis of a carbon nanotube (CNT) embedded in Pasternak’s medium is investigated. Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory in conjunction with the first-order Donell’s shell theory is used. The governing equilibrium equations are obtained and solved for CNTs subjected to mechanical loads and embedded in Winkler-Pasternak’s medium. Effects of nonlocal parameter, radius and length of CNT, as well as the foundation parameters on buckling of CNT are investigated. Comparison with the available results is made.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
SOLUTIONS OF THE SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION WITH INVERSELY QUADRATIC HELLMANN PLUS ...ijrap
The solutions of the Schrödinger equation with inversely quadratic Hellmann plus Mie-type potential for
any angular momentum quantum number have been presented using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The
bound state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding un-normalized eigenfunctions are obtained in terms
of the Laguerre polynomials. Several cases of the potential are also considered and their eigen values obtained.
Describes the simulation model of the backlash effect in gear mechanisms. For undergraduate students in engineering. In the download process a lot of figures are missing.
I recommend to visit my website in the Simulation Folder for a better view of this presentation.
Please send comments to solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
For more presentations on different subjects visit my website at http://www.solohermelin.com.
Describes the mathematics of the Calculus of Variations.
For comments please contact me at solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
For more presentations on different subjects visit my website on http://www.solohermelin.com
E. Canay and M. Eingorn
Physics of the Dark Universe 29 (2020) 100565
DOI: 10.1016/j.dark.2020.100565
https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1aydL7t6qq5DB0
https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.00437
Two distinct perturbative approaches have been recently formulated within General Relativity, arguing for the screening of gravity in the ΛCDM Universe. We compare them and show that the offered screening concepts, each characterized by its own interaction range, can peacefully coexist. Accordingly, we advance a united scheme, determining the gravitational potential at all scales, including regions of nonlinear density contrasts, by means of a simple Helmholtz equation with the effective cosmological screening length. In addition, we claim that cosmic structures may not grow at distances above this Yukawa range and confront its current value with dimensions of the largest known objects in the Universe.
A Non Local Boundary Value Problem with Integral Boundary ConditionIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: In this article a three point boundary value problem associated with a second order differential equation with integral type boundary conditions is proposed. Then its solution is developed with the help of the Green’s function associated with the homogeneous equation. Using this idea and Iteration method is proposed to solve the corresponding linear problem.
Newton™s Laws; Moment of a Vector; Gravitation; Finite Rotations; Trajectory of a Projectile with Air Resistance; The Simple Pendulum; The Linear Harmonic Oscillator; The Damped Harmonic Oscillator
The finite difference method can be considered as a direct discretization of differential equations but in finite element methods, we generate difference equations by using approximate methods with piecewise polynomial solution. In this paper, we use the Galerkin method to obtain the approximate solution of a boundary value problem. The convergence analysis of these solution are also considered.
The study is concerned with a different perspective which the numerical solution of the singularly
perturbed nonlinear boundary value problem with integral boundary condition using finite difference method on
Bakhvalov mesh. So, we show some properties of the exact solution. We establish uniformly convergent finite
difference scheme on Bakhvalov mesh. The error analysis for the difference scheme is performed. The numerical
experiment implies that the method is the first order convergent in the discrete maximum norm, independently of
휀- singular perturbation parameter with effective and efficient iterative algorithm. The numerical results are
shown in table and graphs.
In this study, nonlinear singularly perturbed problems with nonlocal condition are evaluated by finite
difference method. The exact solution 푢(푥) has boundary layers at 푥 = 0 and 푥 = 1. We present some
properties of the exact solution of the multi-point boundary value problem (1)-(3). According to the perturbation
parameter, by the method of integral identities with the use exponential basis functions and interpolating
quadrature rules with the weight and remainder terms in integral form uniformly convergent finite difference
scheme on Bakhvalov mesh is established. The error analysis for the difference scheme is performed. 휀 −
uniform convergence for approximate solution in the discrete maximum norm is provided, which is the firstorder
(O(h)). This theoretical process is applied on the sample. By Thomas Algorithm, it has been shown to be
consistent with the theoretical results of numerical results. The results were embodied in table and graphs. The
relationship between the approximate solution with the exact solution are obtained by Maple 10 computer
program.
Second-Order Phase Transition in Heisenberg Model on Triangular Lattice with ...Shu Tanaka
Our paper entitled “Second-Order Phase Transition in Heisenberg Model on Triangular Lattice with Competing Interactions" was published in Physical Review B. This work was done in collaboration with Dr. Ryo Tamura (NIMS) and Professor Naoki Kawashima (ISSP).
http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v87/i21/e214401
NIMSの田村亮さん、物性研の川島直輝教授との共同研究論文 “Second-Order Phase Transition in Heisenberg Model on Triangular Lattice with Competing Interactions" が Physical Review B に掲載されました。
http://prb.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v87/i21/e214401
Buckling of a carbon nanotube embedded in elastic medium via nonlocal elastic...IRJESJOURNAL
Abstract:- Buckling analysis of a carbon nanotube (CNT) embedded in Pasternak’s medium is investigated. Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory in conjunction with the first-order Donell’s shell theory is used. The governing equilibrium equations are obtained and solved for CNTs subjected to mechanical loads and embedded in Winkler-Pasternak’s medium. Effects of nonlocal parameter, radius and length of CNT, as well as the foundation parameters on buckling of CNT are investigated. Comparison with the available results is made.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
SOLUTIONS OF THE SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION WITH INVERSELY QUADRATIC HELLMANN PLUS ...ijrap
The solutions of the Schrödinger equation with inversely quadratic Hellmann plus Mie-type potential for
any angular momentum quantum number have been presented using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The
bound state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding un-normalized eigenfunctions are obtained in terms
of the Laguerre polynomials. Several cases of the potential are also considered and their eigen values obtained.
Describes the simulation model of the backlash effect in gear mechanisms. For undergraduate students in engineering. In the download process a lot of figures are missing.
I recommend to visit my website in the Simulation Folder for a better view of this presentation.
Please send comments to solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
For more presentations on different subjects visit my website at http://www.solohermelin.com.
Describes the mathematics of the Calculus of Variations.
For comments please contact me at solo.hermelin@gmail.com.
For more presentations on different subjects visit my website on http://www.solohermelin.com
E. Canay and M. Eingorn
Physics of the Dark Universe 29 (2020) 100565
DOI: 10.1016/j.dark.2020.100565
https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1aydL7t6qq5DB0
https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.00437
Two distinct perturbative approaches have been recently formulated within General Relativity, arguing for the screening of gravity in the ΛCDM Universe. We compare them and show that the offered screening concepts, each characterized by its own interaction range, can peacefully coexist. Accordingly, we advance a united scheme, determining the gravitational potential at all scales, including regions of nonlinear density contrasts, by means of a simple Helmholtz equation with the effective cosmological screening length. In addition, we claim that cosmic structures may not grow at distances above this Yukawa range and confront its current value with dimensions of the largest known objects in the Universe.
A Non Local Boundary Value Problem with Integral Boundary ConditionIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: In this article a three point boundary value problem associated with a second order differential equation with integral type boundary conditions is proposed. Then its solution is developed with the help of the Green’s function associated with the homogeneous equation. Using this idea and Iteration method is proposed to solve the corresponding linear problem.
Newton™s Laws; Moment of a Vector; Gravitation; Finite Rotations; Trajectory of a Projectile with Air Resistance; The Simple Pendulum; The Linear Harmonic Oscillator; The Damped Harmonic Oscillator
The finite difference method can be considered as a direct discretization of differential equations but in finite element methods, we generate difference equations by using approximate methods with piecewise polynomial solution. In this paper, we use the Galerkin method to obtain the approximate solution of a boundary value problem. The convergence analysis of these solution are also considered.
On the Analysis of the Finite Element Solutions of Boundary Value Problems Us...
Similar to Exponential decay for the solution of the nonlinear equation induced by the mathematical model in mass production process with one sided spring boundary condition byfeedback control
The study is concerned with a different perspective which the numerical solution of the singularly
perturbed nonlinear boundary value problem with integral boundary condition using finite difference method on
Bakhvalov mesh. So, we show some properties of the exact solution. We establish uniformly convergent finite
difference scheme on Bakhvalov mesh. The error analysis for the difference scheme is performed. The numerical
experiment implies that the method is the first order convergent in the discrete maximum norm, independently of
휀- singular perturbation parameter with effective and efficient iterative algorithm. The numerical results are
shown in table and graphs.
In this study, nonlinear singularly perturbed problems with nonlocal condition are evaluated by finite
difference method. The exact solution 푢(푥) has boundary layers at 푥 = 0 and 푥 = 1. We present some
properties of the exact solution of the multi-point boundary value problem (1)-(3). According to the perturbation
parameter, by the method of integral identities with the use exponential basis functions and interpolating
quadrature rules with the weight and remainder terms in integral form uniformly convergent finite difference
scheme on Bakhvalov mesh is established. The error analysis for the difference scheme is performed. 휀 −
uniform convergence for approximate solution in the discrete maximum norm is provided, which is the firstorder
(O(h)). This theoretical process is applied on the sample. By Thomas Algorithm, it has been shown to be
consistent with the theoretical results of numerical results. The results were embodied in table and graphs. The
relationship between the approximate solution with the exact solution are obtained by Maple 10 computer
program.
Time Delay and Mean Square Stochastic Differential Equations in Impetuous Sta...ijtsrd
This paper specially exhibits about the time delay and mean square stochastic differential equations in impetuous stabilization is analyzed. By projecting a delay differential inequality and using the stochastic analysis technique, a few present stage for mean square exponential stabilization are survived. It is express that an unstable stochastic delay system can be achieved some stability by impetuous. This example is also argued to derived the efficiency of the obtained results. G. Pramila | S. Ramadevi"Time Delay and Mean Square Stochastic Differential Equations in Impetuous Stabilization" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11062.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/11062/time-delay-and-mean-square-stochastic-differential-equations-in-impetuous-stabilization/g-pramila
IOSR Journal of Mathematics(IOSR-JM) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mathemetics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mathematics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Effect of an Inclined Magnetic Field on Peristaltic Flow of Williamson Fluid ...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the influence ofinclined magnetic field on peristaltic flow of an incompressible Williamson fluid in an inclined channel with heat and mass transfer. Viscous dissipation and Joule heating are taken into consideration.Channel walls have compliant properties. Analysis has been carried out through long wavelength and low Reynolds number approach. Resulting problems are solved for small Weissenberg number. Impacts of variables reflecting the salient features of wall properties, concentration and heat transfer coefficient are pointed out. Trapping phenomenon is also analyzed.
We disclose a simple and straightforward method of solving ordinary or linear partial differential equations of any order and apply it to solve the generalized Euler-Tricomi equation. The method is easier than classical methods and also didactic.
Date: Jan, 10, 202
A Probabilistic Algorithm for Computation of Polynomial Greatest Common with ...mathsjournal
In the earlier work, Knuth present an algorithm to decrease the coefficient growth in the Euclidean algorithm of polynomials called subresultant algorithm. However, the output polynomials may have a small factor which can be removed. Then later, Brown of Bell Telephone Laboratories showed the subresultant in another way by adding a variant called 𝜏 and gave a way to compute the variant. Nevertheless, the way failed to determine every 𝜏 correctly.
In this paper, we will give a probabilistic algorithm to determine the variant 𝜏 correctly in most cases by adding a few steps instead of computing 𝑡(𝑥) when given 𝑓(𝑥) and𝑔(𝑥) ∈ ℤ[𝑥], where 𝑡(𝑥) satisfies that 𝑠(𝑥)𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑡(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑟(𝑥), here 𝑡(𝑥), 𝑠(𝑥) ∈ ℤ[𝑥]
Effect of Magnetic Field on Peristaltic Flow of Williamson Fluid in a Symmetr...IOSRJM
This paper deals with the influence of magnetic field on peristaltic flow of an incompressible Williamson fluid in a symmetric channel with heat and mass transfer. Convective conditions of heat and mass transfer are employed. Viscous dissipation and Joule heating are taken into consideration.Channel walls have compliant properties. Analysis has been carried out through long wavelength and low Reynolds number approach. Resulting problems are solved for small Weissenberg number. Impacts of variables reflecting the salient features of wall properties, concentration and heat transfer coefficient are pointed out. Trapping phenomenon is also analyzed.
We give an elementary exposition of a method to obtain the infinitesimal point symmetries of Lagrangians.Besides, we exhibit the Lanczos approach to Noether’s theorem to construct the first integral associated with each symmetry.
MSC 2010:49S05, 58E30, 70H25, 70H33
Fixed Point Results for Weakly Compatible Mappings in Convex G-Metric Spaceinventionjournals
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJMSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Mathematics and Statistics, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Matrix Transformations on Some Difference Sequence SpacesIOSR Journals
The sequence spaces 𝑙∞(𝑢,𝑣,Δ), 𝑐0(𝑢,𝑣,Δ) and 𝑐(𝑢,𝑣,Δ) were recently introduced. The matrix classes (𝑐 𝑢,𝑣,Δ :𝑐) and (𝑐 𝑢,𝑣,Δ :𝑙∞) were characterized. The object of this paper is to further determine the necessary and sufficient conditions on an infinite matrix to characterize the matrix classes (𝑐 𝑢,𝑣,Δ ∶𝑏𝑠) and (𝑐 𝑢,𝑣,Δ ∶ 𝑙𝑝). It is observed that the later characterizations are additions to the existing ones
Higher-Order Squeezing of a Generic Quadratically-Coupled Optomechanical SystemIOSRJAP
Using short-time dynamics and analytical solution of Heisenberg equation of motion for the Hamiltonian of quadratically-coupled optomechanical system for different field modes, we have investigated the existence of higher-order single mode squeezing, sum squeezing and difference squeezing in absence of driving and dissipation. Depth of squeezing increases with order number for higher-order single mode squeezing. Squeezing factor exhibits a series of revival-collapse phenomena for single mode, which becomes more pronounced as order number increases. In case of sum squeezing amounts of squeezing is greater than single mode higher-order squeezing (n = 2). It is also greater than from difference squeezing for same set of interaction parameters. Sum squeezing is prominently better for extracting information regarding squeezing.
Dual Spaces of Generalized Cesaro Sequence Space and Related Matrix Mappinginventionjournals
In this paper we define the generalized Cesaro sequence spaces 푐푒푠(푝, 푞, 푠). We prove the space 푐푒푠(푝, 푞, 푠) is a complete paranorm space. In section-2 we determine its Kothe-Toeplitz dual. In section-3 we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for a matrix A to map 푐푒푠 푝, 푞, 푠 to 푙∞ and 푐푒푠(푝, 푞, 푠) to c, where 푙∞ is the space of all bounded sequences and c is the space of all convergent sequences. We also get some known and unknown results as remarks.
Elasticity, Plasticity and elastic plastic analysisJAGARANCHAKMA2
It is actually the basis of structural engineering to study elasticity and plasticity analysis. So people who are also studying in various fields of structure and need to analyze finite element analysis also need to study this basis.
Similar to Exponential decay for the solution of the nonlinear equation induced by the mathematical model in mass production process with one sided spring boundary condition byfeedback control (20)
In order to study the WGS on an industrial scale at a low pressure, the modeling andsimulation of a WGS reactor operating at a pressure close to Patm and processing an industrial charge in the presence of a high temperature shift catalyst (Fe2O3/Cr2O3) were performed. The Profiles of the carbon monoxide conversion, temperature and pressure along the reactor were obtained. The effect of several operating parameters (inlet temperature, H2O/CO ratio) on the conversion of carbon monoxide along the reactor has been determined. The estimated catalytic mass to convert 60.5% of the carbon monoxide contained in the inlet is 170.76 t. The pressure drops in the reactor are not negligible and the maximum temperaturereached is without any harmful effect on the catalyst. The choice of an optimal inlet temperature and a high H2O/CO ratio improves the conversion of carbon monoxide.
As we are all aware,therecent discovery of the Higgs boson has revealed a highly massive particle, the value of which lies between 125and 126.5 GeV/c2.. According to the basic concepts of Quantum Mechanics, and in full compliance with the Uncertainty Principle and Yukawa intuitions, we were able to calculate the maximum limit of the Higgs boson‟s field of action. From the calculations show that the Higgs boson presents a range of action really very small, namely 9.8828∙10-16[cm], that is slightly smaller than 10-15[cm]. This value is justified by the considerable mass that the Higgs bosonacquires, in perfect agreement with the Uncertainty Principle.
The dependencies of total pressure, velocity, vorticity, turbulent length, turbulent dissipation, turbulent viscosity, turbulent energy and turbulent time of moving fluid from a straight pipe length of a circular cross section are presented in graphical and mathematical forms. Changing analysis of considered parameters was performed at mass flow rates of 0.45, 1.0 and 1.5 kg/s. A transition boundary of laminar flow of fluid to turbulent flow is at the distance of 2/5 of length from the inlet of the pipe (at accepted total length of the pipe of 1000 mm).
This paper considers the problem of magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) Newtonian and non-Newtonian nano fluid flow passing on a magnetic sphere with mixed convection effect. Nano Fluid is a combination of liquid fluid as a base fluid with small solid nano particles. Water is chosen as Newtonian base fluid and oil is chosen as non-Newtonian base fluid. Then, Alumina and Copper are chosen as solid particle in nano fluid. We further construct governing equation by applying continuity equation, momentum equation, and energy equation to obtain dimensional governing equations. The dimensional governing equations that have been obtained are converted into non-dimensional governing equations by substituting non-dimensional variables. The non-dimensional governing equations are further transformed into similarity equations using stream function and solved numerically using Euler Implicit Finite Difference method. We further analyse the effect of magnetic parameter towards velocity and temperature in MHD nano fluid flow. The results show that the increases of magnetic parameter impacts to the decrease of velocity and temperature. Then, the velocity and temperature of Newtonian nano fluid are higher than the velocity and temperature of non-Newtonian nano fluid. Also, the velocity and temperature of copper-water are higher than the velocity and temperature of Alumina-water.
Building materials used for the walls of simple houses in lower-middle-class areas in Indonesia are currently dominated by brick. This study proposes that soil-paper blocks coated with calcium silicate board may be a suitable alternative, with high embodied energy and density. The research aims to obtain an optimal wall thickness to provide protection against cooling and embodied energy in low income houses, as well as against the temperature conditions in these buildings in highland and lowland areas. Determination of wall thickness is performed by simulation of a 9 m2 building model with thick variables. Cooling calculations involved the use of Archipak software. Temperature measurements were carried out using a data logger on a sample of soil-paper blocks. The results indicate that the optimal wall thickness for protection against cooling and embodied energy is 8 cm. Soil-paper block has a lower density than brick. The use of calcium silicate boards does not affect the internal temperature of a low income house, but they can be used as protection against rainwater and as a substitute for wall plastering.
Adaptive-optimal control involves re-identification of the machining process and the model obtained is used to calculate the optimal process parameters.
Optimal control characterizes the addiction of the technical and economic indicators to process parameters. Characteristic for performance technical indicators is that their dependence to parameter values of process has a limitative, what leads to one of the following conclusions, appropriately or inappropriately, and therefore can serve as restrictions in optimization problem.
Economic indicators have a continuous dependence of process parameters and therefore they are used as objective functions.
Knowledge management (KM) has become an effective way of managing organization‟s intellectual capital or, in other words, organization‟s full experience, skills and knowledge that is relevant for more effective performance in future. The paper proposes a knowledge management to achieve a competitive control of the machining systems. Then an application of Knowledge Management in engineering has been attempted to explain. The model can be used by the manager for the choosing of competitive orders.
Ceftriaxone is one of the third generations of cephalosporin antibiotics and commercially found as a sodium salt. The market demand for it is still high in recent years, including in Indonesia. However, there is no local production manufacture yet. A high yield of ceftriaxone sodium would be an advantage in industrial scale. Ceftriaxone was synthesized by reacting 7–amino–3–[(2,5–dihydro–6–hydroxy–2–methyl–5–oxo–1,2,4–triazin–3–yl) thiomethyl] cephalosporanic acid (7-ACT) with 2-Mercaptobenzothiazolyl (Z)-2-(2-Aminothiazole-4-yl)-2-Methoxyimino Acetate (MAEM) then with sodium salt in basic condition. The product was generated by solventing-out using acetone. The products were analyzed by HPLC quantitatively and the structure was confirmed using FTIR, MS and NMR. In this research, the variation in the mole ratio of reactants against the yield of product was evaluated. The result showed that the variations in mole ratio reactants affect the yield production. The higher ratio of MAEM would be the higher yield is obtained. The results show that the yield was 72,17% at mole ratio 1:2 which has 99,32% purity. This result could be a consideration in industrial production scale in ceftriaxone sodium preparation.
The challenges of river water quality management are so enormous, due to the unpredictive modes of contamination. Monitoring different sources of pollutant load contribution to the river basin is also quite tasking, resulting to laborious and expensive process which sometimes lead to analytical errors. This study deals with the assessment of the physico– chemicaland bacteriological parameters of water samples from River Amba during the period of August 2017 to January 2018 and developing regression models. Water quality Parameters such as Temperature, Turbidity (NTU), Suspended solids (mg/l), Colour, Total solids, Total dissolved solids, Electrical conductivity (μs/cm), pH, Hardness, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and Total Coliform were obtained and compared with water quality standards. The results of the water quality analysis of the study in comparison with drinking water quality standard issued byWorld Health Organization(WHO) and National Agency for Food and Drug Administration Control (NAFDAC) revealed that most of the water quality parameters were not adequate to pronounce the water potable. Hence adequate water treatment processes should be employed to make the water fit for consumption and other domestic uses. Statistical analysis was done, in which the systematic correlation and regressionanalysis showed a significant linear relationship between different pairs of water quality parameters. The highest correlation coefficient between different pairs of parameters obtained is (r = 0.999), resulting from the correlation between TS and SS. Multiple regression analysis was also carried out and regression equations were developed. It was observed that the parameters studied had a positive correlation with each other.
Time, in the globalized world, is one of the most important factors about the economy, science and health. Mankind has made various efforts to use time efficiently for many years. In these studies transport came to the fore and it has become indispensable. In the light of today's technological conditions, air transport is developing at an increasing rate. Every day many aircrafts are produced, which have different speeds, weight and volume, for serve to transport. Therefore to make structures for easy and safe transport need a stable soil. Particularly suitable areas for the airport grounds in cities today, not being physically proper that construction of the airport made on soil with low bearing capacity, swelling potential of an expansive soil, settlement of soil etc, areas. In this study, soil problems encountered in the construction of airports will be explained and a summary of studies on the solution of these problems will be presented.
People in a big city as Antananarivo, capital of Madagascar, have leads to take street foods for their daily nutritional needs. This food habits may be a risk for consumers due to contaminations from street environment and bad practices related to hygiene. This study aimed to examine the quality and safety of street vended foods in Antananarivo, on January 2016 to December 2017.Six hundred and sixty two samples including 126samples of melting salads, 70 beef skewers, 54 chicken skewers, and typical Malagasy foods as : mofoanana (67 samples), mofogasy (64 samples), ramanonaka (64), makasaoka (66), mofoakondro (62) and kobandravina(89);were randomly collected from the streetvendors in Antananarivo marketsto evaluate their bacteriological quality.International Methods (ISO) was adopted for to find the load of Total Aerobic Bacteria andEnterobateriaceae,Escherichia coli and to search pathogen bacteria as Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157H7 and Bacillus cereus in these foods.The results revealed that the mean values ofthe Total Aerobic Bacteria count was 0.1x106- 4.8x106cfu/g. Enterobacteriaceaecount range from 0.4x102 to 1.9x102cfu/g. Escherichia coli count range from 0.04x102cfu/g. to 0.19 x102cfu/g.Salmonellawas only present in melting salads, beef skewers and chicken skewers samples. Bacillus cereus count range from 0,1x102 to 1,5x102cfu/g. Campylobacter jejuniwas only present in samples of ramanonaka and kobandravina. Two strains of presumptive Eschercichia coli O157 H7 (βglucuronidase -) were isolated. PCR method was used to confirm the identity of these two isolates. A high contamination above 106 cfu/g food and the presence of potential pathogens bacteria could be hazardous. Systematic inspections and training of food vendors on food hygiene and application of hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) has been recognised as measures to guarantee improvement of the quality of street foods.
In order to clean up soils contaminated with hydrocarbons, the bioremediation activity of Pseudomonas putida was studied. Pseudomonas putida is a bacterium that can withstand the harshest environmental conditions. It is able to metabolize a wide range of petroleum hydrocarbons which is used as a source of carbon and energy. Given the potential of this microorganism, an experiment wasconducted on this strain.
For the isolation of this microorganism, a sample ofsoil from the Vakinankaratra region in the urban commune of Antsirabe II, Madagascar was microbiologically analysed. The bacterial identification was based on a study of the morphological, physicochemical and sequential analysis of the 16S rDNA gene.
Scored tablets provide dose flexibility, ease of swallowing and cost savings. However, some problems with scored tablets can be confronted like difficulty of breaking, unequally breaking and loss of mass upon breaking. This paper investigates the effect of score lines on the density distribution using continuum modelling. In keeping with previous work in the pharmaceutical field, a modified Drucker Prager Cap model is described briefly and used in the simulations. Coulomb friction is included between powder and tools. The microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) Vivapur® 102 was used to identify the model parameters using experimental tests with instrumented die, shear cell and diametrical crushing. The obtained results indicate that simulations may be useful not only to determine density distributions within tablets, but also may provide indications about performance of score lines.
In a plethora of countries, buildings are adapted to the local climate condition using sustainable architecture techniques and materials, thereby the highest level of climatic comfort is provided. For example, the walls and roofs reflecting sunlight have been used for centuries in the warm regions of the world, while in the cold regions, the maximum use of solar energy has been tended.
The process of modernization has created a high density, thereby demand for fast and affordable constructions in cities has subsequently increased, resulting in reduced attention to environmentally sustainable architecture techniques that, in turn, has led to the financial loss and scarcity of non-renewable energy resources over long periods of time.
Regarding the energy crisis and the necessity of saving non-renewable energy, the reduced need to use heating/cooling systems is assumed to be one of the key goals in advanced building design.
The present study was conducted based on causal research and simulation. Design Builder thermal simulation software was used as the tool to this end. Therefore, a building with/out solar chimney was modeled and analyzed to identify the effect of solar chimney on the amount of energy used for heating.
The control of motor rotation speed by the change of resistor resistance value in armature circuit is called ‘resistor control”. For the regulation of resistance value R0, included in armature winding circuit, we can use various technical solutions. The most used solution is the discrete variation of armature added resistance value by shunting its parts with contactors contacts. Nowadays, the change of resistor resistance in armature circuit can be realized by shunting with a given porosity γ of resistor R0 trough electronic keys. In this paper, we study the design of control system represented on figure 1.
A poultry yield prediction model have then designed using a data mining and machine learning technique called Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm. The developed model has been optimized and pruned using the Reduced Error Pruning (REP) algorithm to improve prediction accuracy. An algorithm to make the prediction model flexible and capable of making predictions irrespective of poultry size or population has been proposed. The model can be used by poultry farmers to predict yield even before a breeding season. The model can also be used to help farmers take decisions to ensure desirable yield at the end of the breeding season.
Today, Web site design is used to make sites useful to users, with accessible functions, resources and information. Therefore, that design involves use of methodologies that allow an adequate structuring of them resources and organization, permitting users to access them quickly, easily and intuitively. This research consisted of a usability study oriented to website structure designers using a methodology based on concepts of ontology design. This study includes a planning to evaluate the design and the structure of website in aspects such as: ease of use, efficient access to information and performance on the tasks focused to total satisfaction of end user. Heuristic tests were used as diagnostic tools to evaluate usability of website design structures; these were supported by a heuristic evaluation guide and in the Sirius methodology[3]. The results obtained from them, allowed us to detect opportunities for improvement and optimization in website design, and in refining the Web interface oriented to end users.
Acceptance of a website is determined by various factors, one of the most important is the organization that allows users to access to functions, resources and information that it contains. This work consisted of a study of comparative usability between a website designed using principles of linguistics and design of ontologies and other using a strategy of a commercial product. A plan was designed and applied to evaluate the following aspects of website: ease of use, efficiency to access its information, efficacy to perform tasks and user satisfaction. Heuristic and user tests were used as diagnostic tools in usability evaluations, and an observation guide was made by an external evaluator as a complement to previous tests. The results clearly shown that is better use the proposed website design methodology. This allows to create site more structured, functional and with greater ease of access to resources that it contain.
Epoxidized sunflower oil (ESO) has been used to toughen epoxy resin GELR 128 cured with an accelerated aliphatic amine curing agent (Kingcure K-11) at room temperature. There was difference in the properties of the polymer composite materials based on epoxy resin GELR 128 cured by Kingcure K-11 between two processes: one-stage process and two-stage process for mixing ESO with epoxy resin GELR 128 at various content of ESO. The results showed that the two-stage process is considered to be more advantageous than the one-stage process. It can be concluded that the impact strength, critical stress intensity factor Kic and decomposition temperature of the polymer composite materials based on epoxy resin GELR 128 cured by Kingcure K-11 with content of ESO 5 phr in two-stage process was greater ones in one-stage process (impact strength: 35.012 kJ/m2, Kic: 2.72 MPa and decomposition temperature: 385.81 0C respectively).
A Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) monitors a network for malicious activities or policy violations [1]. The Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) is a full virtualization solution for Linux on x86 hardware virtualization extensions [2]. We design and implement a back-propagation network intrusion detection system in KVM. Compared to traditional Back Propagation (BP) NIDS, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to improve efficiency. The results show an improved system in terms of recall and precision along with missing detection rates.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Exponential decay for the solution of the nonlinear equation induced by the mathematical model in mass production process with one sided spring boundary condition byfeedback control
1. International Journal of Innovation Engineering and Science Research
Open Access
Volume 2 Issue 1 January 2018 30|P a g e
ABSTRACT
Exponential decay for the solution of the
nonlinear equation induced by the mathematical
model in mass production process with one sided
spring boundary condition byfeedback control
Daewook Kim
Department of Mathematics and Education, Seowon University, Cheongju 28674,South
Korea
This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(Grant
NRF-2016R1C1B1016288).
In this paper we consider the initial-boundary value problem for a nonlinear equation induced with
respect to the mathematical models in mass production process with the one sided spring boundary
condition by boundary feedback control. We establish the asymptotic behavior of solutions to this
problem in time, and give an example and simulation to illustrate our results. Results of this paper are
able to apply industrial parts such as a typical model widely used to represent threads, wires, magnetic
tapes, belts, band saws, and so on.
Keyword:Mass production process asymptotic Behavior one sided spring boundary condition
boundary feedback control
I. Introduction
In this paper, we consider the following initial-boundary value problem for a nonlinear Kirchhoff type
equation with one sided spring boundary conditions by boundary feedback control with respect to the
mathematical models in mass production process :
𝑢𝑡𝑡 (𝑥, 𝑡) − 𝑎(𝑥)𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
)Δ𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) + 𝐾𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) (1)
+𝜆𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 𝑡) + 𝜂𝑢 𝑥𝑡 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 0, (𝑥, 𝑡) ∈ (0,1) × (0, 𝑇);
𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 0, 𝑎(1)𝑢 𝑥 (1, 𝑡) + 1 𝑢(1, 𝑡) = 𝑠(𝑡), 𝑡 ∈ (0, 𝑇); (2)
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑢0(𝑥), 𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 0) = 𝑢1(𝑥), 𝑥 ∈ (0,1), (3)
where 𝐾, 𝜂 and 1 are given nonnegative constants; 𝜆, and 𝑇, the given positive constants;
𝑢0, 𝑢1, 𝑎(𝑥), and 𝐵, the given functions; and 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡), the transversal displacement of the strip at
spatial coordinate 𝑥 and time 𝑡. The hypotheses on these functions for our purpose will be specified
later. (1) describes the nonlinear vibrations of an elastic string. And also, (2) means both ends
attached with springs depends on spring constant 1. In (1), 𝜆𝑢𝑡 is called a weak damping term and
we call −𝜆Δ𝑢𝑡 instead of 𝜆𝑢𝑡 a strong damping term. We also consider the following control function
in (2) as a feedback control:
2. Daewook Kim“International Journal of Innovation Engineering and Science Research”
Volume 2 Issue 1 January 2018 31|P a g e
𝑠(𝑡) = −2 𝑢𝑡 (1, 𝑡) − 3sin𝑡, 𝑡 ≥ 0, (4)
where 2 and 3 are positive constants under the condition sin𝑡 < 2𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
)cos𝑡.
Mathematical models in mass production process, control engineering, and biological system
are often governed by nonlinear Kirchhoff type equations. The purpose of this paper is to study the
existence and uniqueness of solutions of the model system with mixed boundary conditions. Moreover
stability problems which investigate decay estimates of energy for the model system, are given.
Recently, the important problem of vibration suppression of axially moving string-like continua
has received attention by our results [10, 11, 12, 13]. Axially moving string is a typical model widely
used to represent threads, wires, belt, magnetic tape, cables and band-saws, especially when the
subject concerned is long and narrow enough. Several our results have derived and studied linear and
nonlinear mathematical models which describe the movement of such systems [10, 11]. And also,
some our result has derived and studied some engineering system with respect to boundary feedback
control [12].
Its original equation is given by
𝜌
∂2 𝑢
∂𝑡2 = (𝑝0 +
𝐸
2𝐿
𝐿
0
(
∂𝑢
∂𝑥
)2
𝑑𝑥)
∂2 𝑢
∂𝑥2 (5)
for 0 < 𝑥 < 𝐿, 𝑡 ≥ 0, where 𝑢 = 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) is the lateral displacement at the space coordinate 𝑥 and
time 𝑡; 𝐸, theyoung’smodulus; 𝜌, the mass density; , the cross section area; 𝐿, the length; and
𝑝0, the initial axial tension. This equation was first introduced by Kirchhoff [14](See Carrier[5]); hence,
(5) is known as the Kirchhoff-type equation. When 𝐾 = 𝜆 = 𝜂 = 0 and the Cauchy or mixed problem
for (1) has been studied by many authors(see [18, 8]). In particular, many authors have investigated
the nonlinear wave equation when 𝑎(𝑥) ≡ 1 without the coriolis force term (i.e., 𝜂 = 0) acting on the
system (1)-(3)(see [18, 8, 21, 7, 2, 16, 17]).
On the other hand, in Chen et al.[6] investigated the equation
∂2 𝑢
∂𝑡2 + 2𝛾
∂2 𝑢
∂𝑡 ∂𝑥
+ (𝛾2
− 1)
∂2 𝑢
∂𝑥2 =
3𝐸
2
∂2 𝑢
∂𝑥2
∂𝑢
∂𝑥
2
, (6)
where 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) is the transverse displacement at the axial coordinate 𝑥 and time 𝑡; 𝛾, the axial
speed; and 𝐸, the Young’s modulus (all dimensionless). Furthermore, Aassila and Kaya[1]
investigated the system (1)-(3) with 𝑎(𝑥) ≥ 𝑎0 > 0 and 𝑎(𝑥), 𝑎 𝑥 (𝑥) ∈ 𝐿∞
(Ω), and the Dirichlet
boundary condition without the coriolis force and forcing and dissipative terms. In case of system with
mixed boundaries, some systems with various boundaries are studed by Bentsman and Hong[3],
Vitillaro[20], Bociu and Lasiecka[4] and so on. In addition, Long[16] investigated the system (1)-(3) with
𝑎(𝑥) = 1 and without the coriolis force. The authors mentioned above have only studied the local
existence(no global existence) of solutions to their problems because of the nonlinearity of the term
𝑎(𝑥)𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢 ∥2
). And also, many researchers(See [3, 9]) investigated the asymptotic behavior of a
solution for various practical systems by using some simulation.
The first objective of this paper is to verify the exponential decay for solutions to the system
(1)-(3) with the boundary feedback control; For the guarantee of the energy decay of solutions to the
system (1)-(3), we give the global existence result for the main system. Lastly, we try to show the
system with controlled free boundary rather than without control has more stabilized vibration at the
boundary by using simulation results.
II. Preliminaries
Throughout the paper, we will abbreviate to some notations Ω = (0,1), 𝑇 > 0, 𝐿 𝑝
= 𝐿 𝑝
(Ω), 𝐻1
=
𝐻1
(Ω), 𝐻2
= 𝐻2
(Ω), where 𝐻1
, 𝐻2
are the usual Sobolev spaces on Ω.
3. Daewook Kim“International Journal of Innovation Engineering and Science Research”
Volume 2 Issue 1 January 2018 32|P a g e
The norm in 𝐿2
is denoted by ∥⋅∥. We also denote by 〈⋅,⋅〉 the scalar product in 𝐿2
or pair of
dual scalar product of continuous linear functional with an element of a function space. We denote by
∥⋅∥ 𝑋 the norm of a Banach space 𝑋 and by 𝑋′ the dual space of 𝑋. We denote by 𝐿 𝑝
(0, 𝑇; 𝑋),
1 ≤ 𝑝 ≤ ∞ for the Banach space of the real functions 𝑢: (0, 𝑇) → 𝑋 measurable, such that
∥ 𝑢 ∥ 𝐿 𝑝 (0,𝑇;𝑋)= (
𝑇
0
∥ 𝑢(𝑡) ∥ 𝑋
𝑝
𝑑𝑡)1/𝑝
for1 ≤ 𝑝 < ∞,
and
∥ 𝑢 ∥ 𝐿∞(0,𝑇;𝑋)= e𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑝
0<𝑡<𝑇
∥ 𝑢(𝑡) ∥ 𝑋 for𝑝 = ∞.
And also we put for some positive 𝑀,
𝑊(𝑀, 𝑇) = {𝑣 ∈ 𝐿∞
(0, 𝑇; 𝐻2
): 𝑣𝑡 ∈ 𝐿∞
(0, 𝑇; 𝐻1
(Ω)), 𝑣𝑡𝑡 ∈ 𝐿∞
(0, 𝑇; 𝐿2
(Ω)), (7)
∥ 𝑣 ∥ 𝐿∞(0,𝑇;𝐻2(Ω))≤ 𝑀, ∥ 𝑣𝑡 ∥ 𝐿∞(0,𝑇;𝐻1)≤ 𝑀, ∥ 𝑣𝑡𝑡 ∥ 𝐿∞(0,𝑇;𝐿2)≤ 𝑀, (8)
|𝑢(1, 𝑡)| ≤ 𝑀, |𝑢𝑡 (1, 𝑡)| ≤ 𝑀}. (9)
Lemma 2.1 (𝑏1, 𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚6.2.1, 𝑝. 137) There exists the Hilbert orthonormal base {𝑤𝑗 } of 𝐿2
consisting of the eigenfunctions 𝑤𝑗 corresponding to the eigenvalue 𝜆𝑗 such that
0 < 𝜆1 ≤ 𝜆2 ≤ ⋯ ≤ 𝜆𝑗 ≤ ⋯ , lim
𝑗→+∞
𝜆𝑗 = +∞ (10)
Furthermore, the sequence {𝑤𝑗 / 𝜆𝑗 } is also the Hilbert orthonormal base of 𝐻1
. On the other hand,
we have also 𝑤𝑗 satisfying the following boundary value problem:
−Δ𝑤𝑗 = 𝜆𝑗 𝑤𝑗 , 𝑖𝑛Ω, (11)
𝑎(1)𝑤𝑗𝑥 + 1 𝑤𝑗 (1) = 0, 𝑤𝑗 ∈ 𝐶∞
(Ω). (12)
Lemma 2.2 (𝑎1, 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑𝐼𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚) The embedding 𝑉°𝐶0
(𝛺) is compact, where
∥ 𝑣 ∥ 𝑉=∥ 𝛻𝑣(𝑡) ∥ and
∥ 𝑣 ∥ 𝐶0(Ω)≤ 2 ∥ 𝑣 ∥ 𝑉 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑣 ∈ 𝑉. (13)
The proof of Lemma 2.2 is also straightforward and we omit it.
III. The existence and uniqueness theorem of solution
We make the following assumptions:
(𝐴1)1 ≥ 0, 𝐾 ≥ 0, 𝜆 > 0, 𝜂 ≥ 0 and 2𝜆 ≤ 𝜂;
(𝐴2)𝑎(𝑥) > 0 for all 𝑥 ∈ Ω, 𝑎(𝑥) ∈ 𝐿∞
(Ω), 𝑎 𝑥 (𝑥) ∈ 𝐿∞
(Ω);
(𝐴3)0 < 𝑙1 ≤ e𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑓0≤𝑥≤1 𝑎(𝑥), e𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑝0≤𝑥≤1 𝑎(𝑥) ≤ 𝐿1, 𝐿1(< +∞) > 0;
(𝐴4)0 < 𝑙2 ≤ e𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑓0≤𝑥≤1 𝑎 𝑥 (𝑥), e𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑝0≤𝑥≤1 𝑎 𝑥 (𝑥) ≤ 𝐿2, 𝐿2(< +∞) > 0;
(𝐴5)𝐵 ∈ 𝐶1
(ℝ+), 𝐵(𝜏) ≥ 𝑏0 > 0, 𝐵′(𝜏) < 𝛿, where 𝛿 is a positive constant,
4. Daewook Kim“International Journal of Innovation Engineering and Science Research”
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0 < 𝜏 ≤∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑇;
(𝐴6)𝐾0 = 𝐾0(𝑀, 𝑇) = sup0≤𝜏≤𝑀2 𝐵(𝜏) > 0 for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑇.
Theorem 3.1 (Global Existence)
Let 𝐵: [0, +∞] → [0, +∞] satisfy the non-degeneracy condition (𝑖. 𝑒. 𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢0 ∥2
) > 0). Let us
assume that (𝐴1)-(𝐴6) hold and initial data (𝑢0, 𝑢1) ∈ 𝐻2
(Ω) × 𝐻1
(Ω).
Then there exists a positive number 𝑀 for every 𝑇 > 0 such that the system (1)-(3) admits a
unique global solution 𝑢 in 𝑊(𝑀, 𝑇).
Proof. ByusingGalerkin’sapproximation,Lemma2.1,Lemma2.2andaroutineprocedure
similar to that of cite [10], we can the global existence result for the solution subject to (1)-(3) under
the assumptions(𝐴1)-(𝐴6).
Remark 3.2 In case of system using strong damping term instead of weak damping term, we
can easily get the same result of solutions guaranteed by the boundedness of 𝑅 𝑚 (𝑡) which is using
the above proof.
Now we introduce an example to illustrate Theorem 3.1 as follows:
Example 3.3 We consider the following nonlinear wave equation with spring boundary
conditions
𝑢𝑡𝑡 (𝑥, 𝑡) − exp 𝑥 ∥ ∇𝑢 ∥2
Δ𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) + 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) + 𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 𝑡) + 𝑢 𝑥𝑡 (𝑥, 𝑡) = 0
𝑖𝑛 (𝑥, 𝑡) ∈ (0,1) × (0, ∞),
𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 0, exp 1 𝑢 𝑥 (1, 𝑡) = −𝑢(1, 𝑡) + 𝑠(𝑡) 𝑜𝑛 (0, ∞),
𝑢(𝑥, 0) = exp −64 𝑥 −
1
2
2
, 𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 0) = 0 𝑖𝑛 (0,1),
where 𝛿(> 0) is a constant. We can choose the suitable constants 2, 3 of 𝑠(𝑡) in (4).
Actually, the above example satisfies the assumptions (𝐴1)-(𝐴6) and the given conditions for
existence. Therefore, its global unique existence is guaranteed by Theorem 3.1.
IV. Asymptotic Behavior
In this section, we study the asymptotic behavior of the generalized energy as 𝑡 → +∞
𝐹(𝑡) =
1
2
∥ 𝑢𝑡 (𝑡) ∥2
+
1
0
𝑎(𝑥)𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
)|∇𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡)|2
𝑑𝑥 + 𝐾 ∥ 𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
+
1 𝑏0
2
|𝑢(1, 𝑡)|2
+ 3 𝑏0 𝑢(1, 𝑡)sin𝑡,
(14)
where 𝑢 is the unique solution of the system (1)-(3) given by Theorem 3.1.
To continue the proof, we need to introduce three new functionals
𝐸0(𝑡) =
1
2
1
0
|𝑢𝑡 (𝑡)|2
+ |∇𝑢(𝑡)|2
𝑑𝑥, (15)
𝐸(𝑡) =
1
2
1
0
|𝑢𝑡 (𝑡)|2
+ 𝑎(𝑥)𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
)|∇𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡)|2
+ 𝐾|𝑢(𝑡)|2
𝑑𝑥,(16)
𝐹(𝑡) = 𝐸(𝑡) +
1 𝑏0
2
|𝑢(1, 𝑡)|2
+ 3 𝑏0 𝑢(1, 𝑡)sin𝑡. (17)
In general, we say that 𝐸0(𝑡) is the kinetic energy and 𝐸(𝑡) is the energy including not only
kinetic facts but also potential facts.
5. Daewook Kim“International Journal of Innovation Engineering and Science Research”
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Theorem 4.1 (Energy Decay)
Let 𝑞 > 𝜂 + 𝐿1 𝛿 ≥ 0 and 𝜆 ≥
𝐿2
2 𝐾0
2
𝐿1 𝛿
≥ 0, and suppose that every definition and hypothesis in
the previous chapter holds. Then, the solution 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) of the system (1)-(3) satisfies the following
energy decay estimates: There exists a positive constant 𝐶4 such that
𝐸 𝑡 ≤ 𝛼1 𝐸0 0 exp −𝐶4 𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡 ≥ 0.
Proof. Multiplying the first equation in the system (1)-(3) by 𝑢𝑡 and applying the boundary condition
(2), we have
1
2
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
∥ 𝑢𝑡 (𝑡) ∥2
+
1
0
𝑎 𝑥 (𝑥)𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
)𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 𝑡)𝑢 𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥
+
1
2
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
1
0
𝑎(𝑥)𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
)𝑢 𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑡)𝑢 𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥
−
1
2
1
0
𝑎(𝑥)(𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
))′𝑢 𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑡)𝑢 𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥
+
1
2
𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
)
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
|𝑢(1, 𝑡)|2
+ 3 𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
)
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
(𝑢(1, 𝑡)sin𝑡)
+2 𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
)|𝑢𝑡 (1, 𝑡)|2
− 3 𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
)𝑢(1, 𝑡)cos𝑡
+
𝐾
2
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
∥ 𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
+ 𝜆 ∥ 𝑢𝑡 (𝑡) ∥2
+ 𝜂
1
0
𝑢 𝑥𝑡 (𝑥, 𝑡)𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥 = 0.
Dividing both sides by 𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
) since 𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
) > 0, we get
1
2𝐵(∥∇𝑢(𝑡)∥2)
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
∥ 𝑢𝑡 (𝑡) ∥2
+
1
0
𝑎(𝑥)𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
)|∇𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡)|2
𝑑𝑥 + 𝐾 ∥ 𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
+
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
1
2
|𝑢(1, 𝑡)|2
+ 3 𝑢(1, 𝑡)sin𝑡
+
1
2𝐵(∥∇𝑢(𝑡)∥2)
1
0
𝑎 𝑥 (𝑥)𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
)𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 𝑡)𝑢 𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥
−
1
4𝐵(∥∇𝑢(𝑡)∥2)
1
0
𝑎(𝑥)(𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
))′𝑢 𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑡)𝑢 𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥
+2|𝑢𝑡 (1, 𝑡)|2
− 3 𝑢(1, 𝑡)cos𝑡
+
1
2𝐵(∥∇𝑢(𝑡)∥2)
𝜆 ∥ 𝑢𝑡 (𝑡) ∥2
+ 𝜂
1
0
𝑢 𝑥𝑡 (𝑥, 𝑡)𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 𝑡)𝑑𝑥
= 0.
From the assumptions (𝐴3)-(𝐴6) and the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, we deduce that
1
2𝐵(∥∇𝑢(𝑡)∥2)
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
∥ 𝑢𝑡 (𝑡) ∥2
+
1
0
𝑎(𝑥)𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
)|∇𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡)|2
𝑑𝑥 + 𝐾 ∥ 𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
+
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
1
2
|𝑢(1, 𝑡)|2
+ 3 𝑢(1, 𝑡)sin𝑡
+
1
2𝐵(∥∇𝑢(𝑡)∥2)
𝜆 − 𝜀𝐿2 𝐾0 −
𝜂
2
∥ 𝑢𝑡 (𝑡) ∥2
+ 𝑞 −
𝐿2 𝐾0
2𝜀
−
𝜂
2
∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
−
1
2𝐵(∥∇𝑢(𝑡)∥2)
𝑞 +
𝐿1 𝛿
2
−
𝐿2 𝐾0
4𝜀
∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
+
1
2𝐵(∥∇𝑢(𝑡)∥2)
3 𝑢(1, 𝑡)sin𝑡 ≤ 0,
where sin𝑡 < 2𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
)cos𝑡.
6. Daewook Kim“International Journal of Innovation Engineering and Science Research”
Volume 2 Issue 1 January 2018 35|P a g e
Letting
𝐿2 𝐾0
2𝑞−𝜂
≤ 𝜀 ≤
𝐿2 𝐾0
2(𝜂+𝐿1 𝛿)
by the condition for 𝑞 of Theorem 4.1 which is the positive
constant and using the global existence results(i.e., ∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥≤ 𝑀), we have
1
2𝐵(∥∇𝑢(𝑡)∥2)
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
∥ 𝑢𝑡 (𝑡) ∥2
+
1
0
𝑎(𝑥)𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
)|∇𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡)|2
𝑑𝑥 + 𝐾 ∥ 𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
+
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
1
2
|𝑢(1, 𝑡)|2
+ 3 𝑢(1, 𝑡)sin𝑡 (18)
+
1
2𝐵(∥∇𝑢(𝑡)∥2)
𝐶1 ∥ 𝑢𝑡 (𝑡) ∥2
+ 𝐶2 ∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
+ 3 𝑢(1, 𝑡)sin𝑡 ≤ 0,
where 𝐶1 = 𝜆 − 𝜀𝐿2 𝐾0 −
𝜂
2
, 𝐶2 = 𝑞 −
𝐿2 𝐾0
2𝜀
−
𝜂
2
and 𝐶1, 𝐶2 are nonnegative constants from the
assumptions of Theorem 4.1.
Multiplying (18) by the Kirchhoff part 𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
), we get the following result from (𝐴5):
1
2
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
∥ 𝑢𝑡 (𝑡) ∥2
+
1
0
𝑎(𝑥)𝐵(∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
)|∇𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡)|2
𝑑𝑥 + 𝐾 ∥ 𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
+
1
2
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
1 𝑏0|𝑢(1, 𝑡)|2
+ 3 𝑢(1, 𝑡)sin𝑡
+
𝐶3
2
∥ 𝑢𝑡 (𝑡) ∥2
+∥ ∇𝑢(𝑡) ∥2
+ 3 𝑢(1, 𝑡)sin𝑡 ≤ 0,
where 𝐶3 = min 1, 𝐶1, 𝐶2 .
From (14)-(17), we deduce that
𝑑
𝑑𝑡
𝐹(𝑡) +
𝐶3
2
𝐸0(𝑡) ≤ 0. (19)
Proposition 1 (Energy equivalence)
𝛼0 𝐸0 𝑡 ≤ 𝐹 𝑡 ≤ 𝛼1 𝐸0 𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑡 ≥ 0,
where 𝛼0 = min 1, 𝑙1 𝑏0 + 𝐾 and 𝛼1 = max 1, 𝐾, 𝐿1 𝐾0, 𝑏0 1 + 1 𝑀 .
Proof. By the assumptions (𝐴3) and (𝐴6), we have
max 1, 𝐾, 𝐿1 𝐾0, 𝑏0(1 + 1)M 𝐸0(𝑡) ≥ F(𝑡).
And also, applying the assumptions (𝐴3) and (𝐴6), Lemma 2.2, and the positivity of
1 𝑏0
2
|𝑢(1, 𝑡)|2
, we
deduce
min 1, 𝑙1 𝑏0 + 𝐾 𝐸0(𝑡) ≤ 𝐹(𝑡).
From (19) and Proposition 1, we get
𝐸0 𝑡 ≤ 𝐸0 0 exp −𝐶4 𝑡 for all 𝑡 ≥ 0 and as 𝑡 → +∞,
where 𝐶4 is a positive constant.
From Proposition 1, we get 𝐹(𝑡) ≤ 𝛼1 𝐸0(𝑡). This implies that
𝐹(𝑡) ≤ 𝛼1 𝐸0(0)exp{−𝐶4 𝑡} for all 𝑡 ≥ 0 and as 𝑡 → +∞.
By the positivity of
1 𝑏0
2
|𝑢(1, 𝑡)|2
, we also deduce
𝐸(𝑡) ≤ 𝛼1 𝐸0(0)exp{−𝐶4 𝑡} for all 𝑡 ≥ 0 and as 𝑡 → +∞.
V. Numerical Results
Now, we try to deal with numerical simulation results for the special system under some assumptions
ofExample3.3Inthenumericalresultssection,weconsidertwoparts,thatis,simulationofsolution’s
7. Daewook Kim“International Journal of Innovation Engineering and Science Research”
Volume 2 Issue 1 January 2018 36|P a g e
shapes controlled system or not in time with respect to energy decay of solutions on the free boundary.
5.1 Solution’s Shapes in time
When it comes to the numerical results of solutions, our purpose is showing solution for
3-dimension(𝑖. 𝑒. u(x, t), x, t) in the system. We consider that boundaries exp 1 𝑢 𝑥 (1, t) = −𝑢(1, 𝑡) +
s(t) at 𝑥 = 1 in the system as we know. The system of special case makes with special boundary
feedback control −𝑢𝑡 (1, 𝑡) − sin𝑡.Solution’s shapesinfull-time and 𝑡 = 1 including boundaries are
given in Figures 1
Figure 1: Solution’sshapes on the whole time with spatial parts by boundary feedback control
5.2 Simulation of the main system with boundary controlled or not
In this section, we try to compare main system with boundary feedback control and main
system with boundary feedback control. The aim of this section is showing the system with controlled
free boundary rather than without control has more stabilized vibration at the boundary. The system
with boundary feedback control (See Figure 1) has stable solution and relating energy unlike the
system without boundary control (See Figure 2).
8. Daewook Kim“International Journal of Innovation Engineering and Science Research”
Volume 2 Issue 1 January 2018 37|P a g e
Figure 2: Onesidedspringboundarysolution’sshapesonthemainsystemwithoutboundary
feedback control
Figure 3: Onesidedspringboundarysolution’sshapesonthemainsystemwith boundary feedback
control
In Section 5, for the numerical results, we used the standard finite difference method(FDM) and
MATLAB.
9. Daewook Kim“International Journal of Innovation Engineering and Science Research”
Volume 2 Issue 1 January 2018 38|P a g e
VI. Conclusions
We dealt with analytical results and their numerical simulations. We established the global existence
and uniqueness of weak solutions to this problem in time, and give an example and simulation to
illustrate our results. Finally, we try to get the asymptotic behavior of energy and its simulation results.
Actually, we get the result that the system with controlled free boundary rather than without control has
more stabilized vibration at the boundary. These results are very useful, indeed, our results are able to
apply industrial parts such as a typical model widely used to represent threads, wires, magnetic tapes,
belts, band saws, and so on.
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