Openpyxl is a Python module to deal with Excel files without involving MS Excel application software. It is used extensively in different operations from data copying to data mining and data analysis by computer operators to data analysts and data scientists. openpyxl is the most used module in python to handle excel files. If you have to read data from excel, or you want to write data or draw some charts, accessing sheets, renaming sheets, adding or deleting sheets, formatting and styling in sheets or any other task, openpyxl will do the job for you.
Multiple inheritance allows a subclass to inherit from multiple parent classes, combining their functionality. While simple in concept, it can be tricky to implement clearly. The simplest form is a mixin, where a class is designed to be inherited from to share methods and attributes without becoming a unique entity itself. The example demonstrates a MailSender mixin class that a EmailableContact class inherits from along with a Contact class, allowing send_mail functionality to be reused across classes.
The document discusses various string manipulation techniques in Python such as getting the length of a string, traversing strings using loops, slicing strings, immutable nature of strings, using the 'in' operator to check for substrings, and comparing strings. Key string manipulation techniques covered include getting the length of a string using len(), extracting characters using indexes and slices, traversing strings with for and while loops, checking for substrings with the 'in' operator, and comparing strings.
The document discusses file handling in Python. It explains that a file is used to permanently store data in non-volatile memory. It describes opening, reading, writing, and closing files. It discusses opening files in different modes like read, write, append. It also explains attributes of file objects like name, closed, and mode. The document also covers reading and writing text and binary files, pickle module for serialization, and working with CSV files and the os.path module.
This document provides an overview of JavaScript arrays, including:
- Declaring and initializing different types of arrays such as associative arrays and indexed arrays
- Common array methods like push(), pop(), splice(), and slice()
- Array attributes including length, indexOf, and typeOf
- Techniques for adding, removing, and modifying array elements
The document discusses lists in Python, including how to create, access, modify, loop through, slice, sort, and perform other operations on list elements. Lists can contain elements of different data types, are indexed starting at 0, and support methods like append(), insert(), pop(), and more to manipulate the list. Examples are provided to demonstrate common list operations and functions.
The tutorial will introduce you to Python Packages. This Python basic tutorial will help you understand creating a Python package. You will understand the example of a Python Package. After that, you will understand different ways to access Python Packages. Further, the demonstration will educate you on how to create Python Package.
This slide is used to do an introduction for the matplotlib library and this will be a very basic introduction. As matplotlib is a very used and famous library for machine learning this will be very helpful to teach a student with no coding background and they can start the plotting of maps from the ending of the slide by there own.
The document discusses different types of linked lists including:
- Singly linked lists that can only be traversed in one direction.
- Doubly linked lists that allow traversal in both directions using forward and backward pointers.
- Circular linked lists where the last node points back to the first node allowing continuous traversal.
- Header linked lists that include a header node at the beginning for simplified insertion and deletion. Header lists can be grounded where the last node contains a null pointer or circular where the last node points to the header.
- Two-way or doubly linked lists where each node contains a forward and backward pointer allowing bidirectional traversal through the list.
Multiple inheritance allows a subclass to inherit from multiple parent classes, combining their functionality. While simple in concept, it can be tricky to implement clearly. The simplest form is a mixin, where a class is designed to be inherited from to share methods and attributes without becoming a unique entity itself. The example demonstrates a MailSender mixin class that a EmailableContact class inherits from along with a Contact class, allowing send_mail functionality to be reused across classes.
The document discusses various string manipulation techniques in Python such as getting the length of a string, traversing strings using loops, slicing strings, immutable nature of strings, using the 'in' operator to check for substrings, and comparing strings. Key string manipulation techniques covered include getting the length of a string using len(), extracting characters using indexes and slices, traversing strings with for and while loops, checking for substrings with the 'in' operator, and comparing strings.
The document discusses file handling in Python. It explains that a file is used to permanently store data in non-volatile memory. It describes opening, reading, writing, and closing files. It discusses opening files in different modes like read, write, append. It also explains attributes of file objects like name, closed, and mode. The document also covers reading and writing text and binary files, pickle module for serialization, and working with CSV files and the os.path module.
This document provides an overview of JavaScript arrays, including:
- Declaring and initializing different types of arrays such as associative arrays and indexed arrays
- Common array methods like push(), pop(), splice(), and slice()
- Array attributes including length, indexOf, and typeOf
- Techniques for adding, removing, and modifying array elements
The document discusses lists in Python, including how to create, access, modify, loop through, slice, sort, and perform other operations on list elements. Lists can contain elements of different data types, are indexed starting at 0, and support methods like append(), insert(), pop(), and more to manipulate the list. Examples are provided to demonstrate common list operations and functions.
The tutorial will introduce you to Python Packages. This Python basic tutorial will help you understand creating a Python package. You will understand the example of a Python Package. After that, you will understand different ways to access Python Packages. Further, the demonstration will educate you on how to create Python Package.
This slide is used to do an introduction for the matplotlib library and this will be a very basic introduction. As matplotlib is a very used and famous library for machine learning this will be very helpful to teach a student with no coding background and they can start the plotting of maps from the ending of the slide by there own.
The document discusses different types of linked lists including:
- Singly linked lists that can only be traversed in one direction.
- Doubly linked lists that allow traversal in both directions using forward and backward pointers.
- Circular linked lists where the last node points back to the first node allowing continuous traversal.
- Header linked lists that include a header node at the beginning for simplified insertion and deletion. Header lists can be grounded where the last node contains a null pointer or circular where the last node points to the header.
- Two-way or doubly linked lists where each node contains a forward and backward pointer allowing bidirectional traversal through the list.
NumPy is a library for working with multidimensional arrays and matrices in Python. It allows mathematical and logical operations on arrays to be performed. This tutorial explains the basics of NumPy, including its architecture, data types, array attributes, array creation, indexing and slicing, broadcasting, and array manipulation functions. The audience is those looking to learn the basics of NumPy, which is useful for algorithm developers. A basic understanding of Python is recommended.
This document provides an overview of lists in Python. It defines lists as ordered and changeable collections that allow duplicate elements. It describes how to create, access, modify, loop through, add and remove elements from lists. Built-in list methods like append(), pop(), sort(), count() and their usage are explained. The document also shows examples of sorting lists, removing failed grades, shuffling words to create anagrams, and reading/writing lists from user input.
A list in Python is a mutable ordered sequence of elements of any data type. Lists can be created using square brackets [] and elements are accessed via indexes that start at 0. Some key characteristics of lists are:
- They can contain elements of different types
- Elements can be modified, added, or removed
- Common list methods include append(), insert(), remove(), pop(), and sort()
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming in Python. It discusses key concepts like classes, instances, inheritance, and modules. Classes group state and behavior together, and instances are created from classes. Methods defined inside a class have a self parameter. The __init__ method is called when an instance is created. Inheritance allows classes to extend existing classes. Modules package reusable code and data, and the import statement establishes dependencies between modules. The __name__ variable is used to determine if a file is being run directly or imported.
This presentation educates you about objectives of python with example syntax, OOP Terminology, Creating Classes, Creating Instance Objects, Accessing Attributes and Built-In Class Attributes.
This document discusses JavaScript prototypes and how they work. It explains that every function has a prototype property that is shared among objects created with that function. It also explains that every object has a hidden __proto__ property that links it to a prototype object. It provides examples of how prototype inheritance works for both classical and prototypal inheritance in JavaScript. Key points covered include how the new operator works, property lookup via the prototype chain, and the relationships between functions, prototypes, and objects in JavaScript.
String literals in python are surrounded by either single quotation marks, or double quotation marks. Strings can be output to screen using the print function. For example: print("hello"). Like many other popular programming languages, strings in Python are arrays of bytes representing unicode characters.
Python Twisted is an event-driven networking framework. It uses non-blocking functions and callbacks to handle events like data on sockets. Code execution is triggered from an event loop when events occur. This allows for highly scalable servers without threads. Twisted supports many protocols and includes features like deferreds for asynchronous programming and a plugin architecture. However, it is single-threaded and requires external tools to utilize multiple CPUs.
Java Multi Threading Concept
By N.V.Raja Sekhar Reddy
www.technolamp.co.in
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Like us @ https://www.facebook.com/Technolamp.co.in
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The document discusses Python data types. It describes the numeric data types integer, float, and complex which are used to represent numbers. Integer is a whole number without decimals, float has decimals, and complex numbers have real and imaginary parts. None is described as a null value. Strings are arrays of characters and can be indexed. Tuples and lists are ordered collections that can hold heterogeneous data types. Sets are unordered collections of unique items. Dictionaries are unordered collections of key-value pairs that allow accessing values via keys.
This Edureka Python Matplotlib tutorial (Python Tutorial Blog: https://goo.gl/wd28Zr) explains what is data visualization and how to perform data visualization using Matplotlib. It also explains how to modify your plot and how to plot various types of graphs. Below are the topics covered in this tutorial:
1. Why Data Visualization?
2. What Is Data Visualization?
3. Various Types Of Plots
4. What Is Matplotlib?
6. How To Use Matplotlib?
All data values in Python are encapsulated in relevant object classes. Everything in Python is an object and every object has an identity, a type, and a value. Like another object-oriented language such as Java or C++, there are several data types which are built into Python. Extension modules which are written in C, Java, or other languages can define additional types.
To determine a variable's type in Python you can use the type() function. The value of some objects can be changed. Objects whose value can be changed are called mutable and objects whose value is unchangeable (once they are created) are called immutable.
( Python Training: https://www.edureka.co/python )
This Edureka Python Numpy tutorial (Python Tutorial Blog: https://goo.gl/wd28Zr) explains what exactly is Numpy and how it is better than Lists. It also explains various Numpy operations with examples.
Check out our Python Training Playlist: https://goo.gl/Na1p9G
This tutorial helps you to learn the following topics:
1. What is Numpy?
2. Numpy v/s Lists
3. Numpy Operations
4. Numpy Special Functions
In this core java training session, you will learn OOP with Java Contd. Topics covered in this session are:
• Review of last class concepts
• Types of Inheritance and a look at Aggregation
• Polymorphism
• Method overloading
• Method overriding
For more information about this course visit on this link: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/software-development/learn-java-fundamentals-hands-on-training-on-core-java-concepts/
Virtual functions allow objects of derived classes to be referenced by pointers or references to the base class. This allows polymorphic behavior where calling code does not need to know the exact derived class, but the correct overridden function for that derived class will be called at runtime. Some key points:
- Virtual functions provide runtime polymorphism in C++. The correct function to call is determined by the actual object type, not the reference/pointer type.
- Pure virtual functions are declared in a base class but provide no definition - derived classes must override these to be instantiable.
- Constructors cannot be virtual but destructors can, and it is important to make base class destructors virtual to ensure proper cleanup
This document discusses Python variables and data types. It defines what a Python variable is and explains variable naming rules. The main Python data types are numbers, strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries, booleans, and sets. Numbers can be integer, float or complex values. Strings are sequences of characters. Lists are mutable sequences that can hold elements of different data types. Tuples are immutable sequences. Dictionaries contain key-value pairs with unique keys. Booleans represent True and False values. Sets are unordered collections of unique elements. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to declare variables and use each of the different data types in Python.
The document provides information about the Python programming language. It discusses that Python is an interpreted, interactive, and object-oriented language well-suited for beginners. It provides details on Python's history and development as well as an overview of its core features like a broad standard library, portability, extensibility, support for databases, and an interactive mode. The document also describes how to get Python, run Python code through an interactive interpreter or script, and use integrated development environments. It covers basic programming concepts in Python like arithmetic, decision making with if/else statements, loops, lists, and functions.
This document discusses the structure of a C++ program. It begins by defining software and the different types. It then discusses key concepts in C++ like classes, objects, functions, and headers. It provides examples of a class declaration with private and public sections, member functions, and a main function. It also discusses practical training resources available for learning C++ including e-learning websites, e-assignments, e-content, and mobile apps.
This document discusses Java I/O and serialization. It explains that streams in Java represent an abstraction for input/output and are linked to physical devices. Byte and character streams are defined using input/output stream hierarchies. Object serialization involves writing Java objects to files by converting their state to a byte series. Classes like ObjectInputStream and ObjectOutputStream are used for reading and writing objects. The transient keyword indicates a variable should not be part of an object's persisted state during serialization.
JXL is the library of JExcel API, which is an open source Java API that performs the task to dynamically read, write, and modify Excel spreadsheets.
We can use its powerful features to build an automated testing framework using Selenium Web Drivers. The JXL works as a data provider where multiple sets of data is required as input. Moreover, users can read and write information using external excel files. The JXL also helps create custom reports where users have all authority to design reports as per their need.
Listen to this webinar to explore JXL with examples.
NumPy is a library for working with multidimensional arrays and matrices in Python. It allows mathematical and logical operations on arrays to be performed. This tutorial explains the basics of NumPy, including its architecture, data types, array attributes, array creation, indexing and slicing, broadcasting, and array manipulation functions. The audience is those looking to learn the basics of NumPy, which is useful for algorithm developers. A basic understanding of Python is recommended.
This document provides an overview of lists in Python. It defines lists as ordered and changeable collections that allow duplicate elements. It describes how to create, access, modify, loop through, add and remove elements from lists. Built-in list methods like append(), pop(), sort(), count() and their usage are explained. The document also shows examples of sorting lists, removing failed grades, shuffling words to create anagrams, and reading/writing lists from user input.
A list in Python is a mutable ordered sequence of elements of any data type. Lists can be created using square brackets [] and elements are accessed via indexes that start at 0. Some key characteristics of lists are:
- They can contain elements of different types
- Elements can be modified, added, or removed
- Common list methods include append(), insert(), remove(), pop(), and sort()
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming in Python. It discusses key concepts like classes, instances, inheritance, and modules. Classes group state and behavior together, and instances are created from classes. Methods defined inside a class have a self parameter. The __init__ method is called when an instance is created. Inheritance allows classes to extend existing classes. Modules package reusable code and data, and the import statement establishes dependencies between modules. The __name__ variable is used to determine if a file is being run directly or imported.
This presentation educates you about objectives of python with example syntax, OOP Terminology, Creating Classes, Creating Instance Objects, Accessing Attributes and Built-In Class Attributes.
This document discusses JavaScript prototypes and how they work. It explains that every function has a prototype property that is shared among objects created with that function. It also explains that every object has a hidden __proto__ property that links it to a prototype object. It provides examples of how prototype inheritance works for both classical and prototypal inheritance in JavaScript. Key points covered include how the new operator works, property lookup via the prototype chain, and the relationships between functions, prototypes, and objects in JavaScript.
String literals in python are surrounded by either single quotation marks, or double quotation marks. Strings can be output to screen using the print function. For example: print("hello"). Like many other popular programming languages, strings in Python are arrays of bytes representing unicode characters.
Python Twisted is an event-driven networking framework. It uses non-blocking functions and callbacks to handle events like data on sockets. Code execution is triggered from an event loop when events occur. This allows for highly scalable servers without threads. Twisted supports many protocols and includes features like deferreds for asynchronous programming and a plugin architecture. However, it is single-threaded and requires external tools to utilize multiple CPUs.
Java Multi Threading Concept
By N.V.Raja Sekhar Reddy
www.technolamp.co.in
Want more...
Like us @ https://www.facebook.com/Technolamp.co.in
subscribe videos @ http://www.youtube.com/user/nvrajasekhar
The document discusses Python data types. It describes the numeric data types integer, float, and complex which are used to represent numbers. Integer is a whole number without decimals, float has decimals, and complex numbers have real and imaginary parts. None is described as a null value. Strings are arrays of characters and can be indexed. Tuples and lists are ordered collections that can hold heterogeneous data types. Sets are unordered collections of unique items. Dictionaries are unordered collections of key-value pairs that allow accessing values via keys.
This Edureka Python Matplotlib tutorial (Python Tutorial Blog: https://goo.gl/wd28Zr) explains what is data visualization and how to perform data visualization using Matplotlib. It also explains how to modify your plot and how to plot various types of graphs. Below are the topics covered in this tutorial:
1. Why Data Visualization?
2. What Is Data Visualization?
3. Various Types Of Plots
4. What Is Matplotlib?
6. How To Use Matplotlib?
All data values in Python are encapsulated in relevant object classes. Everything in Python is an object and every object has an identity, a type, and a value. Like another object-oriented language such as Java or C++, there are several data types which are built into Python. Extension modules which are written in C, Java, or other languages can define additional types.
To determine a variable's type in Python you can use the type() function. The value of some objects can be changed. Objects whose value can be changed are called mutable and objects whose value is unchangeable (once they are created) are called immutable.
( Python Training: https://www.edureka.co/python )
This Edureka Python Numpy tutorial (Python Tutorial Blog: https://goo.gl/wd28Zr) explains what exactly is Numpy and how it is better than Lists. It also explains various Numpy operations with examples.
Check out our Python Training Playlist: https://goo.gl/Na1p9G
This tutorial helps you to learn the following topics:
1. What is Numpy?
2. Numpy v/s Lists
3. Numpy Operations
4. Numpy Special Functions
In this core java training session, you will learn OOP with Java Contd. Topics covered in this session are:
• Review of last class concepts
• Types of Inheritance and a look at Aggregation
• Polymorphism
• Method overloading
• Method overriding
For more information about this course visit on this link: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/software-development/learn-java-fundamentals-hands-on-training-on-core-java-concepts/
Virtual functions allow objects of derived classes to be referenced by pointers or references to the base class. This allows polymorphic behavior where calling code does not need to know the exact derived class, but the correct overridden function for that derived class will be called at runtime. Some key points:
- Virtual functions provide runtime polymorphism in C++. The correct function to call is determined by the actual object type, not the reference/pointer type.
- Pure virtual functions are declared in a base class but provide no definition - derived classes must override these to be instantiable.
- Constructors cannot be virtual but destructors can, and it is important to make base class destructors virtual to ensure proper cleanup
This document discusses Python variables and data types. It defines what a Python variable is and explains variable naming rules. The main Python data types are numbers, strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries, booleans, and sets. Numbers can be integer, float or complex values. Strings are sequences of characters. Lists are mutable sequences that can hold elements of different data types. Tuples are immutable sequences. Dictionaries contain key-value pairs with unique keys. Booleans represent True and False values. Sets are unordered collections of unique elements. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to declare variables and use each of the different data types in Python.
The document provides information about the Python programming language. It discusses that Python is an interpreted, interactive, and object-oriented language well-suited for beginners. It provides details on Python's history and development as well as an overview of its core features like a broad standard library, portability, extensibility, support for databases, and an interactive mode. The document also describes how to get Python, run Python code through an interactive interpreter or script, and use integrated development environments. It covers basic programming concepts in Python like arithmetic, decision making with if/else statements, loops, lists, and functions.
This document discusses the structure of a C++ program. It begins by defining software and the different types. It then discusses key concepts in C++ like classes, objects, functions, and headers. It provides examples of a class declaration with private and public sections, member functions, and a main function. It also discusses practical training resources available for learning C++ including e-learning websites, e-assignments, e-content, and mobile apps.
This document discusses Java I/O and serialization. It explains that streams in Java represent an abstraction for input/output and are linked to physical devices. Byte and character streams are defined using input/output stream hierarchies. Object serialization involves writing Java objects to files by converting their state to a byte series. Classes like ObjectInputStream and ObjectOutputStream are used for reading and writing objects. The transient keyword indicates a variable should not be part of an object's persisted state during serialization.
JXL is the library of JExcel API, which is an open source Java API that performs the task to dynamically read, write, and modify Excel spreadsheets.
We can use its powerful features to build an automated testing framework using Selenium Web Drivers. The JXL works as a data provider where multiple sets of data is required as input. Moreover, users can read and write information using external excel files. The JXL also helps create custom reports where users have all authority to design reports as per their need.
Listen to this webinar to explore JXL with examples.
A macro is a set of commands that can be played back at will to perform a given task. These tasks can be something simple such as inserting your name and address into a word processor to something more complex such as launching a program, copying data from it, activating another program, pasting the data into it and repeating this several times. Tasks performed by macros are typically repetitive in nature allowing significant savings in time by executing the macro instead of manually repeating the commands.
The document discusses various Python libraries that can be used to create, read, and modify Excel spreadsheets programmatically. It describes how to use the Openpyxl, Xlwt, and XlsxWriter libraries to perform tasks like writing data to cells, inserting images, and formatting text. Code examples are provided to demonstrate creating a workbook, adding values and dates, applying styles, and saving the output Excel file.
Import and Export Excel Data using openxlsx in R StudioRupak Roy
This document discusses using the openxlsx package in R to import and export Excel files without relying on Java. It covers functions for loading and reading Excel files, adding and writing data to worksheets, and saving workbooks. Functions covered include loadWorkbook(), readWorkbook(), addWorksheet(), writeData(), and saveWorkbook(). The document provides code examples for using each function to load, manipulate, and save Excel data in R.
This document provides an overview of stacks and queues as data structures. It discusses stacks and their LIFO (last-in, first-out) nature, as well as queues and their FIFO (first-in, first-out) nature. It covers the basic operations of each like push, pop, peek for stacks and enqueue, dequeue for queues. It provides examples of how to implement stacks and queues in code as well as examples of their uses.
QTP Excel Scripting Examples;
'Objects in Excel Object Model
a) Excel Application - Excel Application Object
b Excel Workbook / File - Workbook Object
c) Excel Worksheet / sheet - Worksheet
Important Operations on Excel files for Test Automation Using QuickTest Professional (QTP)
a) Create Excel Files
b) Open Excel Files
c) Copy Excel Files
d) Delete Excel Files
e) Move Excel Files
f) Read Data
e) Read Data for Data driven Testing
f) Write Data
g) Write Test Result
h) Comparing data (One to one)
i) Comparing data (One to Many)
j) Comparing data (Many to one)
k) Comparing data (Many to Many Exact)
l) Comparing data (Many to Many Textual)
m) Searching for strings
I am Bianca H. I am a C++ Homework Expert at cpphomeworkhelp.com. I hold a Masters in Programming from, the University of Nottingham, UK. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 7 years. I solve homework related to C++. Visit cpphomeworkhelp.com or email info@cpphomeworkhelp.com. You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with C++ Homework.
This document provides instructions for exercises in an ECET 370 lab covering several topics:
1. Exercises 1-5 involve using or modifying binary search tree (BST) implementations to review BST concepts and properties.
2. Exercise 3 requires using a BST to implement a dictionary of Java keywords.
3. Exercise 4 involves writing a recursive algorithm to count nodes in a BST.
4. Exercise 5 requires writing an algorithm to find the maximum value in a BST.
The document discusses classes and objects in Python programming. It covers key concepts like defining classes, creating objects, assigning attributes to objects, passing objects as arguments and returning objects from functions. It provides examples to illustrate these concepts like defining a Point class to represent coordinate points, creating Rectangle class with a Point object as one of its attributes. The document also discusses concepts like aliasing of objects and how to create a copy of an object instead of alias.
Lab_3- Objective- Experiment with Lists- Stacks- and Queues- Simulate.docxrennaknapp
Lab_3: Objective: Experiment with Lists, Stacks, and Queues: Simulate an OS task manager
Assignment:
Using the startup code, implement the following:
1-Create List L1 of 10 elements (task IDs), e.g. L1 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10;
2-Insert a new list element in between (at every other element), such as: 1,100, 2,200, 3,300, 4,400, ... 10,1000;
Simulate a new CPU core assignment:
3-Create another List L2, and extract the newly inserted elements into this new list L2
i.e. L1 should go back to the original list: L1 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
L2 should be: 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000
Start executing:
4-Create a Queue Q1 by extracting L1, and inserting L2 elements: i.e. Q should start with: 1,2,3, ... 10, and (10, 20 ... 100) will be inserted
Q1=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000
Label tasks as finished with the possibility of revisiting a task, such as:
5-Create a Stack S1 which by deleting the elements of Q1 and inserting them in L1
6-Pop out all elements of the Stack, i.e. should end up with an empty stack
Extra credit: Simulate a re-executed task, i.e. Pop out a task out of the Stack and reinsert, this simulate a failed task.
7-Verify the functionality and capture the results in a report form.
List.h
main.cpp
#include "List.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template <typename Object>
class Stack
{
public:
bool isEmpty() const
{
return theList.empty();
}
const Object& top() const
{
return theList.front();
}
void push(const Object& x)
{
theList.push_front(x);
}
void pop(Object& x)
{
x = theList.front(); theList.pop_front();
}
private:
List<Object> theList;
};
template <typename Object>
class Queue
{
public:
bool isEmpty() const
{
return theList.empty();
}
const Object& getFront() const
{
return theList.front();
}
void enqueue(const Object& x)
{
theList.push_back(x);
}
void dequeue(Object& x)
{
x = theList.front(); theList.pop_front();
}
private:
List<Object> theList;
};
int main()
{
int i;
const int N = 10;
List<int> L1;
Stack<int> S1;
Queue<int> Q1;
List<int>::iterator node; //Variable to keep track of the position as we traverse
// List Section example:
//Q1: Create List L1 of 10 elements, e.g. L1 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10;
// create the list array as a starting point:
for (i = N; i > 0; --i)
{
L1.push_front(i);
}
// show L1 with an iterator
cout << "List L1 is:" << endl;
for (auto it = L1.begin(); it != L1.end(); ++it)
{
cout << *it << ' ';
}
// Stack Section example:
//
// Stack to be created per the above assignment requirment
cout << "\nStack S1 is:" << endl;;
for (i = N - 1; i >= 0; --i)
{
S1.push(i);
cout << S1.top() << " " << endl;
}
while (!S1.isEmpty())
{
cout << S1.top() << endl;
S1.pop(i);
}
// Queue section, to be created per the above assignment requirment
//
//
return 0;
}
please answer with C++ code thank you!
private: int theSize; Node *head.
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
General Instructions
Exercises 1, 2, 4, and 5 use the programs in DocSharinglabeled “User-defined classes."
Exercises 7 and 8 use the programs in DocSharinglabeled “Using interfaces."
This document provides instructions for using WinCOM (Component Object Model) to export data from an Arduino motor controller application to an Excel spreadsheet. It discusses:
1) Using WinCOM to export data from the application to cells in an Excel spreadsheet by creating an Excel object and filling cells.
2) Controlling a DC motor with an Arduino board and sending motor data back to be exported to an Excel file.
3) Configuring COM port settings to communicate between the Arduino and computer for sending and receiving data.
These questions will be a bit advanced level 2sadhana312471
These questions will be a bit advanced(Intermediate) in terms of Python interview.
This is the continuity of Nail the Python Interview Questions.
The fields that these questions will help you in are:
• Python Developer
• Data Analyst
• Research Analyst
• Data Scientist
Educational Objectives After successfully completing this assignmen.pdfrajeshjangid1865
Educational Objectives: After successfully completing this assignment, the student should be
able to accomplish the following:
Use a loop structure to read user input of unknown size through std::cin and store it in an array.
Use conditional branching to selectively perform computational tasks.
Declare (prototype) and define (implement) functions.
Declare and define functions with arguments of various types, including pointers, references,
const pointers, and const references.
Call functions, making appropriate use of the function arguments and their types.
Make decisions as to appropriate function call parameter type, from among: value, reference,
const reference, pointer, and const pointer.
Create, edit, build and run multi-file projects using the Linux/Emacs/Make environment
announced in the course organizer.
Operational Objectives: Create a project that computes the mean and median of a sequence of
integers received via standard input.
Deliverables: Files: stats.h, stats.cpp, main.cpp, makefile, log.txt. Note that these files constitute
a self-contained project.
Assessment Rubric: The following will be used as a guide when assessing the assignment:
Please self-evaluate your work as part of the development process.
Background
Given a finite collection of n numbers:
The mean is the sum of the numbers divided by n, and
The median is the middle value (in case n is odd) or the average of the two middle values (in
case n is even).
Note that to find the median of a collection of data, it is convenient to first sort the data, that is,
put the data in increasing (or non-decreasing) order. Then the median is just the middle datum in
the sorted sequence (or the average of the two middle data, if there are an even number).
One of the more intuitive sort algorithms is called Insertion Sort, which operates on an array
a[0..n-1] of elements. The idea is to \"insert\" the value of a[i] into the sub-array a[0..i-1] at the
largest possible index that results in the expanded sub-array a[0..i] sorted. We insert at the
highest possible index in order not to place the value ahead of any previously inserted elements
with the same value. The subarray a[0..i-1] is assumed to be sorted at the beginning of each
insertion step. The base case consists of a one-element array a[0..0], which is always sorted.
Here is a \"pseudocode\" description of the algorithm:
The inner loop copies all elements in a[0..i-1] up one index until the correct place for t is found.
Then put t in that place.
Procedural Requirements:
Begin a log file named log.txt. This should be an ascii text file in cop3330/proj1 with the
following header:
This file should document all work done by date and time, including all testing and test results.
Create and work within a separate subdirectory cop3330/proj1. Review the COP 3330 rules
found in Introduction/Work Rules.
Copy all of the files from LIB/proj1. These should include:
In addition you should have the script submit.sh in either your .bin or your.
The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in Python including classes, objects, methods, and class definitions. Some key points:
- Python supports object-oriented programming with classes that define new data types and objects that are instances of those classes.
- A class defines attributes and methods that are common to all objects of that class. Methods are functions defined inside classes that operate on object instances.
- Objects are instantiated from classes and can have instance-specific attribute values. Dot notation accesses attributes and methods of an object.
- Initialization methods like __init__() set up new object instances. Special methods starting with double underscores have predefined meanings.
- Methods allow passing the object instance as the first
The Ring programming language version 1.2 book - Part 5 of 84Mahmoud Samir Fayed
Ring 1.2 includes many new features and improvements, including:
1. New functions like PtrCmp() for comparing C pointers and RingVM_FunctionsList() to return a list of Ring functions.
2. Better existing functions like find() and type() updated to support C pointers.
3. An improved Ring Notepad that saves line numbers and prompts to save changes.
4. Enhancements to RingQt like disabling events and getting event information.
5. A new Objects library for RingQt applications to manage GUI objects and events.
6. An expanded RingLibCurl library for powerful LibCurl integration.
7. Support for calling methods from object attributes with
The document provides an introduction to VBA and Excel functions like VLookup.
It explains the syntax and parameters of VLookup and provides an example. Pivot tables and pivot charts are also introduced along with examples using sample sales data.
Finally, it discusses getting started with VBA including recording and editing macros, understanding the VBA editor window, and some fundamental concepts like variables, control statements, and functions.
CSC240: Programming Assignment #9: Stacks & Queues Assigned: Week 12 Due: Week 13
Points: 50 In this program, you will utilize objects of your class used in previous programs, and
create a program to store 10 objects each into a Stack and into a Queue. You can load the 10
data objects through any combination of user input, hard code the data records/initialization, or
read from a file. The preferred method is by reading from a file since it doesnt require any data
entry or data in code. Coding Requirements: 1. Create your application class, and your container
classes which will encapsulate the both a StackOfObjects and an QueueOfObjects. 2. Read the
file (or create data objects using another method) into a 10-element array of objects, which you
can encapsulate into a separate class. 3. Load the same data set into both the stack and the
queue from the array of objects. 4. In main(), create and invoke a short menu with items to perform
data entry/read from file, and to enable the user to test both the stack and queue functionality by
printing a report of the data. Since a stack is LIFO (Last In First Out) and a queue is FIFO (First In
First Out), the stack data should print in reverse order to which it was inserted, and the queue data
should print in the order to which it was inserted. Menu Items 1. List Original Data (in Array of
Objects) 2. Report of Stack of Data 3. Report of Queue of Data 4. End Program Output
Requirements: (Exercise all methods, including constructors to show their results/output) In your
main() method, exercise all menu items using the methods invoked by each menu item, running all
menu items, showing the initial list, then displaying it by popping objects off of the top of stack, or
de- queueing objects out of the queue. The report of the objects in your array will be columnar,
showing each of the values, formatting the columns and adding headers and footers as needed.
Assigned: Week 12 Due: Week 13 Points: 50 In this program, you will utilize objects of your class
used in previous programs, and create a program to store 10 objects each into a Stack and into a
Queue. You can load the 10 data objects through any combination of user input, hard code the
data records/initialization, or read from a file. The preferred method is by reading from a file since
it doesn't require any data entry or data in code. Coding Requirements: 1. Create your application
class, and your "container" classes which will encapsulate the both a StackOfObjects and an
QueueOfObjects. 2. Read the file (or create data objects using another method) into a 10-element
array of objects, which you can encapsulate into a separate class. 3. Load the same data set into
both the stack and the queue from the array of objects. 4. In main(), create and invoke a short
menu with items to perform data entry/read from file, and to enable the user to test both the stack
and queue functionality by printing a report of the data. Since a stack is LIFO (Last In First Out).
The document summarizes a presentation on the Python programming language. It includes sections on introducing Python, operators and data types, conditions and loops, functions and exception handling, classes and inheritance, Python libraries, a sample library management project in Python, and queries. The presentation covers key Python concepts like data types, operators, conditional statements, loops, functions, object-oriented programming concepts like classes and inheritance, and popular Python libraries like NumPy and Pandas. It also includes code for a library management project built in Python.
After the completion of this workshop, you will be able to:
1. Create and working with Arrays of numbers
2. Create simple plots
3. Plot the given function
4. Do Symbolic Computation
5. Understand SIMULINK
This Python code controls a servo motor connected to a Raspberry Pi by pulsing its control pin at 50Hz. It imports GPIO and time libraries, sets the pin mode and defines the servo pin as PWM output. It then sweeps the servo from 0 to 180 degrees in 10 steps over 10 seconds, pauses, returns to 90 degrees, pauses again and returns to 0 degrees before stopping PWM and cleaning up GPIO.
This Python code uses a Raspberry Pi to create a simple push button circuit. When the button is pressed, it triggers GPIO pin 23 which then illuminates an LED connected to GPIO pin 24. The code prints "Button Pressed..." each time the button is pressed and held for 0.2 seconds before turning the LED off again. It sets the button as an input, configures pull-up resistors, and runs in a continuous loop to detect button presses and control the LED output accordingly.
This Python code controls a buzzer connected to a Raspberry Pi by turning the buzzer on and off using GPIO pin 23. It imports the RPi and time libraries, sets the GPIO mode and pin 23 as an output, then enters a forever loop that sets the pin high to turn the buzzer on for 0.5 seconds, prints "Beep", sets the pin low to turn the buzzer off for 0.5 seconds, and prints "No Beep", repeating continuously.
At the end of the topic you should be able to:
1. Interface a sensor/s, device/s with Arduino for data acquisition and display the data.
2. Interface Actuators with Arduino to Control motion to build an application.
3. Build a mechatronic system using Arduino, sensors, actuators and modules.
At the end of the topic you should be able to:
1. Explain the importance of platform based development
2. Use looping, delay and conditioning concepts in developing a program on Arduino environment.
The document discusses various OpenCV functions for reading, displaying and manipulating images and video from cameras. It covers loading grayscale and color images, displaying images, drawing lines and arrows on images, setting camera resolution, adding text to video frames, and mouse click events to retrieve pixel colors.
NumPy is a python library used for working with arrays.
It also has functions for working in domain of linear algebra, fourier transform, and matrices.
NumPy was created in 2005 by Travis Oliphant. It is an open source project and you can use it freely.
NumPy stands for Numerical Python.
This 12-page HTML tutorial document provides instructions for basic HTML formatting elements including headings, bold and italic text, centered text, strikethrough text, blockquotes, numbering, links, paragraphs, and contact information. The tutorial is prepared by Amarjeetsingh Thakur and explains that most websites use HTML to structure and present content.
OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision Library) is a library of programming functions mainly aimed at real-time computer vision. Originally developed by Intel, it was later supported by Willow Garage then Itseez (which was later acquired by Intel). The library is cross-platform and free for use under the open-source BSD license.
1. Open-source IoT Platform
2. Adafruit IO is a platform designed to display, respond, and interact with our project's data.
3. Our data kept private (data feeds are private by default) and secure.
Python is a high-level, object-oriented, interpreted programming language, which has garnered worldwide attention. Stack Overflow found out that 38.8% of its users mainly use Python for their projects. According to the website’s survey, Python’s popularity surpassed that of C# in 2018 – just like it surpassed PHP in 2017. On the GitHub platform, Python surpassed Java as the second-most used programming language, with 40% more pull requests opened in 2017 than in 2016. This makes Python certification one of the most sought-after programming certifications.
This document provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT as connecting physical devices to the internet and each other. The document outlines the history and evolution of IoT from RFID tags to current connectivity of devices. It describes common IoT applications, communication protocols like Bluetooth and WiFi, and challenges around data standards. Finally, it discusses the logical design of IoT systems including functional blocks, communication models, and application programming interfaces.
1. Explaining the importance of platform based development
2. Understanding The importance of NodeMCU and demonstrate its interfacing with various devices and sensors.
Introduction to Things board (An Open Source IoT Cloud Platform)Amarjeetsingh Thakur
1. Explaining the importance of platform based development
2. Understanding the importance of Node MCU and demonstrate its interfacing with various devices and sensors.
3. Demonstration of Things board IoT platform
MQTT stands for MQ Telemetry Transport.
1. Publish/subscribe.
2. Constrained devices and low-bandwidth, high-latency or unreliable networks.
3. Minimise network bandwidth and device resource requirements whilst also attempting to ensure reliability and some degree of assurance of delivery.
4. Ideal for M2M and IoT
1. Interface a sensor/s, device/s with Arduino for data acquisition and display the data.
2. Interface Actuators with Arduino to Control motion to build an application.
3. Build a mechatronic system using Arduino, sensors, actuators and modules.
The document discusses a workshop on image processing using MATLAB. It provides an overview of MATLAB and its image processing toolbox. It describes how to read, display, and convert between different image formats in MATLAB. It also demonstrates various image processing operations like arithmetic operations, conversion between color and grayscale, image rotation, blurring and deblurring, and filling regions of interest. The document aims to introduce the basics of image processing using MATLAB.
Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. It has a microcontroller and can sense and control the physical world. The Arduino IDE is used to write programs for the Arduino board in C/C++. Programs have a setup() and loop() function. Setup() runs once at startup and loop() runs continuously. Example programs were shown to blink an LED on pin 12 every 2 seconds and print the LED state to the serial monitor. Further programs demonstrated using for loops to blink an LED 10 times per loop iteration and print the loop count.
Arduino is an open- source computer hardware and software company, project and user community that designs and manufactures microcontroller-based kits for building systems consisting of digital devices, interactive objects that can sense and control in the physical world.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
Python openpyxl
1. 1 “Programming in Python With Openpyxl”
"PYTHON PROGRAMMING
With OPENPYXL "
Prepared by:
AMARjeetsingh thakur
2. 2 “Programming in Python With Openpyxl”
1. INTRODUCTION
Openpyxl is a Python module to deal with Excel files without involving MS Excel
application software. It is used extensively in different operations from data copying to data
mining and data analysis by computer operators to data analysts and data scientists. openpyxl
is the most used module in python to handle excel files. If you have to read data from excel,
or you want to write data or draw some charts, accessing sheets, renaming sheets, adding or
deleting sheets, formatting and styling in sheets or any other task, openpyxl will do the job
for you.
If you want to Read, Write and Manipulate(Copy, cut, paste, delete or search for an item etc)
Excel files in Python with simple and practical examples we will suggest you to see this
simple and to the point Python Excel Openpyxl Course with examples about how to deal with
MS Excel files in Python. This course teaches efficiently how to manipulate excel files and
automate tasks.
Everything you do in Microsoft Excel, can be automated with Python. So why not use the
power of Python and make your life easy. You can make intelligent and thinking Excel
sheets, bringing the power of logic and thinking of Python to Excel which is usually static,
hence bringing flexibility in Excel and a number of opportunities.
Basics for Python excel openpyxl work:
An Excel file is usually called as Spreadsheet, however in openpyxl we call it
Workbook.
A single Workbook is usually saved in a file with extension .xlsx
A Workbook may have as less as one sheet and as many as dozens of worksheets.
Active sheet is the worksheet user is viewing or viewed before closing the file.
Each sheet consists of vertical columns, known as Column starting from A.
Each sheet consists of rows, called as Row. Numbering starts from 1.
Row and column meet at a box called Cell. Each cell has specific address in reference
to Row and Column. The cell may contain number, formula or text.
The grid of cells make the work area or worksheet in excel.
3. 3 “Programming in Python With Openpyxl”
2. Python | Reading an excel file using openpyxl module
Openpyxl is a Python library for reading and writing Excel (with extension
xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm) files. The openpyxl module allows Python program to read and
modify Excel files.
For example, user might have to go through thousands of rows and pick out few
handful information to make small changes based on some criteria. Using Openpyxl
module, these tasks can be done very efficiently and easily.
Use this command to install openpyxl module : pip install openpyxl
Code #1 : Program to print the particular cell value
# Python program to read an excel file
# import openpyxl module
import openpyxl
# Give the location of the file
path = "C:UsersAdminDesktopdemo.xlsx"
# To open the workbook
# workbook object is created
wb_obj = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# Get workbook active sheet object
# from the active attribute
sheet_obj = wb_obj.active
# Cell objects also have row, column,
# and coordinate attributes that provide
# location information for the cell.
# Note: The first row or
# column integer is 1, not 0.
# Cell object is created by using
# sheet object's cell() method.
cell_obj = sheet_obj.cell(row = 1, column = 1)
# Print value of cell object
# using the value attribute
print(cell_obj.value)
Output :
STUDENT 'S NAME
Code #2 : Determine total number of rows
# import openpyxl module
import openpyxl
4. 4 “Programming in Python With Openpyxl”
# Give the location of the file
path = "C:UsersAdminDesktopdemo.xlsx"
# to open the workbook
# workbook object is created
wb_obj = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
sheet_obj = wb_obj.active
# print the total number of rows
print(sheet_obj.max_row)
Output :
6
Code #3 : Determine total number of columns
# importing openpyxl module
import openpyxl
# Give the location of the file
path = "C:UsersAdminDesktopdemo.xlsx"
# workbook object is created
wb_obj = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
sheet_obj = wb_obj.active
# print total number of column
print(sheet_obj.max_column)
Output :
4
Code #4 : Print all columns name
# importing openpyxl module
import openpyxl
# Give the location of the file
path = "C:UsersAdminDesktopdemo.xlsx"
# workbook object is created
wb_obj = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
sheet_obj = wb_obj.active
max_col = sheet_obj.max_column
# Loop will print all columns name
for i in range(1, max_col + 1):
cell_obj = sheet_obj.cell(row = 1, column = i)
print(cell_obj.value)
5. 5 “Programming in Python With Openpyxl”
Output :
STUDENT 'S NAME
COURSE
BRANCH
SEMESTER
Code #5 : Print first column value
# importing openpyxl module
import openpyxl
# Give the location of the file
path = "C:UsersAdminDesktopdemo.xlsx"
# workbook object is created
wb_obj = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
sheet_obj = wb_obj.active
m_row = sheet_obj.max_row
# Loop will print all values
# of first column
for i in range(1, m_row + 1):
cell_obj = sheet_obj.cell(row = i, column = 1)
print(cell_obj.value)
Output :
STUDENT 'S NAME
ANKIT RAI
RAHUL RAI
PRIYA RAI
AISHWARYA
HARSHITA JAISWAL
Code #6 : Print a particular row value
# importing openpyxl module
import openpyxl
# Give the location of the file
path = "C:UsersAdminDesktopdemo.xlsx"
# workbook object is created
wb_obj = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
6. 6 “Programming in Python With Openpyxl”
sheet_obj = wb_obj.active
max_col = sheet_obj.max_column
# Will print a particular row value
for i in range(1, max_col + 1):
cell_obj = sheet_obj.cell(row = 2, column = i)
print(cell_obj.value, end = " ")
Output :
ANKIT RAI B.TECH CSE 4
7. 7 “Programming in Python With Openpyxl”
3. Python | Writing to an excel file using openpyxl module
Code #1 : Program to print an active sheet title name
# import openpyxl module
import openpyxl
# Call a Workbook() function of openpyxl
# to create a new blank Workbook object
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
# Get workbook active sheet
# from the active attribute.
sheet = wb.active
# Once have the Worksheet object,
# one can get its name from the
# title attribute.
sheet_title = sheet.title
print("active sheet title: " + sheet_title)
Output :
active sheet title: Sheet
Code #2 : Program to change the Title name
# import openpyxl module
import openpyxl
# Call a Workbook() function of openpyxl
# to create a new blank Workbook object
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
# Get workbook active sheet
# from the active attribute
sheet = wb.active
# One can change the name of the title
sheet.title = "sheet1"
print("sheet name is renamed as: " + sheet.title)
Output :
sheet name is renamed as: sheet1
8. 8 “Programming in Python With Openpyxl”
Code #3 : Program to write to an Excel sheet
# import openpyxl module
import openpyxl
# Call a Workbook() function of openpyxl
# to create a new blank Workbook object
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
# Get workbook active sheet
# from the active attribute
sheet = wb.active
# Cell objects also have row, column
# and coordinate attributes that provide
# location information for the cell.
# Note: The first row or column integer
# is 1, not 0. Cell object is created by
# using sheet object's cell() method.
c1 = sheet.cell(row = 1, column = 1)
# writing values to cells
c1.value = "ANKIT"
c2 = sheet.cell(row= 1 , column = 2)
c2.value = "RAI"
# Once have a Worksheet object, one can
# access a cell object by its name also.
# A2 means column = 1 & row = 2.
c3 = sheet['A2']
c3.value = "RAHUL"
# B2 means column = 2 & row = 2.
c4 = sheet['B2']
c4.value = "RAI"
# Anytime you modify the Workbook object
# or its sheets and cells, the spreadsheet
# file will not be saved until you call
# the save() workbook method.
wb.save("C:UsersuserDesktopdemo.xlsx")
Output :
9. 9 “Programming in Python With Openpyxl”
Code #4 :Program to add Sheets in the Workbook
# import openpyxl module
import openpyxl
# Call a Workbook() function of openpyxl
# to create a new blank Workbook object
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
sheet = wb.active
# Sheets can be added to workbook with the
# workbook object's create_sheet() method.
wb.create_sheet(index = 1 , title = "demo sheet2")
wb.save("C:UsersuserDesktopdemo.xlsx")
Output :
10. 10 “Programming in Python With Openpyxl”
4. Python | Adjusting rows and columns of an excel file
using openpyxl module
Worksheet objects have row_dimensions and column_dimensions attributes that control row
heights and column widths. A sheet’s row_dimensions and column_dimensions are
dictionary-like values; row_dimensions contains RowDimension objects and
column_dimensions contains ColumnDimension objects. In row_dimensions, one can access
one of the objects using the number of the row (in this case, 1 or 2). In column_dimensions,
one can access one of the objects using the letter of the column (in this case, A or B).
Code #1 : Program to set the dimensions of the cells.
# import openpyxl module
import openpyxl
# Call a Workbook() function of openpyxl
# to create a new blank Workbook object
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
# Get workbook active sheet
# from the active attribute.
sheet = wb.active
# writing to the specified cell
sheet.cell(row = 1, column = 1).value = ' hello '
sheet.cell(row = 2, column = 2).value = ' everyone '
# set the height of the row
sheet.row_dimensions[1].height = 70
# set the width of the column
sheet.column_dimensions['B'].width = 20
# save the file
wb.save('dimension.xlsx')
Output:
Merging the cells:
11. 11 “Programming in Python With Openpyxl”
A rectangular area of cells can be merged into a single cell with the merge_cells() sheet
method. The argument to merge_cells() is a single string of the top-left and bottom-right cells
of the rectangular area to be merged.
Code #2 : Program to merge the cells.
import openpyxl
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
sheet = wb.active
# merge cell from A2 to D4 i.e.
# A2, B2, C2, D2, A3, B3, C3, D3, A4, B4, C4 and D4 .
# A2:D4' merges 12 cells into a single cell.
sheet.merge_cells('A2:D4')
sheet.cell(row = 2, column = 1).value = 'Twelve cells join together.'
# merge cell C6 and D6
sheet.merge_cells('C6:D6')
sheet.cell(row = 6, column = 6).value = 'Two merge cells.'
wb.save('merge.xlsx')
Output:
Unmerging the cells:
To unmerge cells, call the unmerge_cells() sheet method.
Code #3 : Program to unmerge the cells.
import openpyxl
wb = openpyxl.load_workbook('merge.xlsx')
sheet = wb.active
# unmerge the cells
sheet.unmerge_cells('A2:D4')
sheet.unmerge_cells('C6:D6')
wb.save('merge.xlsx')
12. 12 “Programming in Python With Openpyxl”
Output:
Setting the font styles of the cells: To customize font styles in cells, important, import the
Font() function from the openpyxl.styles module.
Code #4 : Program to set the font of the text.
import openpyxl
# import Font function from openpyxl
from openpyxl.styles import Font
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
sheet = wb.active
sheet.cell(row = 1, column = 1).value = "Ankit Rai"
# set the size of the cell to 24
sheet.cell(row = 1, column = 1).font = Font(size = 24 )
sheet.cell(row = 2, column = 2).value = "Ankit Rai"
# set the font style to italic
sheet.cell(row = 2, column = 2).font = Font(size = 24, italic = True)
sheet.cell(row = 3, column = 3).value = "Ankit Rai"
# set the font style to bold
sheet.cell(row = 3, column = 3).font = Font(size = 24, bold = True)
sheet.cell(row = 4, column = 4).value = "Ankit Rai"
# set the font name to 'Times New Roman'
sheet.cell(row = 4, column = 4).font = Font(size = 24, name = 'Times New
Roman')
14. 14 “Programming in Python With Openpyxl”
5. Python | How to copy data from one excel sheet to
another
In this section, we will learn how to copy data from one excel sheet to destination excel
workbook using openpyxl module in Python.
For working with excel files, we require openpyxl, which is a Python library that is used for
reading, writing and modifying excel (with extension xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm) files. For copying
one excel file to another, we first open both the source and destination excel files. Then we
calculate the total number of rows and columns in the source excel file and read a single cell
value and store it in a variable and then write that value to the destination excel file at a cell
position similar to that of the cell in source file. The destination file is saved.
Procedure –
1) Import openpyxl library as xl.
2) Open the source excel file using the path in which it is located.
Note: The path should be a string and have double backslashes () instead of single backslash
(). Eg: Path should be C:UsersDesktopsource.xlsx Instead
of C:UsersAdminDesktopsource.xlsx
3) Open the required worksheet to copy using the index of it. The index of worksheet ‘n’ is
‘n-1’. For example, the index of worksheet 1 is 0.
4) Open the destination excel file and the active worksheet in it.
5) Calculate the total number of rows and columns in source excel file.
6) Use two for loops (one for iterating through rows and another for iterating through
columns of the excel file) to read the cell value in source file to a variable and then write it to
a cell in destination file from that variable.
7) Save the destination file.
Code #1 : Program to copy data from one excel sheet to another
# importing openpyxl module
import openpyxl as xl;
# opening the source excel file
filename ="C:UsersAdminDesktoptrading.xlsx"
wb1 = xl.load_workbook(filename)
ws1 = wb1.worksheets[0]
# opening the destination excel file
filename1 ="C:UsersAdminDesktoptest.xlsx"
wb2 = xl.load_workbook(filename1)
ws2 = wb2.active
# calculate total number of rows and
# columns in source excel file
mr = ws1.max_row
mc = ws1.max_column
# copying the cell values from source
# excel file to destination excel file
15. 15 “Programming in Python With Openpyxl”
for i in range (1, mr + 1):
for j in range (1, mc + 1):
# reading cell value from source excel file
c = ws1.cell(row = i, column = j)
# writing the read value to destination excel file
ws2.cell(row = i, column = j).value = c.value
# saving the destination excel file
wb2.save(str(filename1))
Source File: