Pythium insidiosum is an aquatic oomycete that causes pythiosis, commonly known as swamp cancer, in humans, dogs, horses and other animals. It is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. Diagnosis can be difficult as clinical presentation is non-specific, and culture and histopathology have limitations. Serologic tests like agar gel immunodiffusion and western blot are more accurate for diagnosis. Available treatments like antifungals and surgery have shown limited success. Immunotherapy using purified P. insidiosum antigens administered subcutaneously has demonstrated success rates over 85% in horses and around 50% in dogs. Accurate diagnosis distinguishing between P. insidiosum and the
Bacteriophage introduction,Discovery of Phage,classification,Structure of Bacteriophage,Morphological Groups and Life Cycle of Bacteriophage and how it's attack on bacteria.
Filarial worms are thread-like nematodes of which there are at least 8 species for which humans, especially in tropical regions, are the definitive host
Microsporum a pathogenic fungi Which comes under dermatophytes and cause ringworm infection and fungal infection on skin.
All the Introduction, morphological characteristics, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis and treatment given here.
If you want better understanding go on to mine YouTube channel linked below:
https://youtu.be/2wbsB8jxv6o
There you can find other more interesting topics related to microbiology.
Bacteriophage introduction,Discovery of Phage,classification,Structure of Bacteriophage,Morphological Groups and Life Cycle of Bacteriophage and how it's attack on bacteria.
Filarial worms are thread-like nematodes of which there are at least 8 species for which humans, especially in tropical regions, are the definitive host
Microsporum a pathogenic fungi Which comes under dermatophytes and cause ringworm infection and fungal infection on skin.
All the Introduction, morphological characteristics, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis and treatment given here.
If you want better understanding go on to mine YouTube channel linked below:
https://youtu.be/2wbsB8jxv6o
There you can find other more interesting topics related to microbiology.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Disinfection of Mycotic Species Isolated from Cases of Bovine Mastitis Showin...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Disinfection of Mycotic Species Isolated from Cases of Bovine Mastitis Showing Antifungal Resistance by Elaine Meade in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Antibiotics for Tropical infections in ICUMohd Saif Khan
We often come across tropical infections admitted to ICU in about 20-30% cases coming with critical multi organ dysfunctions and features of sepsis. Detection is often clinical and based on temporal association with certain exposure to bite or seasons, or specific signs and some times non specific and in such situations leading to use of empirical antibiotic coverage for tropical fever, where also great variability exists even after confirmation of diagnosis. And lastly owing to inappropriate and overuse of antibiotics, we have observed growing concern of antibiotic resistance in tropical infections as well.
note about Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumia a devastating disease of goats in Africa and Somalia in particular.
waa qoraal kusaabsan xanuun kamid ah xanuunada ugu badan ee ku dhaca xoolaha soomalida magiciisuna waa Sambab, geesa jebiye iyo kuwo kale.
Slide fonts and animation may not be suitable for earlier versions of PPT. You may want to edit the fonts and their sizes. :) Thank you for viewing my presentation.
PPT themes, animation and fonts may have changed, you may want to edit some for your convenience. some of the animations may not work on earlier versions of PPT. Thank you for viewing my presentation, hope you pick up some useful information regarding Actinomycoses.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
2. Pythium insidiosumPythium insidiosum
Kingdom StramenipilaKingdom Stramenipila
Oomycete “aquatic fungus”Oomycete “aquatic fungus”
Hyphal elements similar to FungiHyphal elements similar to Fungi
Primarily an infectious agent of plantsPrimarily an infectious agent of plants
PythiosisPythiosis
PhycomycosisPhycomycosis
Florida Horse LeechesFlorida Horse Leeches
Swamp CancerSwamp Cancer
3. Species Infected bySpecies Infected by Pythium insidiosumPythium insidiosum
CanineCanine Australia, Brazil, Korea, USA and VenezuelaAustralia, Brazil, Korea, USA and Venezuela
EquineEquine Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, New Zealand,Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, New Zealand,
New Guinea, USA and VenezuelaNew Guinea, USA and Venezuela
FelineFeline USAUSA
BovineBovine Brazil, USA and VenezuelaBrazil, USA and Venezuela
HumanHuman Australia, New Zealand, Haiti, India ThailandAustralia, New Zealand, Haiti, India Thailand
and the USAand the USA
BearBear USAUSA
CamelCamel USAUSA
4. Incidence of Pythiosis in the USIncidence of Pythiosis in the US
1995-2003 158 cases (all species)
2004 72 cases (all species)
2005 (Jan-Aug) 102 cases (all species)
2010 752 cases (all species)
17. Laboratory Diagnosis
1) Very few laboratories are familiar with
P. Insidiosum
2) Difficult to culture
3) Difficult to identify in histopath studies
4) Difficult to identify by clinical
presentation
22. What is Pythium Immunotherapy?
Allergy desensitization via Subcutaneous
presentation of purified P. insidiosum antigens
Switching of the of the immune response
from TH2 (allergic) to TH1 mode
(protective and curative)
25. Pythium antibody in Canines participating in FieldPythium antibody in Canines participating in Field
Trial Training and CompetitionsTrial Training and Competitions
Result #Dogs % of TotalResult #Dogs % of Total
Negative 105 61.4Negative 105 61.4
Borderline 43 25.1Borderline 43 25.1
PositivePositive 23 13.523 13.5
Total 171 100Total 171 100
* Normal Dogs <1 % Positive ,<5% Borderline, >95% Negative* Normal Dogs <1 % Positive ,<5% Borderline, >95% Negative
26. Pythium Associated Symptoms in Field Trial/HuntPythium Associated Symptoms in Field Trial/Hunt
CaninesCanines
VOMITING/DIARRHEAVOMITING/DIARRHEA
IN LAST 12 MONTHSIN LAST 12 MONTHS
Blood testBlood test
Negative 7 (6.7%)Negative 7 (6.7%)
Borderline 3 (7.0%)Borderline 3 (7.0%)
Positive 13 (26.1%)Positive 13 (26.1%)
32. Immunotherapy
♦ Purified protein extract of P. insidiosum
♦ Early treatment increases success rate
♦ Use as first option treatment
♦ >85% effective in equines, 50% effective in
canines
♦ Combine with surgical de bulking in chronic
cases
33. • Pythium insidiosum is endemic in
tropical and subtropical regions
• Differential diagnosis includes
subcutaneous mycosis, lymphoma,
parasitic and bacterial infections
• Serologic diagnosis is fast and accurate
• Itraconazole, Amphotericin B, Iodine and
surgery have shown limited success
• Immunotherapy alone or in conjunction with
other therapies demonstrates highest success
rate
34. Lagenidium gigantumLagenidium gigantum
Similar to Pythium in classSimilar to Pythium in class
Similar to Pythium in diseaseSimilar to Pythium in disease
characteristicscharacteristics
Essentially identical to Pythium inEssentially identical to Pythium in
tissue sectionstissue sections
Does not respond to PythiumDoes not respond to Pythium
ImmunotherapyImmunotherapy
35. Accurate Diagnosis is EssentialAccurate Diagnosis is Essential
Clinical presentation is not goodClinical presentation is not good
enoughenough
Histopath examination is not goodHistopath examination is not good
enoughenough
Pythium test alone is not good enoughPythium test alone is not good enough
Accurate diagnosis requires blood testAccurate diagnosis requires blood test
for both Pythium and Lagenidiumfor both Pythium and Lagenidium
Editor's Notes
Subcutaneous No draining tracts
Cutaneous Intestinal infection occurs in +/- 50% of infected dogs Peri-anal cutaneous lesions develop secondary to intestinal lesions
Usually cutaneous Up to 5% annual herd loss in herds studied in Venezuela
Results in 1-2 days vs 2-3 weeks for histopath Sensitivity >95% Specificity > 99% 1 cc serum required Cost $40 per sample
Surgery must be done in first 30 days of infection with complete removal of Pythium “ Wide and Deep” Equine Immunotherapy >90% at 30 days >75% at 60 days >60% at 90 days Canines probably similar, but most intestinal cases present at >90 days
Intense allergic/inflammatory response leading to tissue death and necrosis
Top Eosinophil/mast cell changing to Macropahge/lymphocyte Bottom Hyphae death and removal
Historical Equines overall 65-75% (90% in 30 day dropping to 50% in 90 day) (in this study 3 of 6 failures were >90 day infections) Canines overall 35% Lower due to advanced Intestinal infections
8/22/03 initial trmt 9/27/03 90 days 11/25/03 120 days 3/17/04 240 days
In advanced cases de-bulking has proven helpful. Removes a large part of the Pythium allowing immuno destruction of remaining inection.
