This document discusses an adaptive pixel value differencing (PVD) based secret data hiding technique. It begins with an introduction to steganography and some common steganography techniques. The proposed method aims to embed most data into edged areas of an image since there are larger pixel differences, increasing embedding capacity. It implements a PVD-based embedding and extraction algorithm. Experimental results on Lena and Baboon images show increased payload and acceptable stego image quality compared to LSB substitution. The proposed method effectively and efficiently embeds hidden information imperceptibly into cover images.

1. An Adaptive PVD based Secret Data
Hiding
BY
ABHISHEK DHARA

2. Introduction
Ways of sending information
encryption steganograhy

3. Steganography !
encrypt msg cover file
watermarking
Advantages
secrecy
Imperceptibility
High capacity
Accurate extraction
files such as audio,video,image,etc..

4. Image Steganography process

5. Classical Methods
 ZZTS Technique
 PVD Technique
 LSB substitution technique
 OPAP technique

6. Objective of proposed
method
 Most of the data is embedded into the
edged areas.
 Pixels around an edge area will have
larger differences where as pixels at a
smooth area will have smaller
differences; thus enhancing embedding
capacity of image.

7. IMPLEMENTATION OF PVD
 Embedding Algorithm : In this data to be hidden is embedded
into a color image and thus resulting into a stego image.
 Extraction Algorithm : In this hidden data and the color image
is extracted from the stego image.

8. CONTROL AND DATA FLOW
DIAGRAMS

9. Advantages :
 High hiding capacity compared to LSB Substitution
technique.
 We get good quality of the stego image.
 Provides maximum possible payload.
 Embedded data is imperceptible to the observer.
Limitations :.
 Requires a lot of overhead to hide a relatively
bits of information.
This can be overcome by using HIGH SPEED
COMPUTERS.

10. Applications
 In secret communication system.
 Military applications.
 Hiding and protecting of secret data in industry.
 Navy and Air force.
 Business Deals

11. Results and Discussions
 Lena and baboon 256 × 256 × 3 colour digital
images
Range Cover image
Max bits that can
be embedded
(payload)
No of bits
embedded
Capacity
(bits/pixel
)
PSNR
Range1
Lena 653149
51360 3.8016 44.9412
4768 3.141 55.5705
115360 3.2268 40.8688
Baboon 609524
51360 3.2927 44.7668
4768 3.2 54.8287
115360 3.0352 41.7503
Range2
Lena 693700
51360 3.624 43.494
4768 3.7338 53.4812
115360 3.6078 40.3313
Baboon 700087
51360 3.6488 43.2479
4768 3.7192 53.6941
115360 3.5019 40.2084

12. The input cover image
0
200
400
600
The histogram of input cover image
0 100 200
The output stego image
0
200
400
600
800
The histogram of stego image
0 100 200
Experimental result using Range1 for Baboon cover image

13. The input cover image
0
200
400
600
800
The histogram of input cover image
0 100 200
The output stego image
0
500
1000
The histogram of stego image
0 100 200
Experimental result using Range2 for Lena cover image

14. Conclusion
 Enhanced embedding capacity of image .
 Embeded the hidden information in the cover
image and use digital signature using a key to verify
the integrity from the stego-image.
 Experimental results verify that the proposed model
is effective and efficient.

15. References
 1.A.L.Khade. B.G.Hogde, V B Gaikwad. “Secret Communication via Image Hiding In Image by Pixel Value Differencing”, ICWET‟,
February 2010, 437-438.
 2. H.B. Kekre, Archana Athawale, Pallavi N. Halarnkar, “Performance Evaluation of Pixel Value Differencing and Kekre‟s Modified
Algorithm for Information Hiding in Images”, International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Control
(ICAC3‟09) .
 3.H.C. Wu, N.I. Wu, C.S. Tsai and M.S. Hwang, “Image steganographic scheme based on pixel value differencing and LSB replacement
method”, IEEE Proceedings on Vision, Image and Signal processing, Vol. 152, No. 5,pp. 611-615, 2005
 4. Han-ling ZHANG, Guang-zhi GENG, Cai-qiong Xing, 2009.“Image Steganography using Pixel-Value Differencing”, IEEE DOI
10.1109/ISECS.2009.139), 109–112.
 5. J.K. Mandal, Debashis Das “Steganography Using Adaptive Pixel Value Differencing(APVD) for Gray Images through Exclusion of
Underflow/Overflow ”, Computer Science & Information Series, ISBN : 978-1-921987-03-8, pp. 93-102, 2012
 6. J. K. Mandal and Debashis Das, “Colour Image Steganography Based on Pixel Value Differencing in Spatial Domain”, International
Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) Vol.2, No.4, July 2012, 83-93 .
 7. Reena M. Patel & D. J. Shah. “Data Hiding Using Pixel Pair Differencing Technique”.
 COMPUTECH: An International Journal of Computer Sciences (ISSN: 2229-4589). (Globe Publications: Delhi) Vol. 3, No. 6 (January 2013):
25-3.
 8. www.wikipedia.com
 9. www.programmer2programmer.com

16. THANK YOU