The document discusses the profit volume (P.V.) ratio, which measures the rate of change in profit from a change in sales volume. The P.V. ratio is used to determine the break-even point, profit at different sales volumes, and sales needed to achieve a target profit. It remains constant as long as unit price and variable costs stay fixed. The P.V. ratio helps with pricing, product analysis, and profit planning. It allows businesses to calculate contribution, variable costs, margin of safety, and profit or loss at any sales level. Maintaining a high P.V. ratio is desirable as it leads to greater profits.

1. USES OF PROFIT VOLUME RATIO
PRESENTED BY Submitted to
Shahana P (Roll no. 37) Pawan Kumar Gupta,
Anjana K (Roll no. 12) Assistant Professor, Department of
B.COM –II YEAR Commerce, MGGAC, Mahe

2. WHAT IS P. V. RATIO
The profit volume (P. V) ratio is the measurement of the rate of change of profit
due change in volume of sales . P. V ratio is the relationship percentage of
contribution in terms of sales or turn over . It is also known as contribution to sale
ratio.
The concept of P. V. ratio helps in determining break- even- point, profit at any
volume of sales, sales volume required toEarn a desired amount of profit .
It’s the fundamental property is that if Per unit sales price and variable cost are
constant theb P. V ratio will be constant at all levels of activities.
P. V ratio plays very important part in the solution of problems sought to be
delate with by the break-even analysis. It is very helpful in pricing policy , product
analysis and profit planning.

3. APPLICATIONS OF PROFIT VOLUME RATIO
• Determination Of break-even point. (BEP =F. C/P. V ratio)
• Determination of contribution (contribution=sales *P. V. ratio)
• Determination of Marginal of safety (M. S=profit /P. V ratio)
• Determination of variable costs for any volume of sales. (v. c=sales(1- P. V ratio)
• Determination of profit or loss (profit=sales,*P. V. Ratio) – F. C.

4. FORMULAS OF P. V. RATIO
1.P. V. Ratio= sales-variable cost /sales*100
2.P. V. Ratio = contribution/sales*100
3.P. V. Ratio =change in profit/change in sales *100
4.P. V. Ratio =change in contribution /change in sales *100
5.P. V. Ratio =profit/margin of safety *100
6.P. V. Ratio =fix cost/break even point

5. USES OF P. V. RATIO
• It helps in the determination Of break-even – Point [BEP=Fixed cost/P. V ratio]
• It helps in the determination Of sales to earn a desired amount of profit [Sales
=Fixed cost +desired profit /P. V. Ratio ]
• It helps in determining the required selling price per unit [selling price per unit
=variable cost/1-p/v ratio]
• It helps in determining the variable cost for any volume of sales [ Variable cost
=1-p.v ratio
• It helps in determining Margin of safety [margin of safety =profit /P.v ratio]

6. EXAMPLES OF P. V. RATIO
? Company sale are RS. 1000000 @ rs 10 per unit . It’s fixed cost rs. 250000 and
variable cost rs. 600000 . Calculate P. V ratio?
• sales-v.c=contribution (1000000-600000=rs. 400,000 )
• P. V. Ratio =contribution/sales* 100 =400,000 /1000000 *100=40%
• P. V ratio =40%.
? Years. Contribution. Sales
2010. 150000. 300000
2011. 180000. 360000 [if Marginal of safety rs.
20000]

7. • P. V ratio =change in contribution /change in sales *100
• 30000/60,000 *100
• =50%
• P. V ratio =profit /margin of safety *100
• =10000/20000,*100 =50%.

8. CONCLUSION
A high Profit volume ratio is always desirable. Hence every firm must try to
maintain high P. V ratio or to increase it. If profit volume is lower , it can be
improved in the manners.
• Increase in the sales price
• Decreasing the variable cost
• change the sales mix
Higher the P. V ratio more will be the Profit and lower the P.
V ratio lesser will be the Profit .

9. THE PROFIT VOLUME GRAPH

10. THANK YOU