The document discusses the evolution of electronic commerce (e-commerce), emphasizing the transition from traditional business models to revenue models, and the role of economic forces in promoting e-commerce growth. It outlines various categories of e-commerce such as B2C, B2B, and C2C, and highlights the significance of value chains and SWOT analysis in identifying business opportunities. The document also addresses the challenges of international e-commerce, including cultural differences, trust issues, and the need for localization.

1. ADP1 - Advanced Diploma of Information Technology
MIT Nguyễn Hữu Phát
Kent International College
80 hours

3.  In this chapter, you will learn about:
 What electronic commerce is and how it is
poised for a second wave of growth and
profitability
 Why business models have given way to
revenue models and the analysis of business
processes as key elements of electronic
commerce initiatives

4.  How economic forces have created a business
environment that is fostering a rebirth of
electronic commerce How businesses use value
chains to identify electronic commerce
opportunities
 How businesses use SWOT analysis to analyze
and evaluate business opportunities

5.  Why electronic commerce is international by its
very nature and what challenges arise in doing
global electronic commerce

7.  Electronic commerce (e-
commerce)
› Businesses trading with other
businesses and internal
processes
 Electronic business (e-business)
› Term used interchangeably
with e-commerce
› The transformation of key
business processes through the
use of Internet technologies

8.  Five general e-commerce categories
› Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
› Business-to-Business (B2B)
› Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
› Business-to-Government (B2G)
› Consumer-to-Government (C2G)
 Supply management or procurement
› Departments devoted to negotiating purchase
transactions with suppliers
E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 8

9.  Model B2B estore : Alibaba/ www.golmart.vn
 Model B2B Sàn giao dịch : Vinametal.com
 Model B2B đấu giá: chodientu.vn
 Model B2B Sale : saleoff.com.vn
 Model B2C & C2C auction : Ebay/ Chodientu
 Model so sánh giá : Aha.vn, Vatgia.com
 Model b2C & C2C estore : Vatgia.com
 Model C2C rao vặt : 5giay/ Rong bay/ Muare/
Enbac, muabannhadat.com
 Model B2C sale ; Amazon, Ban , 25h.vn,
Megabuy.vn, Thegioididong.vn

11.  Transaction
› An exchange of value
 Business processes
› The group of logical, related, and sequential
activities and transactions in which businesses
engage
 Telecommuting or telework
› Employee logs in to company computer through
Internet instead of traveling to office

12. M-Commerce vs E-Commerce
“Any time, any where” vs “All time”
Mobile Commerce, also known as M-Commerce or mCommerce,
is the ability to conduct commerce using a mobile device, such as a
mobile phone, a Personal digital assistantPDA, a smartphone, or
other emerging mobile equipment such as dashtop mobile devices

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14. E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 14

15.  Electronic funds (money)
transfers (EFTs)
› Also called wire transfers
› Electronic transmissions of
account exchange
information over private
communications networks
 Electronic data interchange
(EDI)
› Transmitting computer-
readable data in a standard
format to another business

16.  Trading partners
› Businesses that engage
in EDI with each other
 Value-added network
(VAN)
› Independent firm
› Offers connection and
transaction-forwarding
services to buyers and
sellers engaged in EDI

17. m-mobile e-learning
2001 B2E c-commerce e-government
1999 B2B
1995 B2C
1990s Electronic Commerce
(EC)
Hệ thống Hệ thống
đặt chỗ mua bán Internet
(du lịch) chứng khoán
Electronic Data Interchange Kỹ thuật dùng để chuyển các loại tài liệu
(EDI) điện tử theo 1 lộ trình nhất định. Sau này
dùng để chuyển các giao dịch tài chính và
các loại giao dịch khác.
1970s Electronic Funds Transfer Tiền được gửi đi theo 1 lộ trình điện tử từ
(EFT) công ty này sang công ty khác.

19.  Defining characteristics of first
wave
› Dominant influence of U.S.
businesses
› Extensive use of the English
language
› Low bandwidth data
transmission technologies
› Unstructured use of e-mail
› Overreliance on advertising as
a revenue source
E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 19

20.  As second wave begins
› Future of electronic
commerce will be
international in scope
› Language translation and
handling currency
conversion problem will
need to be solved
› E-mail will be used as an
integral part of marketing
and customer contact
strategies

21.  Business model
› A set of processes that
combine to yield a profit
 Revenue model
› Used to
 Identify customers
 Market to those customers
 Generate sales to those
customers

22.  Merchandising
› Combination of store design, layout, and product display
knowledge
 Commodity item
› Hard to distinguish from the same products or services
provided by other sellers
› Features have become standardized and well known

23.  Shipping profile
› Collection of attributes that affect how easily a product can be
packaged and delivered
 High value-to-weight ratio
› Can make overall shipping cost a small fraction of the selling price
E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 23

24.  Can increase sales and
decrease costs
 If advertising done well on
the Web
› Can get a firm’s promotional
message out to potential
customers in every country
 Using e-commerce sales
support and order-taking
processes, a business can
› Reduce costs of handling
sales inquiries
› Provide price quotes

25.  Increases purchasing
opportunities for buyer
 Negotiating price and
delivery terms is easier
 The following cost less to
issue and arrive securely
and quickly
› Electronic payments of tax
refunds
› Public retirement
› Welfare support

26.  Perishable grocery products
are much harder to sell
online
 Difficult to
› Calculate return-on-
investment
› Integrate existing databases
and transaction-processing
software into software that
enables e-commerce
 Cultural and legal obstacles
also exist
E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 26

27. E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 27

32.  Các ứng dụng kinh doanh trên
Internet được chia là 4 mức độ
khác nhau:
› Brochureware: Quảng cáo trên
Internet. Đưa thông tin lên
mạng dưới một website giới
thiệu công ty, sản phẩm... Hầu
hết các ứng dụng trên Internet
ở Việt Nam đều ở dạng này.
› eCommerce: Thương mại điện
tử. Là các ứng dụng cho phép
trao đổi giữa người mua và
người bán, hỗ trợ khách hàng
và quản lý cơ sở dữ liệu khách
hàng hoàn toàn trên mạng.
Đây là hình thức giao dịch giữa
người bán và người mua
(Business To Customer hay viết
tắt là B2C).

33. • eBusiness: Kinh doanh điện
tử. Là ứng dụng cho phép
thực hiện giao dịch giữa
doanh nghiệp này với doanh
nghiệp khác và khách hàng
của doanh nghiệp đó
(Business To Business hay viết
tắt là B2B). B2B bao gồm các
ứng dụng như thị trường ảo,
quản lý quan hệ khách
hàng...
• eEnterprise: Doanh nghiệp
điện tử. Một số doanh nghiệp
ứng dụng cả B2C và B2B.
Các doanh nghiệp nay được
gọi là eEnterprise.

34.  Economics
› Study of how people allocate scarce resources
 Two conditions of a market
› Potential sellers of a good come into contact with potential
buyers
› A medium of exchange is available

35.  Total costs that a buyer
and seller incur
 Significant components of
transaction costs
› Cost of information search
and acquisition
› Investment of seller in
equipment or in the hiring
of skilled employees to
supply product or service
to buyer

36.  Businesses and individuals
› Can use electronic
commerce to reduce
transaction costs by
 Improving flow of
information
 Increasing coordination
of actions

37.  Network economic structure
› Companies coordinate their
strategies, resources, and skill
sets
 Strategic alliances (strategic
partnerships)
› Relationships created within
the network economic
structure
E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 37

38.  Virtual companies
› Strategic alliances that
occur between or
among companies
operating on the Internet
 Strategic partners
› Come together as a
team for a specific
project or activity

39.  Law of diminishing returns
› Most activities yield less
value as the amount of
consumption increases
 Network effect
› As more people or
organizations participate in
a network
 Value of network to each
participant increases

40.  Strategic business unit
› One particular combination of
product, distribution channel,
and customer type
 Firm
› Multiple business units owned
by a common set of
shareholders
 Industry
› Multiple firms that sell similar
products to similar customers
E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 40

41.  Value chain
› A way of organizing the
activities that each strategic
business unit undertakes
 Primary activities
› Design, produce, promote,
market, deliver, and support
the products or services it
sells
 Supporting activities
› Human resource
management and
purchasing
E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 41

42. E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 42

43.  Value system
› Larger stream of
activities into which a
particular business unit’s
value chain is
embedded
› Also referred to as
industry value chain
E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 43

44. E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 44

45.  SWOT analysis
› Analyst first looks into the
business unit to identify its
strengths and
weaknesses
› Analyst then reviews
operating environment
and identifies
opportunities and threats
E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 45

46. E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 46

47. E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 47

48.  Companies with established reputations
› Often create trust by ensuring that customers
know who they are
› Can rely on their established brand names to
create trust on the Web
 Customers’ inherent lack of trust in “strangers”
on the Web
› Logical and to be expected
E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 48

49. E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 49

50.  To do business effectively in other cultures
› Must adapt to culture
 Researchers have found that
› Customers are more likely to buy products and
services from Web sites in their own language
 Localization
› Translation that considers multiple elements of local
environment
E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 50

51. E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 51

52.  Important element of
business trust
› Anticipate how the other
party to a transaction will act
in specific circumstances
 Culture
› Combination of language
and customs
› Varies across national
boundaries
› Varies across regions within
nations

53.  Internet infrastructure includes
› Computers and software
connected to Internet
› Communications networks over
which message packets travel
 Organization for Economic
Cooperation and
Development’s (OECD)
› Statements on Information and
Communications Policy
 Deal with telecommunications
infrastructure development
issues

54.  Flat-rate access system
› Consumer or business pays
one monthly fee for
unlimited telephone line
usage
› Contributed to rapid rise of
U.S. electronic commerce
 Targets for technological
solutions
› Paperwork and processes
that accompany
international transactions
E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 54

56. › Năm 2007:
 Tổng doanh thu: Gần 15 tỷ USD
 Lợi nhuận trước thuế: 476 triệu USD
› Năm 2008:
 Tổng doanh thu: Hơn 19 tỷ USD
 Lợi nhuận trước thuế: 645 triệu USD

57. › Năm 2007:
 Tổng doanh thu: Khoảng 7,6 tỷ USD
 Lợi nhuận trước thuế: 384 triệu USD
› Năm 2008:
 Tổng doanh thu: Hơn 8,54 tỷ USD
 Lợi nhuận trước thuế: Gần 1,78 tỷ USD

58. › Năm 2007:
 Tổng doanh thu: Gần 2,2 tỷ Nhân dân tệ
 Lợi nhuận trước thuế: 1,15 tỷ Nhân dân tệ
› Năm 2008:
 Tổng doanh thu: Hơn 3 tỷ Nhân dân tệ
 Lợi nhuận trước thuế: 1,4 tỷ Nhân dân tệ

59. › Năm 2007 : Giao dịch cả thị trường : 12.5 triệu USD (~200 tỷ VND)
› Năm 2008 : Giao dịch cả thị trường : 37.5 triệu USD (~600 tỷ VND)
 123mua.com.vn : 9.3 triệu USD (~150 tỷ VND)
 chodientu.com.vn : 9.3 triệu USD (~150 tỷ VND)

60. › 25% dân số truy cập Internet
› Thị trường bán lẻ
 65% tìm thông tin trước khi mua sắm
 27% mua sắm có ảnh hưởng của Internet
› Báo cáo TMĐT Việt Nam 2008 (Bộ Công Thương)
 88% DN cho phép nhận đơn hàng bằng phương tiện
điện tử
 45% DN có website
 35% DN có doanh thu trên 15% nhờ TMĐT

62.  Commerce
› Negotiated exchange of goods or services
 Electronic commerce
› Application of new technologies to conduct
business more effectively
 First wave of electronic commerce
› Ended in 2000
 Second wave of electronic commerce
› New approaches to integrating Internet
technologies into business processes
E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 62

63.  Using electronic commerce, businesses have
› Created new products and services
› Improved promotion, marketing, and delivery of
existing offerings
 Global nature of electronic commerce
› Leads to many opportunities and few challenges
 To conduct electronic commerce across
international borders
› You must understand the trust, cultural, and
language legal issues
E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fifth Annual Edition 63