Here are the answers to the tutorial questions: 1. The 4 main types of transportation are: road, water, air and rail transports. 2. The 2 main types of airlines are: scheduled airlines and chartered/non-scheduled airlines. 3. The 5 main types of trains are: high speed trains, inter-city trains, commuter trains, rapid transit trains, and light rail trains. 4. 5 characteristics of coaches are: comfortable seats, luggage racks, passenger service units, on-board restrooms, and onboard WiFi. 5. 6 reasons some people don’t cruise: motion sickness, small spaces, large crowds, risk of norovirus, high

1. CHAPTER 9
TRANSPORTATION By: Mumtazul Ilyani
SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO
HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

2. INTRODUCTION
• The earliest forms of transportation in the
ancient times were animals on land and sails
on the sea. Travel development from the
need to survive, to expand and develop
trade to far off countries, and the hunger to
capture new lands and territories.
• Transport is one of the major components of
the tourism industry. To develop any place of
tourist attraction there have to be proper,
efficient, and safe modes of transportation.
• Aircraft with the jet engines were introduced
in the 1950s. With the development of
technology, travel became faster and more
and people could travel around the globe.

3. DEFINITION
The term transport is derived from the Latin word trans
meaning across a port. Thus, the movement of people
or goods from one place to another by a means of
transport is called transportation.

4. TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION
Road transports Water transports
Air transports
Rail transports

5. AIRLINE INDUSTRY
• Before the World War II, Swissair already was carrying
around 14-16 passenger between Zurich to London.
• The first commercial service was introduced by KLM,
the Dutch Airlines, in 1920 between Amsterdam and
London. Commercial air travel grew mostly after World
War II. More facilities were introduced and there was
more comfort in travel.
• Jet flights were inaugurated by Great Britain in the year
1952. In the year 1958 Pan American introduced the
Boeing 707 services between Paris and New York. Due
to the introduction of jet flights, the year 1959 onward
saw a tremendous increase in air traffic.

6. AIRLINE INDUSTRY
• There two types of airlines.
• Scheduled airlines operate as regular schedules.
• Chartered airlines or the non-scheduled airlines
operate only when there is a demand, mainly during
the tourist seasons. The chartered flights work out
cheaper than the scheduled carriers as they are
operated only when there is a high load factor.

8. Role of International Airlines in the
Tourism Industry
• The role of airlines in the total tourism business is
to provide mass and quick transportation between
countries under safe, standardized and economical
conditions. Its relationship to the tourism industry is
better understood by breaking down the entire
activity of tourism into its component parts.
• Purpose of travel
Because of quick and efficient transportation,
people are spurred to travel for various reasons as
destinations have become more accessible.

9. IN-FLIGHT FOODSERVICE
• Food has become a major competitive factor
with the air-lines.
• Provide meal for their own in-flight business or
have the service provided by a contactor.
• Food maybe prepared in factory mode at a
facilities close to but outside of the airport
• Food is prepared and packaged: it then is
transported to the departure gates for the
appropriate flights
• Once the food is loaded onto the aircraft, flight
attends take over serving the food to
passengers.

10. AIRLINE CATERING
• LSG Lufthansa Service Holding AG,
which is the world's largest provider
of airline catering and in-flight
services. LSG Sky Chefs is the global
market leader in airline catering in
terms of market share, quality,
innovative drive and worldwide
presence.
• With 210 customer service centers
based in 51 countries, the LSG Sky
Chefs Group has the largest network
of production sites in the industry.

11. AIRLINE CATERING
• Airline catering in Malaysia:
1. MAS Awana Services is the principal inflight services
provider at Kuching International Airport and Kota
Kinabalu International Airport. Currently serve maximum
capacity of 10, 000 meals daily. 100% halal certified
kitchen with fully halal compliant integrated food logistic
supply chain.
2. Brahim’s SATS Food Services Sdn Bhd is the principal
inflight services provider at both the Kuala Lumpur
International Airport (KLIA) and Penang International
Airport. BSFS caters to an average of 190 aircraft per day
and prepares an average of 35,000 to 40,000 meals per
day. BSFS currently serves 36 international airlines.

12. RAIL INDUSTRY
• The railway is the most economical, convenient,
and popular mode of travel especially for long
distance travel all over the world.
• The railroad was invented in the seventeenth
century in Germany with wooden tracks.
• The first steel rail was developed in the USA
during the early 1800s. The railways
revolutionized transportation and mass
movement of people seen in the nineteenth and
twentieth centuries.
• Allows travelers the opportunity to view scenery
as they travel in a comfortable atmosphere.

13. RAIL INDUSTRY
• France and Japan are well known for their high-speed trains.
France have been willing to subsidized its rail system.
Japan continues to improve and expand its famous “bullet train”.
• Types of train:
High speed trains are generally defined as trains that can operate 125mph or faster. High
speed trains generally connect large metropolitan areas and are meant to be competitive
with airlines in terms of overall travel time.
Inter-city trains generally mean trains traveling long distances connecting metropolitan
areas. It operate at highway speed. Serve small cities between metropolitan areas aren’t
served by airlines.
Commuter trains generally mean trains connecting suburban areas with the central city
and primarily serves riders to and from work. Typically run on weekdays, during rush
hours, and only in the peak directions.
Rapid transit also known as metro and subway, mean trains that generally serve the
urban-core, have large passenger capacity, and operate totally separate from road traffic.
In order to run separately from road traffic in the city-core, rapid transit trains would run
either above or underground.
Light rail, mean trains that function as local transit in an urban-core and can operate on
the street-level. Costs less, is more pedestrian friendly, but has less passenger capacity.

14. MOTORCOACH INDUSTRY
• Motorcoach is a bus used for longer-distance
service, in contrast to transit buses that are typically
used within a single metropolitan region.
• Intercity bus passengers tend to be lower income
non-business travelers who are very price sensitive.
• Intercity bus service is becoming less important due
to increased auto ownership and aggressive airline
pricing.
• Bus travel is characterized by:
More travel to and from rural areas and small
towns than other modes of transportation.
Lower average ticket revenues than other
modes.

15. MOTORCOACH INDUSTRY
• Coaches, as they hold passengers for significant periods of time on long
journeys, are designed for comfort.
Comfortable seats that may include a folding table, armrests, and
recliner.
Luggage racks above the seats where passengers can access their
carry-on baggage during the journey.
Passenger service units, mounted overhead, on which personal
reading lights and air conditioning ducts can be controlled and used
by individual passengers.
On-board rest rooms fitted with toilets, hand basins and hand
sanitizer.
Onboard Wi-Fi access and electrical plug point.

16. AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
• Most popular mode of travel in the world because of
affordability, flexibility, and convenience.
• In the U.S., the Travel Industry Association of America reports
that 80% of person- trips are made by auto.
• Rental car industry growing in importance.
 Grosses approximately $24 billion per year.
• The major concern – the maintenance of the highway network.
• Most type and services in automobile are:
Recreation vehicles
(caravans, motorhome, campervans)
Rental cars
Taxi and limousine service

17. CRUISE INDUSTRY
• Cruise ships are large passenger ships used mainly
for vacationing.
• One of the most rapidly growing sectors of tourism.
• Its purpose is to provide resort experience rather
than point-to point transportation.
• The cruise industry has evolved to be a leader in
innovation and technological advancement.
• Cruise vacations are fun, safe and offer a wide
variety of amenities and recreational activities that
appeal to all vacationers.

18. CRUISE SHIP
• Cruise ships are organized much like floating
hotels, with a complete hospitality staff in
addition to the usual ship's crew.
• Besides the dining room, modern cruise ships
often contain one or more casual buffet-style
eateries, which may be open 24 hours and with
menus that vary throughout the day to provide
meals ranging from breakfast to late-night
snacks.
• Modern cruise ships typically have aboard some
or all of the following facilities:
• Casino, spa, fitness center, library, cinema, indoor
and/or outdoor swimming pool with water slides,
clubs and even bowling alleys, ice skating rinks.

19. • FRANCESCO I is the first Cruise Ship in the
world. Built in 1831, it sailed from Naples,
Italy in early June 1833.
• The first vessel built exclusively for luxury
cruising was Prinzessin Victoria Luise of
Germany. The ship was completed in 1900.
• The Sovereign ships were the first
"megaships" to be built in 1988 for the
mass cruising market, they also were the
first series of cruise ships to include a
multi-story atrium with glass elevators.

20. COSTA SMERALDA (FINDLAND)
Entered Service: March 2019
Passengers: 6,600 Crew: 1,500
AIDAnova (GERMAN)
Entered Service: Oct 2018
Passengers: 6,600 Crew: 1,500
P&O IONA (UK)
Entered Service: Jan 2020
Passengers: 5,200 Crew: 1,800
MARDI GRAS (FLORIDA)
Entered Service: Dec 2020
Passengers: 5,282 Crew: 1,735

24. TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
1. STATE 4 TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION.
2. LIST 2 TYPES OF AIRLINE.
3. NAME 5 TYPES OF TRAIN.
4. OUTLINE 5 CHARACTERISTICS OF
COACHES.
5. STATE 6 REASONS WHY SOME PEOPLE
DON’T CRUISE.