thesis presentation about pashtun culture. department of architecture BUITEMS quetta.

1. • THESIS TOPIC
• “Promoting culture and traditions in its true
form” Culture complex at swat.
• ADNAN BACHA
• CMS 21442
• Department of architecture BUITEMS quetta

2. “Promoting culture and traditions in
its true form”
Culture complex at swat.

3. BACKGROUND OF STUDY
• A cultural complex is a place that is conserved for a collection of artifact and other
objects of scientific, artistic, cultural and historical importance. A cultural complex
makes all these objects available for public visits, through permanent or temporary
exhibitions. Large numbers of cultural complex are located in major cities of the
world.
• THEMS OF STUDY:
the cultural complex giving identity to the local people of swat.
• PROBLEM OF STATEMENT
• Unawareness of the people about the cultural heritage, No proper platform for exposure of
local craft and cultural heritage. Its important to preserve the original culture of swat which
facing rapid changes.
• AIM AND OBJECTIVES
• to promote the custom and culture of swat for the attraction of visitors from all
the world.
• to collect and preserve artifacts of historical traditional and cultural importance
used and practiced on the valley of swat.
• to protect and enhance the cultural resources that makes the valley unique.

4. SCOPE OF STUDY:
• Create an awareness among the people of region about their language
and culture. All norms, values, traditions and practices under one
comprehensive system, which is referred to as Pashtunwali. .Making the
international value of culture and local language. Become a monument in
city. Appreciate the recreational and cultural activities.
• 10 LIMITATIONS OF STUDY:
• The study will focus on pukhtoon culture and the use of local materials as
well as techniques of construction. The research will also focus on showing
the history and culture of the area.

5. Literature review
cultural complex
• A cultural complex or cultural
center is an organization, building
or complex that promotes culture
and arts. or culture complex. a
group of culture traits all
interrelated and dominated by
one essential trait. For example
nationalism is a culture complex.
Culture can be viewed as the
customs, arts and social
interactions of a particular
nation, people, or other social
group.

6. History of culture
• Cultural history records and
interprets past events involving
human beings through the social,
cultural, and political milieu of or
relating to the arts and manners that
a group favors. Jacob Burckhardt
(1818-1897) helped found cultural
history as a discipline. Cultural history
studies and interprets the record of
human societies by denoting the
various distinctive ways of living built
up by a group of people under
consideration. Cultural history
involves the aggregate of past
cultural activity, such as ceremony,
class in practices, and the interaction
with locales.
Pakistani culture
Life style basically shows the living standard of
people. All the provinces of Pakistan have
different life style. They spoke different
languages, dress up themselves according to
their culture and the variety

7. Who is pakhtun?
Pashtun, also spelled Pashtun or Pakhtun,
Hindustani Pathan, Persian Afghan, Pashto-
speaking people residing primarily in the
region that lies between the Hindu Kush in
northeastern Afghanistan and the northern
stretch of the Indus River in Pakistan.
Theories of Pashtun origin
There are multiple claims or theories
about the origins of the Pashtun tribes.
Among them are the traditional legend
of descent from King Saul, sometimes
called the Bani Israel origin theory

8. Khyber pakhtunkhwa
Peshawar is the capital, and the heart of
the province is the fertile Vale of
Peshawar, which is watered by the Kabul
and Swat rivers. This was the center of
the ancient kingdom of Gandhara and is
rich in archaeological remains.
Khyber pakhtunkhwa culture
Pashtun culture is based on Islam and
Pashtunwali, which is an ancient way of life, as
well as speaking of the Pashto language and
wearing Pashtun dress. The culture of the
Pashtun people is highlighted since at least the
time of Herodotus (484-425 BC) or Alexander the
Great, when he explored the Afghanistan and
Pakistan region in 330 BC.

9. The Pashtun Code of conduct
• Pashtunwali
• Pashtunwali or Pakhtunwali is a non-written ethical code and traditional lifestyle which the
indigenous Pashtun people follow. It is a system of law and governance that began during
prehistoric times and is preserved and still in use today, mostly in the rural tribal areas. Central to
identity as a Pakhtun is adherence to the male-centered code of conduct, the Pashtunwali ( or
Pakhtunwali). In the tribal model, conformity to Pashtunwali defines what it means to be "really"
Pashtun.
• Main principles
• Although not exclusive, the following eleven principles form the major components of Pashtunwali.
• Melmastia
• hospitality - Showing hospitality and profound respect to all visitors, regardless of race, religion,
national affiliation or economic status and doing so without any hope of remuneration or favour.
Pashtuns will go to great lengths to show their hospitality.
• Nanawatai
• forgiveness or asylum - Derived from the verb meaning to go in, this refers to the protection given
to a person against his enemies. People are protected at all costs; even those running from the law
must be given refuge until the situation can be clarified.
• Nyaw aw Badal
• justice and revenge - To seek justice or take revenge against the wrongdoer. No time limit restricts
the period in which revenge can be taken.
• Turah
• bravery - A Pashtun must defend his land, property, and family from incursions. He should always
stand bravely against tyranny and be able to defend the honour of his name. Death can follow if
anyone offends this principle.
• Sabat
• loyalty - Pashtuns owe loyalty to their family, friends and tribe members. Pashtuns can never
become disloyal as this would be a matter of shame for their families and themselves.

10. • Khegaṛa
• Shegaṛa (righteousness) - A Pashtun must always strive for good in thought, word,
and deed. Pashtuns must behave respectfully to people, to animals, and to the
environment around them. Pollution of the environment or its destruction is
against the Pashtunwali
• Groh
• faith - Contains a wider notion of trust or faith in God (known as "Allah" in Arabic
and "Khudai" in Pashto The notion of trusting in one Creator generally comports to
the Islamic idea of belief in only one God (taw heed).
• Naamus
• protection of women - A Pashtun must defend the honor of women at all costs and
must protect them from vocal and physical harm.
• Ewaad
• country - A Pashtun is obliged to protect the land of the Pashtuns. Defense of the
nation means the defense of Pashtun culture or "haśob" countrymen or
"hewaadwaal and of the self or "źaan". This principle is also interconnected to
another principle denoting the attachment a Pashtun feels with his land or źmaka
• Nang
• honor / bravery - is foremost in this code. This is articulated in a starkly black-and-
white, all-or-nothing manner. Without honor, life for a Pakhtun is not worth living.
According to Pashtunwali, it is the absolute duty of men to protect the
respectability of women and to protect the integrity of
• Panah
• is to take someone in personal protection. Even if a notorious criminal or an
outlaw asked for panah he will definitely be granted asylum and duly protected.
During panah he enjoys equal rights and status.

11. Social Life of Pukhtoons
• Family
• An attractive feature of the Pukhtoon way of life is the joint family system which signifies their deep
love for the family's solidarity and welfare. The desire of communal life emanates from a
consideration of economic security and integrity. All the family members, even the married sons,
live jointly in a house large enough to separately accommodate each married couple under the
authority of the father who, as head of the family, manages the family affairs and exercises an
immense influence in his own domain.
• Respect for Elders
• The Pukhtoon children are taught to show a great degree of respect to their parents and elders.
Senior members of the family, particularly elders, command great respect. Parents are properly and
reverently looked after in old age and every effort is made to provide them with all possible
comforts.
• Manners
• The Pukhtoons have several ways of greeting and salutation. Strangers passing on a road or
thoroughfare exchange courtesies such as "Starrey ma shey" (May you not be tired) and "Pa khair
raghley" (welcome). This is answered by "Khudai de mal sha" (May God be with you), "Pa khair
ossey" (May you live in peace) and "Ma khwaraigey" (May you not be poor).
• Love of Independence
• One of the outstanding characteristics of the Pukhtoons, as gleaned from their record, is their
passionate love for freedom and violent opposition to any infringement of their liberty.
• Status of Women
• Pukhtoon women do not observe the customary purdah but they do wear Burqa while paying visits
to cities or distant places beyond their locality.

12. Jirga
A jirga is a traditional assembly of leaders that make decisions by consensus and
according to the teachings of Pashtunwali. It predates modern-day written or fixed-
laws and is conducted to settle disputes among the Pashtun people but to a lesser
extent among other nearby groups that have been influenced by Pashtuns. The jirga
system is not a new phenomenon but obscured by the constitutional way of life. In
current affairs, when the jirga system caught attention of the international community,
it created some doubts. The tribal groups normally are sensitive to constitutional way
• Loya jirga
• in the Pashtunwali, a code of laws of the
Pashtun peoples living in areas of
Afghanistan and Pakistan and neighboring
countries, loya jirga "grand assembly“
• Qaumi or Ulusi Jirga
• The Ulasi Jirga is an assembly of the elders
comprising each household of a certain
village or community. It is convened to
discuss matters such as collective property,
rights and distribution of irrigation water, or
common concerns,
• Shakhsi Jirga
• This Jirga is formulated in case a dispute
arises between two individuals or families.
The Jirga members are chosen from both the
parties to arrive at a just settlement
acceptable to both sides.

13. • Hujra
• There are many characteristics of
Pakhtun culture and a hujra is one
of them. In fact, it is considered to
be the most important part of
Pakhtun culture. A hujra can be
loosely translated as a social club.
• Hospitality is considered the pride
of a Pakhtun and this is why
everyone in the tribe tries to serve
the guests in the hujra. This is
evident from the fact that there
are no hotels, motels or inns in the
area. And the Pakhtuns consider it
to be a matter of shame if a guest
leaves a hujra without being
treated with utmost respect and
served the best food they have to
offer.

14. • Flavors of Pashto Music
• Pashtoon is a unique nation. The Pashtuns
are a romantic people and extremely love
music but don't like musicians. If we look at
the history of nation, they are rough tough
people. They have their own taste of
aesthetics.
• Pashto music has two distinct aspects:
• The Classical
• The Traditional
• Tappa, Charbeta, Neemakai, Loba etc.
• Types of Instruments
• Dhol (Drum)
• Tabla (Tambourine)
• Rabab (Traditional Guitar)
• Sitar (Local Three strings guitar)
• Baja (Harmonium)
• Sarinda (Fiddle)
• Surna (Piper)
• Shpelai (Flute)

15. • Atanrh the Traditional Dance of
Pashtoon
• Pashtoons possess a rich culture with
all the ruggedness on the one hand
and all the softness, romance and
beauties on the other. The Pashtoon
dances have been defined as a
symbol of courage and heroism and
present the desire and readiness of a
tribe to go into a battle field. With
heavy and insistent drumming, the
dancers who are always male move
with uniform rhythm and steps.
• Types of atanrh
• Khattak Wal Atanrh
• Mahsood Wal Atanrh
• Waziro Atanrh
• Marwat Wala Atanrh
• Bhittani Atanrh

16. • Arts and Crafts
• In fine arts, Pashtoons have committed
themselves to the literature alone. Among
the professions, they have adopted only
Agriculture. Other professions are generally
ignored by Pashtoons but professionals
knowing Pashtoon mentality have created
arts in which Pashtoon character is reflected.
Pashtoon culture is patriarchal. In power,
they see greater beauty itself. Delicate and
soft jobs are left to women, so mostly the
arts and crafts are produced by women
according to the area and climatic conditions
and the condition of availability of raw
material for these crafts.

17. 3rd Millenary BC: Neolithic Age Proto-Historic
Period
6th Century BC:
Achemenid Period
530 B.C: Cyrus
Crossed Khyber
Pass and took
Peshawar
(Independence of
Ghandhara was
Terminated):
Darius 519 BC
27 BC: Alexander
the Great invades
323 BC: Alexander
dies
312-64 BC: Seleucid
Kingdom
Buddhist Period
starts
Kings: 1.
Chandragupta
Maurya
Swat now borders with Kingdom of Tibet Hindu Shahiya
Dynasty 870AD
The Ghaznavid
Kingdom in
Afghanistan
(last quarter of
10th Century AD)
The Ghurids, Ruler
Ala-ud-Din 1150-51
AD
The Mongol Period
1192-1526 (Gengis
Khan, Timur..)
The Mughal Empire
1526-1761
First King Babur,
foundation of the
Moghul Dynasty
laid in 1526
1500 AD The
Yousafzai Pathans
occupation and
control of Swat
complete
Swat functions as a Pathan Tribal
Society till 1916.
Time line of swat history

18. swat
Swat
Swat historically known as Uddyana, is
a river valley and an administrative
district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Province of Pakistan. It is the upper
valley of the Swat River, which rises in
the Hindu Kush range. The capital of
Swat is Saidu Sharif, but the main town
in the Swat valley is Mingora. It was a
princely state, the Yusafzai State of
Swat, until 1969, when it was dissolved
along with the states of Dir and Chitral
and made part of Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, then known as Khyber
pakhtunkhwa The valley is populated
mostly by ethnic Pashtuns and Gujjar
and Kohistani communities. The
languages spoken in the valley are
Pashto, Gojri, Torwali and Kohistani.
With high mountains, green meadows,
and clear lakes, it is a place of great
natural beauty and is popular with
tourists. QueenElizabeth II during her
visit to the The Yusafzai State of Swat
called it "the Switzerland of the east.

19. The Yousufzai State of
Swat
• The Ruler
• The administrative hierarchy comprised the Ruler on
the top and Tahsildar at the bottom. Wali was the
official title of the Ruler who was the supreme head of
the State, possessing all powers, and the virtual head
of all the departments.
Swat State was probably the only
governmental machine in the
contemporary world, which was run
without superfluity of paper work,
opined by Martin Moore. Abdul Jabar
Shah was the Originator of the
administrative system of the State, the
first ruler of the State (1915-1917).
This system was modified, developed
and refined by his successors at the
seat of the State, Miangul Abdul
Wadud 1917- 1949 and Miangul
Jahanzeb who ruled swat from1949-
till the merger of the State in 1969.
Civil Administration
The State being founded by the jarga
of a portion of Swat, the jarga had the
power to install and depose the Ruler,
which it practically exercised in the
installation and removal of Abdul
Jabbar Shah and also in the installation
of Miangul Abdul Wadud. Abdul
Wadud, however, gradually made
himself complete autocrat and also
made the office hereditary.

20. Mineral Resources
• Mines' production plays an important role in the economy of a country, particularly in the regions
where they exist, because, the local people get the opportunities to labor in, and earn their
livelihood. But the Swati mines have no importance for the local people in this respect.
• Emerald
• The finest quality of emerald is produced in Swat. Its Color and transparency is unique. It is the best
in world. It is exported to the international markets: There is an export potential of 500 million
dollars in this sector, provided it is excavated and cut as per international standards.
• China Clay
• The china clay exists at "Kathyar" in Nekpikheil (on the road that leads to Shahderai at a distance of
15 miles from Mingora). This is the largest mine, having the finest quality, of China clay in Pakistan.
• Soap Clay
• The mine of soap clay has been discovered recently between Alpurai and Kanra on the side of Gilgit
Road (Shahrah-e-Resham). It is spread in a vast area.
• Marbles
• The marbles are dug near Charbagh, Murghuzar, and Barikot in the proper valley of Swat, and in
Buner, it is mined in Thor Warsak, Bampokha, and Sawawai. Moreover, there is a great expectation
of iron ores, which will be discovered in near future.
• Industries
• The installation of industries depends upon the following items: The production of raw materials,
The availability of cheap labor,The means of communication The favor ability of climatic conditions,
The law and order situation,
In Swat, all the former four elements are available in abundance, but unfortunately, the fifth item is
totally absent, and Swat is intensely poor in political point of view. Therefore, we cannot find a
single factory or mill installed by the government.

21. National case study: lok virsa islamabad
• Building name:
lok virsa museum.
• Construction period:
1982
• Location:
capital, city islamabad
pakistan at garden road.
• Type:
art,heritage
• Area:
20,000sq/ft

22. Lok virsa islamabad
• Pakistani’s cultural heritage is
displayed there. It contains
statues, pottery, pictures,
work of textile and music. All
these things show different
living styles of Pakistan’s
different areas. Lok Virsa
Museum is one of the finest
museums of culture in
Pakistan. All the historical
things that are available there
and all the knowledge of these
historical things present there
actually represents the true
Pakistan.

23. Some components that related to our
topic.

24. INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY
National museum of the American Indian.
• INTRODUCTION:
• The National Museum of the American
Indian (NMAI) has one of the most extensive
collections of Native American arts and
artifacts in the world—approximately
266,000 catalog records (825,000 items)
representing over 12,000 years of history and
more than 1,200 indigenous cultures
throughout the Americas.
• Current holdings include all major culture
areas of the Western Hemisphere,
representing virtually all tribes in the United
States, most of those of Canada, and a
significant number of cultures from Middle
and South America and the Caribbean.
• Location
• Address: 4th St SW & Independence Ave SW,
Washington, DC 20560, USA.
• The site on the National Mall opened in
September 2004. Fifteen years in the
making, it is the first national museum in
the country dedicated exclusively to
Native Americans. The five-story, 250,000-
square-foot (23,000 m2), curvilinear
building is clad in a golden-colored Kasota
limestone designed to evoke natural rock
formations shaped by wind and water
over thousands of years. The museum’s
architect and project designer is the
Canadian Douglas Cardinal (Blackfoot); its
design Architects of Philadelphia and
architect Johnpaul Jones
(Cherokee/Choctaw). Disagreements
during construction led to Cardinal's being
removed from the project, but the
building retains his original design intent.
His continued input enabled its
completion.

26. NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN PICES