This document discusses hygiene, public toilets, why they are needed, potential contamination issues, and tips for using public toilets safely. It notes that public toilets can harbor germs and bacteria due to high usage. Some key risks include contact with surfaces like doors, sinks, and flush handles that may have contaminants. The document recommends using paper towels or toilet paper to avoid direct contact and washing hands thoroughly with warm water after use.

2. CONTENT
What is hygiene
What is public toilet
Why we need public toilet
Contamination from public toilet
Things not to do
Things to do
Reference

3. WHAT IS HYGIENE?
Hygiene is keeping your body healthy and
clean.
It is also keeping your body away from germs
and infections.

4. WHAT IS PUBLIC TOILET??
 Public toilets are places where one is obliged
to ease oneself in unfamiliar surroundings
among the strangers of the same sex.
 Public toilets are typically found in schools,
offices, factories, and other places of work;
in museums, cinemas, bars, restaurants, and
other places of entertainment; in railway
stations, filling stations, and on long
distance public transport vehicles such
as trains and planes.

5. WHY WE NEED PUBLIC TIOLET??
 To make our self comfortable when we are
outside from home.
 Reduction in spread of diseases and
protection of the environment.
 Improvement in the health and safety of
women.

6. CONTAMINATION AT THE PLACE OF
FACILITY…..
Upon direct contact with a toilet, we have to know that the bacteria
always travel through the skin most likely reaching wet and humid
zones.
Dr. Gerba, a bacteriologist of the University of Colorado found that
about 50% of toilet seats at hotels and restaurants were
contaminated with a type of bacteria called “Coliform”.
They will try to search open wounds,
sores, skin pimples, the vaginal
mucosa and the urinary orifice of the
tract in males.
Pathogens such as Tricomona vaginalis, a parasite that cause
vaginal infestations and urinary tract
infections in females.

7. There are other types of bacteria capable to develop “stomach flu” no matter
the person gender; these different types of bacteria may cause infections
through direct skin contact just by sitting on a dirty toilet seat without the
proper cover seat protection.
In an additional study made in hospitals and schools restrooms, the
toilet seats showed a significant and important amount of bacteria such
as staphylococci and pseudomonas, in part due the additional and
abundant presence of these pathogenic micro-organisms in the pipes
and water tanks.
"The bulk of the organisms found are basically fecal-borne bacteria."
These nasties can include E. coli (which can cause bloody diarrhea or
abdominal cramps), streptococcus (the bug behind strep throat), or S.
aureus (linked to serious skin problems or pneumonia).

8. THINGS NOT TO DO IN PUBLIC TOILETS
Don’t touch the door latch when entering or exiting the
toilet.
Try not to touch the sink handles with your bare hands.
Remember, someone before you just touched the handle
after exiting a stall and may have left contaminants.
When flushing the toilet, don’t touch the flusher with
your hands.
 And never sit or stand directly over the seat when
flushing!!
If we have choice between western and Indian toilet
then we should prefer Indian toilet when using toilet
outside home.
Don’t keep your luggage inside the toilets.

9. THINGS TO DO IN PUBLIC TOILETS
Use toilet paper or news paper to cover doors
latch and tapes when we touching them.
Try not to touch the sink handles with your bare
hands.
Use a paper towel or toilet paper to turn the
water on and off.
When flushing the toilet, don’t touch the flusher
with your hands. Use some toilet paper to cover
the handle. And flush toilet with your foot.
Wash your hands in the warmest water available
or that is comfortable to you. The hot water helps
sanitize your hands.

10. Never sit or stand directly over the seat when flushing
to avoid “spray zone” can be up to 6 feet.
Make a smart choice on what stall to use. Choose a
stall that seems the cleanest ,many times one or two
stalls may be visible dirty or contaminated. These stalls
should be avoided if possible.
covered the seat using toilet paper or seat covers, if
available or if not keep your own tissue paper role
during travelling outside.
 There are plenty of germs on the seat of the toilet.
So, keep your own seat protectors.
Bring alternate hand and body sanitation items.

11. SURVEY REUSLTS:-RISK AND
CONDITIONS IN PUBLIC TOILETS

12. REFERENCE
 https://www.freshassistspray.com/2015/11/how-to-safely-
use-a-public-toilet/
 http://www.wikihow.com/Use-a-Public-Restroom
 www.womenshealthmag.com/health/public-bathroom-facts
 greatist.com/grow/how-to-use-public-toilet