Study of Planning of Public Buildings

Study of Planning of Public Buildings
VPCOE Baramati Page 1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Urban India today, faces serious challenges of growth and its management. Across
geographies, the issues of urbanization manifest in the form of overcrowding, congestion,
insufficient infrastructure, inadequate service provisioning mainly in terms of drinking water,
sanitation, energy, transport, solid waste management, environmental degradation, and pollution,
etc. These, along with the poor management of rapid growth, affect the socioeconomic
development of the country.
So by using newly and broadly available technique in construction infrastructure town
planning engineer or planner can establish well developed buildings. Which are good in asthetic
safety proof and any disaster free. Public buildings are old in construction such as famous
auditorium markets schools colleges are good in construction but sometimes safety issues are
creates for such kind of view it is necessary to study and built safer public building. Again with
safety there are lot of energy systems are used in public buildings such as lights fuels gas water
etc. Due to urbanization these things are very much required to human beings but these things
are non renewable or pollution making things so it is need to use concept of green buildings used
in the public buildings.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Plan of the building is the assembling and grouping and arranging its component parts in
systematic manner and in proper order. So as to form a meaningful wholesome and
homogeneous body with a comprehensive look out to meet its functional purpose.
Planning of building depends on :
1. Its functional objects and requirements
2. Its component parts, their sizes and relationship between the different rooms
3. Shape of plot, topography
4. Climatic conditions of the place
5. Its location and neighborhood
6. Whether single storeyed or multi-storeyed, detached or semi-detachedor row houses.
Planning of building pre-supposes certain principles. Most of our buildings are constructed as
dwellings and as such the principles providing guidance in the planning of such buildings have
been given here. The basic principles have been enunciated on broad lines only and may be
applied to the problems on its individual merits.
The factors or principles which govern the theory of planning are given below:
1. Aspect
2. Prospect
3. Privacy
4. Furniture requirements
5. Roominess
6. Grouping
7. Circulation
8. Sanitation
9. Flexibility
10. Elegance
11. Economy

12. Practical considerations
Anne Taylor is Professor and Director of The Institute for Environmental Education,
University of New Mexico, and co-founder (with architect George Vlastos) of the School Zone
Institute, a body created in order to combine the curricular and child development goals of
education with the design elements of architecture. In a recent paper she pointed out that the
prime focus of the School Zone model is that the physical setting of the learning environment
does make a difference in, and directly contributes to, a child’s behavior and learning [8].
Planning research focussed on a scenario of greater numbers and intensities of floods as a
consequence of climate change, such that the research plan was strongly influenced by the flood
events of 2011.
The Cyclone Testing Station grew out of the same research group as the Centre for
Disaster Studies in the 1970s and comprises engineers who specialise in wind-loading [9].
A net zero-energy building (ZEB) is a residential or commercial building with greatly
reduced energy needs through efficiency gains such that the balance of energy needs can be
supplied with renewable technologies. Despite the excitement over the phrase “zero energy,” we
lack a common definition, or even a common understanding, of what it means. In this paper, we
use a sample of current generation low-energy buildings to explore the concept of zero energy:
what it means, why a clear and measurable definition is needed, and how we have progressed
toward the ZEB goal.
The way the zero energy goal is defined affects the choices designers make to achieve
this goal and whether they can claim success. The ZEB definition can emphasize demand-side or
supply strategies and whether fuel switching and conversion accounting are appropriate to meet a
ZEB goal. Four well-documented definitions—net-zero site energy, net-zero source energy, net-
zero energy costs, and net-zero energy emissions—are studied; pluses and minuses of each are
discussed. These definitions are applied to a set of low-energy buildings for which extensive
energy data are available. This study shows the design impacts of the definition used for ZEB
and the large difference between definitions. It also looks at sample utility rate structures and
their impact on the zero energy scenarios.[10]

CHAPTER 3
PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Building is a structure which consist of walls doors windows roof floor beams column
staircase and many of the structural and non-structural members used for residence commercial
industrial and educational purpose.
3.1 Types of Buildings
• Agricultural buildings
• Educational buildings
• Industrial building
• Commercial building
• Military building
• Parking structure and storage
• Religious building
• Transport building
Among this types of buildings industries commercial complexes schools college’s
hospitals auditoriums are public buildings. "The term 'public building' means any structure,
including exterior parts of such building, such as a porch, exterior platform or steps providing
means of ingress or egress, used in whole or in part as a place of resort, assemblage, lodging,
trade, traffic, occupancy, or use by the public or by 3 or more tenants."
3.2 Site selection criteria of Public Buildings
 Grouping: Buildings whose functions are related with each other that should located on
same site.
 Foreground: Building should have sufficient foreground for achieving better result.
 Parking space: The various PB such as town hall, hospitals have lot of crowding of
peoples due to which it is necessary study parking space around site for construction.
3.3 Classification of public buildings

 Dependent buildings: These buildings are those whose function are related to each other
such as civic centers art gallery.
 Independent buildings: These are the buildings which have to stand alone such as
monumental buildings.
 Institutional buildings: Specially consist of school colleges etc.
3.4Principles of Design of Public Buildings
 Adequate sites
 Approaches
 Comprehensive study
 Business buildings
 Markets
 Shops
 Fire stations
3.5 Basic parts of public buildings
 Sanitary blocks
 Circulation
 Entrance or Reception
 Parking space, garages & cycle stands
 Watchmen’s room
 Public telephone
Sanitary block:
The sanitary block includes W.C, wash hand basins, urinals. The number required for each
building varies according to requirements. Such as,
Bathroom 1.2m*2.1m
1.5m*2.4m
WC 0.9m*1.2m
1m*1.2m

Urinals 0.9m*0.75m
Passage 0.9-1.5m wide
Circulation: Various units are joined together horizontally by passages, corridors, verandahs.
Passage/corridor: 1-2.5m Verandahs: 1.8-3.5m wide stair: 1.2m width
Lifts: Lifts are provided for quick and efficient vertical circulation. Types of lifts and no. of lift
depends upon the character of one building.
Entrance & Reception: For every PB some space is required for entrance it depends on no. of
persons entering at one time general sizes are 3m*6m, 3.5m*7m, 4m*5m and 8m*10m.
Parking space, Garages & Cycle stands: Open parking space is essential around any type of
building. The area required will depend upon the nature of building & no. of persons visiting the
building. For cars 20sqm/vehicle, motorcycles 3sqm/vehicle, cycles 1.2sqm/cycle area is
required.

CHAPTER 4
PLANNING OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Never in the history of man, planning has been so much in forefront as it is today.
Without planning nothing succeeds. So we have defense planning at national level, regional
planning, urban and rural planning at the state level so on and so forth to family planning at
domestic level. Our india has so far already implemented its eleventh five year plan for the
development of country in all fields. Planning means pre-thing and pre-arranging things before
an event takes place so as to achieve good results in health, convenience, comfort and happiness
of all livings beings.
We know that schools, colleges ,banks, markets, library, hostels are the public buildings
so let us discuss the planning of these buildings respectively.
4.1 School
School is a place of learning. The national objective of education is to create conductive
environment in school where children are stimulated to go in search of knowledge and develop
their creative abilities. To achieve this, all concerned with education, have to play their
respective roles effectively. The classroom environment has a direct bearing on the development
of personality of children. Its shape, size, flexibility, intensity, ventilation and adaptability to new
teaching aids do influence pupils comprehension irrespective of the teacher’s ability. Therefore
proper planning of school building plays a vital role in imparting meaningful education and in
creating ideal teaching environment.
4.1.1 Site Selection
The school site is the first and foremost educational tool in providing quiet, healthy
and pleasant environment. Its size depends upon the requirement for different activities. The
school site be adequate enough to meet the future needs of the school, i.e., healthy facilities,
physical education requirements, community, cultural and recreational programs, teachers houses
with scope for future expansion. Recommended size of the sites for different education programs
are presented in table 1. Minimum open spaces around the school buildings except for nursery
level shall not be less than 6m wide according to NBC 2005.

Fig. 4.1: School Building
Table No. 4.1: Recommended Sizes of the Sites
No. Type of school Area in hectares
1
2
3
4
Rural primary school
Single teacher school up to 60 pupils
Two teachers school up to 100 pupils
Five teachers school up to 200 pupils
Community school complex
0.1to 0.12
0.2 to 0.30
0.5 to 0.60
6
1
2
3
Urban primary school
Residential density
500 persons/hectare
Residential density
250 to 375 person/hectare
Higher secondary school
0.2/200 pupils
0.4/400 pupils
0.5/600 pupils
0.4/200 pupils
0.7/400 pupils
0.9/600 pupils
2/840 pupils

The following essential conditions are to be satisfied for the site selection of any school:
1. The surroundings must be quiet, calm, peaceful, gleeful and cheerful with adequate
natural breeze and sunlight.
2. It should be away from dust and busy traffic and from ghastly as those of cemeteries and
slaughter houses.
3. The site should be gently sloping and well drained.
4. The site should be at a minimum distance of 300 m from continuous source of sound as a
workshop if no obstruction exists in between.
4.1.2 Principles of planning
1. Built in area of a school should not exceed 25% of the site area. The remaining 75% of land is
to be used for sports fields and gardens.
2. It should be single storeyed, double storeyed and rarely storeyed.
3. Minimum plinth height of any building should be 750 mm.
4.1.3Components of school
The school building mainly comprises of
(i) Class rooms
(ii) Laboratories, drawing halls, library, auditorium, gymnasium
(iii) Administrative area, staff rooms
(iv) Play fields, assembly
4.1.4 Design of a class room
With the rapid advancement in teaching technics, education in primary schools and
secondary schools is being reoriented to meet the ever growing needs of the day. In recent years
education policy emphasizes to educate children through activities related to life. A class room
should not be a mere enclosure of space but should meet the diverse needs of multifarious
activities of the students.
To arrive at a suitable size and shape of class room, the following factors should be taken into
consideration:
1. Basic dimensions of children and their space requirement.
2. Arrangement of furniture and equipment.

3. Number of students to be accommodated.
4. Type of activities to be carried out.
5. Diverse seating arrangements essential for these activities.
6. Comfortable angle of vision of the black board from any position in the class room.
The class room is to be designed at the rate of 0.9sq m per pupil of primary schools, 1.11sq m
per pupil of middle schools and the rate of 1.2sq m to 1.5sq m per pupil of secondary schools.
The width of a class room may be restricted to 6m for effective teaching. The length of a class
room should not be more than 9m. A minimum class room size of 6.1m*7.3m is recommended
for primary school, with furniture and 6.8m*7.3m for middle and higher secondary schools with
furniture.
4.1.5 Assembly or multipurpose room:
The purpose of this hall is for multifarious activities as:
1. For morning prayer
2. Indoor games
3. Drawing hall
4. Auditorium
5. Drawing hall
Fig. 4.2 Educational buildings at baramati

It should have a minimum length of 20 m and minimum width of 9 m excluding the stage
and green room with toilet.
A minimum head room of 6 m is required. Longitudinal slope may be provided. Balconies
are not desirable. Stage floor is to be kept 1.1 m above the floor level of the first row of seats.
Depth of the stage is 2.1 m to 2.4 m if only to be used for lectures. It should be a minimum of 6
m when used for dances and dramas.
4.2 Hospital:
Hospital is place where people are treated for various diseases and also given advices
for healthy living. Human health and environmental hygiene are the two vital prerequisites for
the growth of strong and prosperous nation. While planning health buildings, factors as
psychology of patients, lighting, ventilation and acoustics, orientation and thermal comfort,
aesthetics and color scheme; circulation, entry and exit traffic flow control play a vital role. The
buildings for health may be classified as clinics, health centers, maternity homes, nursing
homes, general hospitals, super specialty hospitals etc. A dispensary is a small health center
where medicines are prescribed and given to the patients. A clinic is place for medical
examination and treatment. Private doctors have their own clinics. Primary health centers also
run by government. These are suitable for population of 800 to 1000.
4.2.1 Site selection for hospital:
1. General should be located centrally in a quiet place which is well connected by
convenient means of transport.
2. The infectious diseases like T.B. hospitals are located away from the city with
convenient means for transport. Generally these are established at a place, of healthy
atmosphere, like a hill station.
The size of a site for a hospital should be large enough to permit open planning which is essential
in tropical countries.
4.2.2 Planning: Hospitals essentially are divided into two main units:
1. Out-patient care
2. In-patient care

Further essential units are diagonals and treatment, administration, education and research. It is
desirable to design the hospital with horizontal spread type of two or three stories. The vertical
spread type of layout in the form of multi-storeyed buildings is really adopted except in big cities
in big cities where land cost is very high.
(i) Out-patient department
Out-patient department (OPD) provides consultation, investigation, diagnosis and treatment
for patients who require little or no recovery services and not admitted into the wards. It consists
of a spacious waiting hall, consulting rooms, dispensary, emergency section, office, stores and
sanitary units. Consulting rooms for medicine, surgical, E.N.T., Dentistry, Gynecology,
Pediatrics, Orthopedic, Psychiatrics, Family planning, Skin, Venereal diseases, Urology and
Radiology are required. Ophthalmic room requires a minimum length of 6.3 m for eye testing
and hence, a length of 7 m is required for it. The floor area of each consultant is 10 sq. m. to 12
sq. m. Its entrance is designed to suit the disabled in wheel chair. The waiting hall space is
provided at the rate of 1.4 sq. m. per patient and is a minimum of 36 sq. m. The area for
emergency section and dispensary are 10 sq. m. to 15 sq. m. and 20 sq. m. to 30 sq. m
respectively.
(ii) In-patient department (IPD)
It consists of all facilities required for treatment of patients admitted into wards. These
are wards, operating theaters, radiology department, pathology department, psychiatric
department, accident and emergency department, intensive care unit, pathology laboratory, post
modem rooms and mortuary.
4.2.3 Wards:
These are the specious halls in which patients are admitted by the advise of the doctors.
The following measures should be kept in mind while planning and design of wards.
1. Area of ward per bed is 8 to 10sq m. Number of beds to be provided per ward is 24to 30.
2. Maximum distance from bed to wc is 12 m and from working room of nurse to the farthest
bed is 20m.
3. Noise level should not be more than 40dB to 45dB during the day an35 to 40dB at night
times.
4. Circulation area is 25% to 40% of floor area and depends on ward layout.

5. Operation theatres: The size and equipment of operating theatres varies according to the
requirements of each hospital. It should have easy access from surgical and ophthalmic
wards. Area is generally 20sq m to 30sq m. Operating theatres have single corridor or
double corridor which are used for patients, and equipment. The width of corridor for
patient trolleys is 3m to 4m and other corridor is 1.5m.
6. Sanitary units: Sanitary unit should be provided on the scale recommended by the building
bye laws. According to NBC 2005, the following sanitary units to be provided for indoor
and outdoor patient wards.
Table no 4.2:Sanitary and Water fittings for Hospitals
Unit For males and females
Water-closet
Ablution taps
Wash basins
Bedpan washing sinks
Cleaners sinks
Kitchen sinks and dish washers
1 for every 8 beds or pats thereof
1 in each water-closet
2 up to 30beds, add 1 for every additional
30 beds or parts thereof
1 for each ward
1 for each wards
1 for each wards
(a)

(b)
(c)
Figure 4.3 Hospital building at baramati

4.3 Cinema Building:
A cinema building is used for cinematographic exhibition. In India the number of cinema
buildings is quite inadequate to meet the needs of public also many existing cinema buildings do
not have minimum basic requirements such as ventilation, clear audibility, fire safety, sanitary
units, lighting, well d’esigned exists etc.
4.3.1 Site selection: The construction of cinema buildings is not allowed in residential areas and
streets of heavy traffic because these create problems to the public and also to the local
authorities. The following points should be kept in mind while selecting site for a cinema
building.
1. Site is easily accessible from all locations and approachable by local transport.
2. The area of the site should be sufficient to locate cinema building, drive ways, water
fountain, garden, car-parks and cycle stand. It should be a minimum of 0.2 to 0.4
hectares.
3. It should be at a minimum distance of 185 m from schools, hospitals and places of
worship.
According to building bye-laws, the minimum size of plot for cinema buildings used for
public entertainment with fixed seats shall be on the basis of the number of seats at the rate of
3sq m per seat. Open space at front shall not be less than 6m wide.
The cinema building may be divided into three parts:
1. Reception: Entrance, booking hall, office etc.
2. Auditorium
3. Stage
4.3.2Auditorium:
Auditorium is an enclosure where people can assemble for watching a picture projected on a
screen through exhibition of cinematographic films. The size of the auditorium is decided by the
number of seats to be accommodated. The rates of tickets are different for different positions of
chair increases from the screen. The volume of auditorium is decided on the basis of the sound
that is generated in it. It is observed that auditoriums designed with the capacity of 3.50 m cube
to 4.20 m cube per person gives better acoustical performance. Floor area should be a minimum

of 0.6sq m to 0.9sq m per person. This includes the area of aisle, gangways, stage etc. For
cinema auditorium, ratio of height to width to length is taken as 1:2:3.
4.3.3 Screen system:
Cinema screen in past was fitted into adapted theatre. Now a days increased picture size
determines interior design. Traditional cinemas had small picture. The width of screen for it is
7.5m whereas 3 projector original cinema system has 30.5m screen. This surpassed by new
single projector IMAX system with 70mm film used horizontally to enlarge frame size and
provide 36m picture, seating being placed close, screen preventing whole picture being seen
without both vertical and horizontal movement of head. The bottom of the screen above the floor
at the first row of seat is 2m.The screen and rows of seat are to be arranged such that the
horizontal vision is not greater than 12degree. The rear most row of seats should be at a
minimum horizontal distance of two times the width of the screen from the screen.
4.3.4 Projection room:
The projection room should be large enough to enable the operator to work freely at the film
projection and any other equipment. The projection room consist of two 35mm projectors, a
lantern for commercial and cinema advertisements and a record player. The line of projection
should not make an angle of less than 80 degrees with screen. In projection room, considerable
heat is generated by the arc-lamps of the projectors and hence, it should possess excessive
ventilation. Separate room should be provided for rewinding the films. Usually a minimum of 16
to 20 sq m area is considered sufficient for a projection room.
Fig. 4.4 Auditorium at baramati

4.3.5 Sanitary units:
According to NBC 2005 the following sanitary units should be provided for male and
female in cinema theatre see table no 4.
Table no 4.3:Sanitary and Water fittings
No. Fitment Male Female
1
2
3
4
5
Water closet
Ablution taps
Urinals
Wash basins
Drinking water taps
1 per 100 persons up to 400
persons
1 in each water closet
1 for 250 persons
1 for 200 persons
1 per 100 person
3 per 100 persons up to
200 persons
-
1 for every 200 persons
1 per 100 person
4.4 A Hostel:
A hostel is a building providing residential accommodation with or without food facility
for a selected group of people such as:
1. Students
2. Unmarried employees
3. Tourists
Students hostels are attached to the concerned school or college and are run by the
respective managements.
Students of kindergarten level of an elementary school to research scholars of an
university are to be provided with both residential accommodation and food facility in the hostel.
4.4.1 Site selection:
1. Site should be neat pleasant less noisy
2. The site should be pollution free

3. Post telephone fax facilities should be available at the sit
4. Walking distance between the hostel and school or college should never exceed
five to seven minutes.
4.4.2 Main components
1. Main Entrance Hall: It is a spacious area incorporating General notice board, Notice board
containing the particulars of inmates
2. Warden office: Warden may be provided with separate residential accommodation close to
the hostel. Separate hostel office building may be provided in case of bigger hostel complex. But
in some cases as an isolated hostel building separate rooms for residential warden of floor area
not less than 20sq m , committee room of floor area not less than 30sq m. house keeper of floor
area not less than 10sq m are provided .
3.Residential Area: In a students hostel accommodation is to be provided for 210 days to 230
days in a year. The accommodation can be
1. Single seater rooms 10sq m to 15sq m
2. Double seater rooms 15sq m to 20sq m
3. Three seater rooms 20sq m to 25sq m
4. Four seater 25sq m to 36sq m
4.Dining Hall: It is either incorporated along with the residential rooms or separately provided
such that it involves not more than five minutes walk from the residential block. Dining hall
should be so designed such that it can accommodate 33% to 50% of strength of the hostel at a
time.The design value is 1.2sq m per resident of the hostel. Single table of 6 seater tables are
provided with chairs. More than six per table may not be convenient for easy serving and
cleaning.
5.Kitchen: It should have a minimum area of 8sq m to 12sq m. It should be well ventilated and
provided with exhaust Fans to expel hot air and smoke. The windows and door shutters are to be
provided with fly proof meshes. It should be well illuminated both day and night. The floor
should be smooth, non-slippery, easily cleaned and non-absorbent. The walls should be easily get
cleaned as they easily get tarnished because of the smokes and fumes of the kitchen.

4.Sanitary units :According to NBC 2005 the following sanitary units should be provided for
males and females.
Table no. 4.4: Sanitary and Water Fittings
Units Males Females
Water Closet
Ablution taps
Urinals
-
Fig. 4.5 Hostel Building at baramati
4.5 An Office Building:
The office work primarily involves handling information and making decisions based
upon information. This definition hides enormous variations in size of office organizations,
office technology and styles of management. Its range includes multi nationals which employ
thousands of people in only one of many buildings to a one man enterprises. Much of office
work is secondary but office also includes space for machinery, canteen, meetings, filling,
libraries and other ancilliary activities which may take up around 1/3 of space required by the

organization. The interfacing of various units of office and accommodation requirements are
given bellow.
4.5.1 Entrance: The size type and location of the entrance is dependent on whether the whole
building is to be occupied by one office, number of firms or whether the lower floors are
accommodating shops and stores and the upper floors are allotted for the office. For security
point of view in office building there is one entrance of 2m to 4m is provided.
4.5.2 Corridors:The main circulation corridors should be sufficient width and not less than 1.8m
and not more than 3m wide. A central corridor with rooms on either side is very economical.
Though, the central corridor system is economical, office rooms from sun, wind and rain. The
corridors should be well ventilated and lighted by natural or artificial means.
4.5.3Storage: Filling cabinets are still predominant method of storing office papers, but many
other possibilities exist including suspended and lateral filling, which can be considerably more
efficient in space use. Microfilm can be used to reduce bulk of paper held in offices, but it may
not always be acceptable substitute because of complexity, cost, legal requirements to preserve
original copy.
4.5.4Sanitary units:Sanitary blocks should be provided on every floor separately for either male
or female. For offices either w.c. toilets are attached to their rooms or placed in a separate room.
Sanitary units should be provided on the scale recommended by the building bye laws.
According to NBC2005 the following units should be provided for male and female.
Fig. 4.6 Office building

Table no. 4.5:Sanitary and Water Fittings
Units For male For Female
w.c.
Urinals
Wash basins
1 for every 25
1 for 7to 20, 2for 21to 45
1 for every 15
-
Same
4.6 A Bank
Banks are of three categories: Savings banks, Commercial banks and Agricultural banks.
The savings banks in addition to savings account transaction, may provide its clients with lockers
in the safe deposits vault. Commercial banks in addition to saving accounts, cash credits,
collecting bills and cheque against receipts , shall be having transactions as advancing loan
against mortgages of the goods kept in the custody of the banks. Agricultural banks additional to
saving account transaction, shall be having loan sanction for agricultural development. The
operations of each are differentiated by law, but all are primarily depositaries of the peoples
money reinvested by the bank in the form of loans or by the purchase of government or private
companies bonds.
The banking space includes all areas common to the public and bank officials and
employees.
4.6.1 Selection of Sites The selection of a site for a bank depends of business. Saving banks are
generally located in residential suburban and rural areas. Commercial banks are located in a
business locality, where commercial forms conduct their business and carry on trade
4.6.2Functional units
 Banking: The activity of banking needs areas for public space, working spaces for tellers
counter and officers platform. The size of public space will be decided by the volume of bank
business and the span of working hours. The public lounges may be provided with
accompanying toilet facilities for convenience of the customer. Writing desk of at least 600mm
width and 450mm depth per person are to be provided. The basis for provision for working space

and public space may be adopted as 5sq m to 6.5sq m per counter window. The length of counter
is about 1.2m to 1.5m per clerk and height from the floor is usually kept at 1.6m to 1.8m. Width
of the cabinet or depth of the counter may be varying from 450 mm to 900 mm depending upon
the requirement. The space below the counters can be used for drawers or cabinets for keeping
ledgers, pass-books, signature cards etc. The width of the working space leaving 450 mm for
chair varies from 1.2 m to 3 m according to the requirement.
The officer’s platform is set apart from the public space by a minimum barrier of some
sort, such as change in level, of different floor material or covering, low rails, low partitions etc.
It should be near main entrance where officers can see the incoming customers. Senior officers
are placed in more remote parts of the platform for greater privacy. And area of 9.25 sq. m. to 11
sq. m. per officer is generally provided.
Various spacing standards for planning a new bank building are given below:
1. Entrance and moving space- 2m wide
2. Counter height- 1.6 m to 1.8 m
Counter width- 0.4 m to 0.8 m
3. Working space behind the counter- 3 m wide
4. Managers room- 10 m2
to 15 m2
5. Meeting hall- 20 m2
to 40 m2
6. Working space per clerk- 8 m2
to 10 m2

CHAPTER 5
FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY
Fire Prevention Classification of Building Based on Occupancy
All buildings, whether existing or hereafter erected shall be classified according to the use
or the character of occupancy in one of the following groups:
Group A Residential
Group B Educational
Group C Institutional
Group D Assembly
Group E Business
Group F Mercantile
Group G Industrial
Group H Storage
Group J Hazardous
Group E Business Buildings
These shall include any building or part of a building which is used for transaction of business
(other than that covered by Group F and part of buildings covered for keeping of accounts and
records and similar purposes, professional establishments, service facilities, etc. City halls, town
halls, court houses and libraries shall be classified in this group so far as the principal function of
these is transaction of public business and keeping of books and records. Business buildings shall
be further sub-divided as follows:
E-1 Offices, banks, professional establishments, like offices of architects, engineers,
doctors, lawyers and police stations.
5.1 Fire Zones
The fire zones shall be made use of in land use development plan and shall be designated
as follows:

a) Fire Zone No. 1 — This shall comprise areas having residential (Group A), educational
(Group B), institutional (Group C), and assembly (Group D), small business (Subdivisions E-1 )
and retail mercantile (Group F) buildings, or mess which are under development such
occupancies.
5.2Restrictions on the Type of Construction for New Buildings
Buildings erected in Fire Zone No. 1 shall conform to construction of Type 1, 2, 3 or 4.
5.3 Openings in Separating Walls and Floors
At the time of designing openings in separating walls and floors, particular attention shall
be paid to all such factors as will limit fire spread through these openings and maintain fire rating
of the structural member. For Types 1 to 3 construction, a doorway or opening in a separating
wall on any floor shall be limited to 5.6 m2 in area with a maximum height /width of 2.75 m.
Every wall opening shall be protected with fire-resisting doors having the fire rating of not less
than 2 hr. All openings in the floors shall be protected by vertical enclosures extending above
and below such openings, the walls of such enclosures having a fire resistance of not less than 2
h. Openings in walls or floors which are necessary to be provided to allow passages of all
building services like cables, electrical wirings, telephone cables, plumbing pipes, etc, shall be
protected by enclosure in the form of ducts/shafts having a fire resistance not less than 2 h.
5.4 Vertical Opening
Every vertical opening between the floors of a building shall be suitably enclosed or
protected, as necessary, to provide the following:
a) Reasonable safety to the occupants while using the means of egress by preventing spread of
fire, smoke, or fumes through vertical openings from floor to floor to allow occupants to
complete their use of the means provide a clear height of 2 100 mm in the passage/escape path of
the occupants.
5.5 Fire Stop or Enclosure of Openings
Where openings are permitted, they shall not exceed three-fourths the area of the wall in
the case of an external wall and they shall be protected with fire resisting assemblies or
enclosures having a fire resistance equal to that of the wall or floor in which these are situated.

5.6 Air-conditioning and Ventilation
Air-conditioning and ventilating systems shall be so installed and maintained as to
minimize the danger of spread of fire, smoke or fumes from one floor to other or from outside to
any occupied building Air-conditioning and ventilating systems circulating air to more than one
floor or fire area shall be provided with dampers designed to close automatically in case of fire.
5.7 Arrangement of Exits
Exits shall be so located that the travel, distance on the floor shall not exceed the
distancen given in Table. The travel distance to an exit from the dead end of a corridor shall not
exceed half the distance specified
Travel Distance for Occupancy and
Type of Construction
(Clauses 4.4.1,4.5.1 and 4.5.2)
S1 Group of Occupancy
Maximum Travel Distance
i) Mercantile 30m
All buildings, which are 15 m in height or above, and all buildings with any of the occupancies,
having area more than 500 sq.m. on each floor shall have a minimum of two staircases. They
shall be of enclosed type; at least one of them shall be on external walls of buildings and shall
open directly to the exterior, interior open space or to an open place of safety.
Internal Staircases
Office Building Shall Have Staircase Width 1.5 M
The exit sign with arrow indicating the way to the escape route shall be provided at a suitable
height from the floor level on the wall and shall be illuminated by electric light connected to
corridor circuits.

Horizontal Exits
The width of horizontal exit shall be same as for the exit doorways. A horizontal exit shall be
equipped with at least one fire/smoke door of minimum 1 h fire resistance, of self-closing type.
Further, it is required to have direct connectivity to the fire escape staircase for evacuation.
Refuge Area
For buildings more than 24 m in height, refuge area of 15 SQ.M. or an area equivalent to 0.3
SQ.M.per person to accommodate the occupants of two consecutive floors, whichever is higher,
shall be provided as under:
The refuge area shall be provided on the periphery of the floor or preferably on a cantilever
projection and open to air at least on one side protected with suitable railings.
floors above 24 m and Up to 39 m —
One refuge area on the floor immediately above 24m.
For floors above 39 m —
One refuge area on the floor immediately above 39 m and so on after every 15 m. Refuge area
provided in excess of the requirements shall be counted towards FAR.
Fire Lifts
Where applicable, fire lifts shall be provided with a minimum capacity for 8 passengers and fully
automated with emergency switch on ground level. In general, buildings 15 m in height or above
shall be provided with fire lifts.
Fire Detection and Warning
In buildings of such size, arrangement or occupancy where a fire may not itself provide adequate
warning to occupants, automatic fire detection and alarm facilities shall be provided, where
necessity, to warn occupants early of the existence of fire, so that they may escape, and to
facilitate the orderly conduct of fire exit drills.

Fire Protection
Fire Extinguishers/Fixed Fire Fighting Installations
All buildings depending upon the occupancy use and height shall be protected by fire
extinguishers, wet riser, down-comer, automatic sprinkler installation, high/medium velocity
water spray, foam, gaseous or dry powder system in accordance with the provisions.

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSIONS
Planning is very important part while the construction of any building. The public
buildings are so planned such that environment is ideally for learning, teaching and working
together. The principles of planning are aspect, prospect, roominess, grouping, furniture, air
conditioning, etc. While planning of any building it is necessary to consider the part of safety
because there is the crowding of very large peoples inside or outside the building. Public
building is also crowded by peoples so it is necessary to study part of safety while planning.

REFERENCES
1. National building code 2005.
2. Development control rules.
3. Building, planning and drawing, Charotar publications by Dr. N. Kumara Swami and A.
Kameshwara Rao
4. Town and country planning by Rangawala
5. Handbook of planning of office building by central public work department.
6. https://urban.maharashtra.gov.in/
7. http://moud.gov.in/
8. Journal of proff. Anne Taylor new Mexico on Design of school building
9. Published by the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility 2013
ISBN: 978-1-921609-75-6 NCCARF Publication 05/13.
10. Conference Paper NREL/CP-550-39833 June 2006 of Net zero energy building

Study of Planning of Public Buildings

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