This document provides a 50 question multiple choice exam on chapters 5 and 6 of an Introduction to Psychology course. It covers topics related to classical and operant conditioning, as well as memory. Students are instructed to print their own exam, complete it at home or in class by 12:00PM using their notes and book, and bring their scantron and a printed copy of the test to class the next day to check their answers and see their score.
This slideshow was created with images from the web. I claim no copyright or ownership of any images. If a copyright owner of any image objects to the use in this slideshow, contact me to remove it. This is for a course in Introductory Psychology using Wayne Weiten's "Psychology: Themes and Variations" 8th ed. Published by Cengage. Images from the text are copyrighted by Cengage.
In this presentation, we will talk in details about leadership as an imperceptible quality for an effective business, seven habits of highly effective people and seven tools on management and planning, models for TQM leadership, strategic quality management and steps creating TQM culture.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
This slideshow was created with images from the web. I claim no copyright or ownership of any images. If a copyright owner of any image objects to the use in this slideshow, contact me to remove it. This is for a course in Introductory Psychology using Wayne Weiten's "Psychology: Themes and Variations" 8th ed. Published by Cengage. Images from the text are copyrighted by Cengage.
In this presentation, we will talk in details about leadership as an imperceptible quality for an effective business, seven habits of highly effective people and seven tools on management and planning, models for TQM leadership, strategic quality management and steps creating TQM culture.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
FINAL EXAMNote It is recommended that you save your response as.docxssuser454af01
FINAL EXAM
Note: It is recommended that you save your response as you complete each question.
Question 1 (1 point)
Your textbook defines psychology as which of the following?
Question 1 options:
a)
The science of behavior
b)
The study of mental processes
c)
The study of mental disorders and their treatment
d)
The science of mind and behavior
Question 2 (1 point)
One morning, Alan wakes to the news that a powerful earthquake occurred in California. “I told you the big one would hit this year!” he exclaims. Alan appears subject to the _____ bias.
Question 2 options:
a)
cognitive
b)
hindsight
c)
predictive
d)
foresight
Question 3 (1 point)
Dr. Harris is describing the assumptions, rules, and procedures that psychologists use to gather observations. Dr. Harris is outlining the _____ method.
Question 3 options:
a)
deductive
b)
psychological
c)
rational
d)
scientific
Question 4 (1 point)
Andrea is reading a general, comprehensive explanation of the causes of human aggression in the introduction to a research report in psychology. Andrea is reading a(n):
Question 4 options:
a)
theory
b)
hypothesis
c)
operational definition
d)
explanation
Question 5 (1 point)
A hypothesis is best defined as a(n):
Question 5 options:
a)
specific prediction concerning the relationship between variables
b)
specification of a variable in terms of the procedures that will be used to measure it
c)
broad, general explanation of the phenomenon of interest
d)
behavior, event, or other characteristic that can assume different values
Question 6 (1 point)
Which of the following researchers is conducting a case study?
Question 6 options:
a)
Dr. Henriette, who is measuring how fast a group of students can respond to a stimulus.
b)
Dr. Innis, who is examining the tactile perception of a blind woman
c)
Dr. Jenner, who is observing children on a playground
d)
Dr. Kulik, who is combing through newspaper stories on serial killers
Question 7 (1 point)
The number of violent TV shows that a child watches is positively correlated with the aggressiveness of the child’s play. Why might this be?
Question 7 options:
a)
Viewing violent TV causes aggressive behavior
b)
Aggressive behavior causes viewing violent TV
c)
There is a third common-causal variable that creates the correlation
d)
A, B, or C may be correct but the correlation cannot tell us which one is correct
Question 8 (1 point)
Which of the following is the goal of experimental research?
Question 8 options:
a)
To assess the validity of a measurement
b)
To assess the relationships among variables
c)
To assess the current state of affairs
d)
To assess the causal influence of one or more manipulations
Question 9 (1 point)
Psychologists use the term __________ to refer to the pattern of enduring characteristics that lend stability and consistency to an individual's behavior and serve to differentiate one individual from another.
Qu ...
Child Development IProfessor McKayMidterm ExamMarch 19.docxchristinemaritza
Child Development I
Professor McKay
Midterm Exam
March 19, 2018
Name______________________________
1. If researchers want to keep the attention of 8 week old infants, they would use these colors:
a. blue and green
b. yellow and blue
c. green and red
d. green and yellow
2. In the Still Face Experiment, the baby reacts with despair because
a. She has lost her ability to read her mother’s mood
b. She has lost her ability to socially engage her mother
c. She has lost her ability to regain her mother’s engagement
d. All of these
3. A mother goes to the pediatrician, and she asks at what age the infant began to crawl. The mother answers “Seven months.” This is called
a.
Normative development
b. Individual development
c.
Behavioral Organization
d. Evolution
4. This researcher claimed that an unavailable mother could cause a non-integrated personality in her infant
a. Freud
b. Horney
c. Bandura
5. Erikson theorized a Stage Development theory, but unlike Freud’s psycho-sexual stages, it is
a.
psychoanalytical
b. information processing
c. psychosocial
6. If a 25-year-old person cannot find a relationship partner with similar interests and experiences constant breakups, Erikson would claim that she had not moved elegantly through this prior stage:
a.
Intimacy v. Isolation
b. Initiative v. Guilt
c.
Phallic
d. Identity v. Role Confusion
7. If you have a question about whether a newborn knows his mother’s voice, and you wish to do research on this topic, you frame a statement, “Newborns recognize their mothers’ voices at two days old.” This statement is your
a.
Research question
b. Hypothesis
c. Lab experiment
8. A research design where experimenters control the situation in a closed environment and manipulate a variable to rule out other influences is a
a.
Natural observation
b. Lab experiment
c. Interview
9. The pregnant mother feels her best during this trimester
a. first
b. second
c. third
10. A problem with controlled experiments is
a. No one knows if it will also pertain to situations in the natural environment.
b. The experimenter has to pay his/her subjects.
c. The experimenter must find random subjects.
d. The experimenter must train his/her confederate subjects.
11. An 8-year old child explains that a playground fight she observed could have been avoided if the two children involved had first “talked things out.” This is an example of
a.
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage
b. Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage
c.
Sociocultural Theory
d. Proximal Development
12. The theory that explains thought processes by comparing them to a computer is
a.
Sociocultural Theory
b. Piaget’s Formal Operational Theory
c.
Information-Processing Theory
d. Psychoanalytical Theory
13. A ten year old child is taught Algebra by his father who is a math professor, and is placed in a math enrichment class. The difference between the child’s math ability in the average class (prior ...
1. With respect to the fundamental attribution error, it turns out t.docxelliotkimberlee
1. With respect to the fundamental attribution error, it turns out that in other cultures, like those of Asia,
there's a/an _______ orientation to others that emphasizes interdependence.
A. individualistic
B. philosophical
C. collectivist
D. intrapersonal
2. The more people there are at the scene of an accident, the less likely it is that individuals will step up to
lend a hand. This phenomenon is referred to as
A. diffusion of interest.
B. antisocial behavior.
C. diffusion of responsibility.
D. crowd apathy.
3. According to your text, whether you're persuaded by a message will primarily depend on which factor?
A. Your characteristics, including your personality and intelligence
B. Your perception or understanding of the recipient of the message
C. Whether you receive the message while at work or at home
D. The nature of the message as it relates to your temperament
4. In the "teacher-learner" experiments conducted by Stanley Milgram, ______ percent of the experimental
subjects eventually applied the "lethal" 450-volt shock to the "learner."
A. 35
B. 15
C. 2
D. 65
5. As discussed in your textbook, the Implicit Association Test (IAT)
A. requires subjects to react to a series of black and white faces.
B. is based on a culture-free questionnaire.
C. has revealed that most people aren't prejudiced.
D. requires people to openly express and reveal their latent prejudices.6. Jason and Julia are preparing for a quiz in Psychology 101. Jason recites four reasons for seeking out a
social support network. Julia, who has top grades in the class, gives her nod of approval to all but one of
Jason's list. Which one is she most likely to reject?
A. Group members can help a participant with practical things like finding a new job.
B. Being a member of a social support network can help reduce a person's stress levels.
C. Being in a social support network helps a person learn how to win arguments.
D. Support group membership can help a participant feel valued by others.
7. Mandy has decided that she has no control over the aversive stimuli she encounters at work and at home
day by day. Thus, she has given up trying to make her life better. Psychologists would say Mandy's
worldview illustrates
A. emotion-focused coping.
B. problem-focused coping.
C. learned avoidant coping.
D. learned helplessness.
8. A popular talk show host, jovial and sharp-witted as usual, outlines his views on the death penalty,
taking time to consider both sides of the issue. As a long-time listener to that talk show, if you're swayed to
adopt the talk-show host's point of view, it will probably be due to
A. your temperament and character.
B. the character of the message.
C. your tendency to employ peripheral route processing.
D. the medium of the message (radio).
9. Four steps are involved in a person's decision to offer assistance in an emergency situation. The third
step is
A. deciding how to help.
B. appraisal of one's skills and experience in dealing with emergencies.
C. interpreting .
1.Drugs could directly affect synaptic transmission by altering .docxfredellsberry
1. Drugs could directly affect synaptic transmission by altering:
(a) graded potential amplitude
(b) neurotransmitter binding
(c) temporal summation
(d) all of the above
2. A study described in class showed that “larks” and “owls” could be distinguished on the basis of their:
(a) DNA
(b) SCN oscillations in cultured cells
(c) free-running circadian activity cycle length in cultured cells
(d) skin conductance in cultured cells
3. In eight hours of sleep we would expect most people to cycle from REM to slow wave sleep approximately every?
(a) hour
(b) two hours
(c) hour and a half
(d) two and a half hours
4. The Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) drugs:
(a) are antagonists at the serotonin receptor
(b) inhibit serotonin reuptake into the presynaptic cell
(c) decrease the level of serotonin available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor
(d) all of the above
5. Peterson and Peterson (1959) showed that:
(a) maintenance rehearsal is necessary for LTM formation
(b) STM capacity is 7 + 2 items
(c) memory for a paragraph is better if the reader has a conceptual framework
(d) preventing rehearsal produces rapid forgetting
6. The primacy effect is believed to reflect recall of information from:
(a) intermediate memory
(b) the phonological loop
(c) STM
(d) LTM
7. Vivid dreams are most likely to coincide with:
(a) slow eye movements
(b) synchronous EEG
(c) increase in muscle tone
(d) none of the above
8. The patient H.M. had:
(a) a medial temporal lobectomy
(b) anterograde amnesia
(c) intact skill learning
(d) all the above
9. The form of rehearsal that is most likely to allow transfer of information into LTM is known as:
(a) maintenance rehearsal
(b) semantic rehearsal
(c) elaborative rehearsal
(d) deep rehearsal
10. Integration of information within a neuron depends on:
(a) temporal summation
(b) graded potentials
(c) spatial summation
(d) all of the above
11. Godden and Baddeley’s (1975) “diving” data would most likely be used to show that there are:
(a) context-dependent influences on memory
(b) primacy effects on memory performance
(c) semantic networks that underlie short-term memory
(d) recency effects in short-term memory
12. Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables to test memory because he thought that:
(a) subjects would be able to rehearse the items well
(b) interference would be reduced
(c) it would make the task harder
(d) a word like gof could have been recoded as “being like golf”
13. The psychological experience of brightness is most closely related to the physical dimension of:
(a) wavelength
(b) reflectance
(c) intensity
(d) amplitude
14. As you move down the ventral visual stream:
(a) the information that is processed changes from pattern vision to spatial vision
(b) neurons respond to more complex stimulus features
(c.
Question 1 of 402.5 PointsEllen and Mike are trying to decide .docxIRESH3
Question 1 of 40
2.5 Points
Ellen and Mike are trying to decide where to go for an anniversary dinner. Mike says to Ellen, “Okay, you can have anything you want. We can do Chinese, Italian, Thai, Mexican, or Spanish food. If you want sushi, that is fine, or we can go to an upscale steakhouse! I’m even fine if you want to go get a few fast-food burgers and then go for ice cream. So what will it be?” According to the concept of decision aversion, what is Ellen likely to choose?
A. Ellen is likely to get angry at Mike for not choosing dinner.
B. Ellen is likely to make no choice at all.
C. Ellen will choose the most expensive meal, since Mike gave her the option of choosing anything she wants.
D. Ellen will consider which meal she likes the best and choose a restaurant that will serve that meal.
Question 2 of 40
2.5 Points
__________ is a rare disorder that occasionally accompanies autism in which a person of below-average intelligence has an extraordinary ability.
A. Impulsive ability syndrome
B. Savant syndrome
C. Prodigy disorder
D. Schizoaffective disorder
Question 3 of 40
2.5 Points
The __________ state refers to a problem-solving condition in which a person has incomplete or unsatisfactory information.
A. initial
B. boggled
C. inadequate
D. misinformed
Question 4 of 40
2.5 Points
The __________ bias describes the effect that occurs when a person’s existing ways of thinking distort his or her logical decisions.
A. hindsight
B. representative
C. heuristic
D. belief
Question 5 of 40
2.5 Points
Have you ever been distracted while you were speaking and accidentally switched the sounds of two words? For example, a person might mean to say, “I’m going to get a turkey sandwich” and instead say, “I’m going to get a surkey tandwich.” This type of expressive inversion is called a __________.
A. phonemic reversal
B. syntactic switch
C. spoonerism
D. morphism
Question 6 of 40
2.5 Points
The term book knowledge most resembles __________ intelligence from the theory of Robert Sternberg.
A. analytic
B. emotional
C. practical
D. academic
Question 7 of 40
2.5 Points
Which of the following is one of the aspects of intelligence according to the theory of psychologist Robert Sternberg?
A. interpersonal intelligence
B. crystallized intelligence
C. intrapersonal intelligence
D. creative intelligence
Question 8 of 40
2.5 Points
The __________ fallacy is a phenomenon that causes people to believe that additional information increases the probability that a statement is true, even though that probability actually decreased.
A. hindsight
B. irrationality
C. conjunction
D. discursion
Question 9 of 40
2.5 Points
Going from broad to specific conclusions is called __________, while going from specific examples to broad conclusions is called __________ reasoning.
A. theoretical; analytical
B. deductive; inductive
C. analytical; theoretical
D. inductive; deductive
Ques ...
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. Psychology 1 - Introduction to Psychology
Exam - Chapters 5, 6
Summer 2009 (Dr. S. Lee)
Attention All : Please come to class tomorrow to turn in your scantron. If you
want to know how you did, bring a printed copy of the test so you can check your answers with the key. If
you do not complete the test at home you can take the exam in class. If you will be completing the test in
class you must be here at 10:40 AM to take the test. You have until 12:00PM to complete the test and can
use your notes and book. Also, you MUST PRINT OUT your own exam. None will be given to you
tomorrow. Best of luck!
Name: __________________________ Date: _____________
1. When she was a child, Sherrill ate a whole box of marshmallow candy bunnies at Easter and got very
sick. Today, just the sight of a package of these candies makes Sherrill nauseous. Sherrill's learning to
be sick at the sight of the package is an example of learning through ______.
A) reinforcement
B) punishment
C) reward
D) association
2. ______ is a form of learning in which a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus in
order to produce a conditioned response.
A) Operant conditioning
B) Observation and modeling
C) Classical conditioning
D) Intelligence
3. Maria notices that her cat comes running to the kitchen every time Maria uses the can opener. Maria's
cat has been classically conditioned, and the sound of the can opener is the ______.
A) UCS
B) CS
C) CR
D) UCR
4. All but which of the following are elements of classical conditioning?
A) The individual learning can determine whether the stimulus is presented or not.
B) A behavior is changed rather than learned.
C) The conditioned and unconditioned stimuli are associated closely in time.
D) The conditioned stimulus serves as a reliable signal for the occurrence of the unconditioned stimulus.
Page 1
2. 5. Classical conditioning : Respondent conditioning : :
A) Involuntary : reflexive
B) Nature : Nurture
C) Operant conditioning : Instrumental conditioning
D) Voluntary : reflexive
6. ______ is a type of learning in which the consequences of behavior lead to changes in the probability
of the behavior occurring again.
A) Classical conditioning
B) Creativity
C) Modeling
D) Operant conditioning
7. In operant conditioning, the term ______ is used to describe any behavioral consequence that leads to
an increase in the probability of the behavior occurring again.
A) negative reinforcement
B) punishment
C) delay of reinforcement
D) positive reinforcement
8. Children in Mrs. Lott's pre-K classroom earn a gold star every day that they hang their backpacks and
coats on the rack. Over the first three months of the school year, Mrs. Lott notices that all of the
children have become more consistent in hanging up their items. In this example, the increase in
children's tidiness is called the
A) conditioned response.
B) operant response.
C) positive reinforcer.
D) schedule of reinforcement.
9. Which of the following should increase learning?
A) stretching out the timing of reinforcement
B) regular delivery of reinforcement
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
10. All but which of the following are primary reinforcers?
A) water
B) sexual gratification
C) novel stimulation
D) praise
Page 2
3. 11. Regarding primary and secondary reinforcement, which of the following statements is false?
A) Secondary reinforcers are learned through classical conditioning.
B) Primary and secondary reinforcement are two types of negative reinforcement.
C) Primary reinforcers do not have to be acquired through learning.
D) Praise and applause are examples of secondary reinforcers.
12. Learned positive reinforcers are described as ______ reinforcers.
A) secondary
B) primary
C) tertiary
D) shaped
13. Germaine works in a factory in which she is paid a set amount every time she produces 100 widgets.
Germaine works quickly to produce her 100 widgets. After she is paid, her rate of productivity pauses
slightly and then she works quickly again to produce her next 100 widgets. What type of reinforcement
schedule is Germaine's employer using?
A) fixed ratio
B) fixed interval
C) variable ratio
D) variable interval
14. Miguel is a real estate agent. Although he lists and shows many houses, Miguel only gets paid when he
“makes the sale.” Miguel maintains a high rate of productivity for every listing and showing, even
though he cannot determine if each instance will result in a sale. Miguel's high rate of productivity
results from which schedule of reinforcement?
A) fixed ratio
B) fixed interval
C) variable ratio
D) variable interval
15. Slot machines are so “addictive” because they operate on the ______ schedule of reinforcement.
A) variable ratio
B) variable interval
C) fixed ratio
D) fixed interval
16. People who like to fish tend to be so persistent because their reinforcements (i.e. catching a fish) are
delivered on a ______ schedule.
A) fixed interval
B) variable interval
C) fixed ratio
D) variable ratio
Page 3
4. 17. Christian is bothered by how messy her daughter Amelia's room is. Christian wants to use principles of
operant conditioning to change Amelia's behavior, but Amelia is such a slob that Christian cannot find
any positive behavior to reward. Before she begins her reinforcement strategy, Christian will first have
to ______ Amelia's behavior.
A) shape
B) punish
C) model
D) extinguish
18. In her undergraduate Psychology of Learning course, Mildred works with her rat, Pierre, to teach him
to press a lever in his Skinner box. To begin, Mildred gives Pierre a food pellet every time he faces the
bar. Then she gives him a food pellet every time he moves toward the bar. Next Mildred gives Pierre a
pellet every time he sniffs the bar. Finally, Pierre brushes against the bar, and he gets a food pellet.
Mildred has used the technique called ______ to mold Pierre's behavior in the desired direction.
A) negative reinforcement
B) shaping
C) extinction
D) avoidance conditioning
19. When a behavior increases in occurrence because some negative event is removed or avoided, then
______ has occurred.
A) positive reinforcement
B) negative reinforcement
C) punishment
D) classical conditioning
20. After letting their new puppy, Hugo, sleep in their bed, Fred and Ginger are trying to get Hugo to sleep
on his own. On the first night Hugo is left in his doggie house, he whines and moans. Fred and Ginger
can't stand the disruption, so they put Hugo in bed with them “just for the night.” The next night this
scenario is repeated, except Hugo's moans are even louder. Which type of operant conditioning
explains Hugo's behavior?
A) escape conditioning
B) avoidance conditioning
C) punishment
D) positive reinforcement
21. Four-year-old Jacob has disobeyed his mother's direction to not take a cookie from the cookie jar.
Generalizing from the guidelines for punishment, what is the best action for Jacob's mother to take?
A) spank him
B) give him a “time out”
C) take away his dinner
D) verbally reprimand him
Page 4
5. 22. All but which of the following are guidelines for punishment suggested in your text?
A) Do not use physical punishment.
B) Once you have begun to punish, do not back down.
C) Positively reinforce appropriate behavior to take the place of inappropriate behavior.
D) Immediately after punishment, show affection by giving hugs and kisses.
23. Three-year-old William had a bad experience with a Pit Bull, and now he is afraid of all dogs. Which
phenomenon explains William's experience?
A) stimulus discrimination
B) stimulus generalization
C) extinction
D) punishment
24. ______ reinforcement schedules are the most difficult to extinguish.
A) Interval
B) Ratio
C) Fixed
D) Variable
25. Sheila has been attempting to solve a problem for several days now. On the fifth day, Sheila has a
sudden alteration of cognition, allowing her to see the problem's elements from a different perspective.
She quickly comes up with a solution. Sheila's learning is best described as which of the following?
A) insight learning
B) social learning
C) operant conditioning
D) classical conditioning
26. Hank has anterograde amnesia as the result of surgery for his seizures. Hank is expected to have
difficulty with which aspect of his memory?
A) retaining information in his short-term memory
B) recalling memories of events before his surgery
C) storing memories for events after his surgery
D) all of the above
27. Vera has a type of amnesia in which she is unable to store or retrieve new information in her long-term
memory. What type of amnesia does Vera have?
A) dissociative amnesia.
B) anterograde amnesia
C) retrograde amnesia
D) LTM amnesia
Page 5
6. 28. Vivid memories of emotional events are called _____ memories..
A) reconstructed
B) flashbulb
C) false
D) schema
29. In the interference theory of forgetting, interference created by prior learning is called ______
interference, and interference caused by later learning is called ______ interference.
A) retroactive / proactive
B) proactive / retroactive
C) reconstructed / deconstructed
D) deconstructed / reconstructed
30. Decay theory appears to be supported during which stage of memory?
A) sensory register
B) STM
C) sensory register and STM
D) LTM
31. Which theory of forgetting suggests that forgetting occurs as the memory trace fades over time?
A) interference theory
B) schema theory
C) theory of motivated forgetting
D) decay theory
32. Memory researchers know that immediate recall of items listed in a fixed order is typically better for
items at the beginning and end of the list than for those in the middle of the list. This phenomenon is
called the
A) tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
B) serial position effect.
C) retrieval dilemma.
D) elaboration phenomenon.
33. In a study of memory, research subjects are given one second to learn the following list of words: ball,
top, carrot, fig, car, plane, rose, tulip. When asked to recall the words in the order presented, which
words will most subjects recall?
A) ball and top
B) rose and tulip
C) fig and car
D) ball, top, rose, and tulip
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7. 34. Using organization strategies for long-term memory helps improve the ______ information.
A) capacity to store
B) ability to retrieve
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
35. Which statement best reflects the use of semantic memory?
A) “I remember how to play a guitar.”
B) “I don't like guitar music.”
C) “I remember buying my first guitar.”
D) “I know what a guitar is.”
36. A psychology professor lectures about declarative memory. To which types of memory is he referring?
A) semantic and episodic
B) semantic and procedural
C) episodic and procedural
D) episodic, procedural, and semantic
37. LTM is least effective in handling which type of memory?
A) procedural
B) semantic
C) episodic
D) none of the above; all types of memory are processed easily by LTM
38. On their tenth anniversary, Nicole and Christopher look over the photos in their wedding album and
fondly recall their wedding day. Which type of memory are they using?
A) episodic
B) semantic
C) procedural
D) working
39. Your professor asks you to tell the class the meaning of “repression.” You have studied this concept
from your psychology textbook, and you are able to explain it to the class. Which aspect of your LTM
was responsible for “remembering” this term?
A) semantic memory
B) procedural memory
C) anterograde memory
D) episodic memory
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8. 40. Short-term memory is to ______ as long-term memory is to ______.
A) chunking / rehearsal
B) rehearsal / chunking
C) permanent / temporary
D) temporary / permanent
41. Rehearsal improves the _____ short-term memory, and chunking improves the _____ short-term
memory.
A) retention of information in / retention of information in
B) retention of information in / capacity of
C) capacity of / retention of information in
D) capacity of / capacity of
42. Mike is cramming for his psychology exam. How many bits of information can Mike reasonably
expect his short-term memory to hold for this exam?
A) 1 to 3
B) 5 to 9
C) 10 to 20
D) 50 to 150
43. Clara is using rehearsal and chunking to improve her memory. Which stage of memory is Clara
attempting to influence?
A) short-term memory
B) long-term memory
C) procedural memory
D) sensory register
44. When a piece of information is selected for further processing, it proceeds from the sensory register to
the
A) long-term memory.
B) rehearsal space.
C) semantic memory.
D) short-term memory.
45. Jaina uses this part of her LTM when she is able to remember the movements involved in crocheting.
A) episodic memory
B) working memory
C) semantic memory
D) procedural memory/motor skills
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9. 46. In Psych 1 you usually take exams every Thursday. Now, even though the class is over, you continue
to find yourself getting a little anxious on Thursday mornings. Anxiety in response to Thursday
mornings is the ______?
A) UCS
B) UCR
C) CR
D) CS
47. In Psych 1 you usually take exams every Thursday. Now, even though the class is over, you continue
to find yourself getting a little anxious on Thursday mornings. What is the UCR?
A) anxiety
B) exams
C) Thursday mornings
D) preparation for the exam
48. In Psych 1 you usually take exams every Thursday. Now, even though the class is over, you continue
to find yourself getting a little anxious on Thursday mornings. What is the CS?
A) exam
B) Psych 1
C) Thursday mornings
D) anxiety
49. You shop at Target, but move to a new neighborhood and have a hard time finding things at the new
Target store. When you return to your old neighborhood Target store, you also have difficulty locating
items. This is an example of __________ interference.
A) proactive
B) retroactive
C) your obsession with moving
D) object
50. In Psych 1 you usually take exams every Thursday. Now, even though the class is over, you continue
to find yourself getting a little anxious on Thursday mornings. What is the UCS?
A) Thursday mornings
B) exams
C) anxiety
D) Psych 1
51. Bill was taking a shower in preparation for work slipped and bumped his head in the shower. After
arriving at work, he was unable to remember dressing, driving to and arriving at work. Bill is
experiencing
A) anterograde amnesia
B) retrograde amnesia
C) proactive inhibition
D) clumsiness
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10. 52. You learned how to drive a 5-speed stick-shift years ago, but for the past 10 years, have been driving
an automatic. You have now decided to purchased a sporty 5- speed, and are ready for a test drive but
cannot remember how to drive it. You are experiencing
A) retroactive interference
B) proactive interference
C) buyers remorse
D) stress syndrome
53. Consider the following list of items: desk, ranger, glass, farmer and pencil. According to the recency
effect, you are more likely to remember which word(s)?
A) desk
B) ranger
C) pencil
D) glass
54. What is the primary difference between declarative memories and procedural (motor skills) memories?
A) Declarative memories are in STM, while procedural memories are in LTM.
B) Declarative memories are easy to describe in words, while procedural memories are not.
C) Declarative memories are longer lasting than procedural memories.
D) Declarative memories are more easily processed by LTM than procedural memories.
55. What do positive punishment and negative punishment have in common?
A) They both increase the liklihood of behavior.
B) They both decrease the liklihood of behavior.
C) They both strengthen behavior.
D) They have nothing in common.
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