This document contains a pretest for psychology chapters 6 and 7 covering general psychology and memory. It includes 40 multiple choice questions testing various concepts related to memory such as the components of memory, memory processes, memory errors and biases, and factors that influence memory. The pretest will be used to assess students' knowledge of these topics prior to instruction on memory in chapters 6 and 7.
This is just a Basic introduction designed in a Beginner friendly mode . Hope this would help understanding the Human transactions and adjusting self whenever required to seek smoother relationship .
This is just a Basic introduction designed in a Beginner friendly mode . Hope this would help understanding the Human transactions and adjusting self whenever required to seek smoother relationship .
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer.docxadelaidefarmer322
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1. Habituation can be measured by:
(a) observing whole-body startle reactions to loud tones
(b) measuring the amount of blood flowing into one's brain
(c) measuring changes in the electrical conductivity of the skin
(d) all of the above
2.After habituating his animals to a visual stimulus, Dr. Stillman presents a novel tone to his subjects. Following the presentation of the tone, the animals are again shown the initial visual stimulus, but they no longer habituate to this event. What has occurred?
(a) generalization
(b) sensory adaptation
(c) savings
(d) dishabituation
3. Neurons directly involved in the reflex arc have been labeled:
(a) Type S
(b) Type R
(c) Type H
(d) Type A
4. Neurons that playa major role in the general level of arousal of the nervous system have been labeled:
(a) Type S
(b) Type R
(c) Type H
(d) Type A
5. Why is a CR sometimes called an anticipatory response?
(a) because a subject anticipates that making a CR will lead to some type of reward
(b) because a subject makes a CR during the presentation of the US
(c) because a subject makes a CR during the presentation of the CS
(d) none of the above
6.Which of the following methods of classical conditioning is focused on the survival value of conditioned associations?
(a) eyeblink conditioning
(b) SCR measurement
(c) conditioned taste aversion
(d) all of the above
7. One possible drawback to evaluative conditioning is:
(a) the reflexes studied are difficult to observe
(b) the SCRs that are to be evaluated can be painful to subjects
(c) the traditional CRs used with the procedure are too intense
(d) none of the above
8. Unconditioned Stimuli:
(a) have no biological significance to an organism
(b) are neutral stimuli
(c) cannot have their significance acquired
(d) none of the above
9. Unconditioned Stimuli:
(a) can have a sensory element to them
(b) are devoid of emotional significance
(c) do not typically elicit specific reactions
(d) are unidimensional
10.In a schedule, reinforcement occurs after a fixed number of responses.
(a) continuous reinforcement
(b) fixed ratio
(c) variable ratio
(d) fixed interval
11.The capacity to inhibit immediate gratification in preference for a larger reward in the long run is central to:
(a) secondary reinforcement
(b) self-control
(c) continuous reinforcement
(d) token reinforcement
12.A teacher giving a student a coupon they can exchange for a pencil, candy, or other reward is an example of this type of reinforcement.
(a) secondary and primary reinforcement
(b) self-control and token reinforcement
(c) primary and token reinforcement
(d) secondary and token reinforcement
13. After getting a good grade on an exam, Julie's mom gives Julie a big hug. The behavior of Julie's mom in this situation could best be described as:
(a) secondary reinforcement
(b) social reinforcement
(c) primary reinforcement
(d.
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed an.docxadelaidefarmer322
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1. Habituation can be measured by:
(a) observing whole-body startle reactions to loud tones
(b) measuring the amount of blood flowing into one's brain
(c) measuring changes in the electrical conductivity of the skin
(d) all of the above
2.After habituating his animals to a visual stimulus, Dr. Stillman presents a novel tone to his subjects. Following the presentation of the tone, the animals are again shown the initial visual stimulus, but they no longer habituate to this event. What has occurred?
(a) generalization
(b) sensory adaptation
(c) savings
(d) dishabituation
3. Neurons directly involved in the reflex arc have been labeled:
(a) Type S
(b) Type R
(c) Type H
(d) Type A
4. Neurons that play a major role in the general level of arousal of the nervous system have been labeled:
(a) Type S
(b) Type R
(c) Type H
(d) Type A
5. Why is a CR sometimes called an anticipatory response?
(a) because a subject anticipates that making a CR will lead to some type of reward
(b) because a subject makes a CR during the presentation of the US
(c) because a subject makes a CR during the presentation of the CS
(d) none of the above
6.Which of the following methods of classical conditioning is focused on the survival value of conditioned associations?
(a) eyeblink conditioning
(b) SCR measurement
(c) conditioned taste aversion
(d) all of the above
7. One possible drawback to evaluative conditioning is:
(a) the reflexes studied are difficult to observe
(b) the SCRs that are to be evaluated can be painful to subjects
(c) the traditional CRs used with the procedure are too intense
(d) none of the above
8. Unconditioned Stimuli:
(a) have no biological significance to an organism
(b) are neutral stimuli
(c) cannot have their significance acquired
(d) none of the above
9. Unconditioned Stimuli:
(a) can have a sensory element to them
(b) are devoid of emotional significance
(c) do not typically elicit specific reactions
(d) are unidimensional
10.In a schedule, reinforcement occurs after a fixed number of responses.
(a) continuous reinforcement
(b) fixed ratio
(c) variable ratio
(d) fixed interval
11.The capacity to inhibit immediate gratification in preference for a larger reward in the long run is central to:
(a) secondary reinforcement
(b) self-control
(c) continuous reinforcement
(d) token reinforcement
12.A teacher giving a student a coupon they can exchange for a pencil, candy, or other reward is an example of this type of reinforcement.
(a) secondary and primary reinforcement
(b) self-control and token reinforcement
(c) primary and token reinforcement
(d) secondary and token reinforcement
13. After getting a good grade on an exam, Julie's mom gives Julie a big hug. The behavior of Julie's mom in this situation could best be described as:
(a) secondary reinforcement
(b) social reinforcement
(c) primary reinforcement
(.
1) The term positivism” came from the writings of A) Franz Gall.docxdorishigh
1) The term “positivism” came from the writings of
A) Franz Gall.
B) Auguste Comte.
C) Charles Darwin.
D) Cesare Lombroso.
2) According to Arseneault and Trembley’s recent study of teenage boys in Canada, minor abnormalities in the shape of the __________ were associated with an increased risk of psychiatric and behavioral problems.
A) teeth
B) tongue
C) ears
D) All of the above
3) According to William Sheldon, __________ have the greatest likelihood of becoming criminal offenders.
A) cyclothmorphs
B) endomorphs
C) ectomorphs
D) mesomorphs
4) Research suggests that exposure to the color __________ can calm people who are feeling angry or agitated.
A) purple
B) pink
C) blue
D) brown
5) Which of the following variables may moderate the relationship between tem-
perature and criminal behavior?
A) Time of day
B) Season of the year
C) Day of the week
D) All of the above
6) According to Goddard, a tendency toward __________ was inherited.
A) criminality
B) alcoholism
C) feeblemindedness
D) degeneracy
7) Which of the following is not a characteristic of an XYY male?
A) Shorter than average height
B) Overrepresented in prisons and mental hospitals
C) Less than average intelligence
D) Suffers from acne or other skin disorders
8) The work of __________ contributed to the development of the field of behavioral genetics.
A) James Q. Wilson
B) Freda Adler
C) Sir Francis Galton
D) Edward O. Wilson
9) According to sociobiologists, the violence and aggressiveness associated with
territoriality is often reserved for
A) acquaintances.
B) relatives.
C) strangers.
D) family members.
10) Which of the following is not a criticism of sociobiology?
A) There is no rational basis for applying findings from animal studies to hu-
mans.
B) It fails to integrate biology into the paradigm.
C) It does not properly depict basic human nature.
D) It does not identify the importance of culture, social learning, and individual experiences in shaping behavior.
11) James Q. Wilson and Richard J. Herrnstein wrote
A) Crime and Human Nature.
B) Sisters in Crime.
C) Sociobiology.
D) Creating Born Criminals.
12) Which of the following is not one of the early signs or indicators of psychopathy?
A) Cruelty to animals
B) Teenage pregnancy
C) Firesetting
D) Bed-wetting
13) Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of antisocial personality disorder?
A) Callous unconcern for the feelings of others
B) Prone to blame others for the behavior that brought the patient into conflict
with society
C) A low tolerance to frustration
D) The inability to establish relationships
14) A possible psychogentic cause of antisocial personality disorder is
A) a separation from the mother during the first six months of life.
B) a low state of arousal.
C) a malfunction of some inhibitory mechanisms.
D) none of the above
15) According to Eysenck, a(n) __________ is generally irrational, shy, moody, and emoti ...
Question 1 of 402.5 PointsEllen and Mike are trying to decide .docxIRESH3
Question 1 of 40
2.5 Points
Ellen and Mike are trying to decide where to go for an anniversary dinner. Mike says to Ellen, “Okay, you can have anything you want. We can do Chinese, Italian, Thai, Mexican, or Spanish food. If you want sushi, that is fine, or we can go to an upscale steakhouse! I’m even fine if you want to go get a few fast-food burgers and then go for ice cream. So what will it be?” According to the concept of decision aversion, what is Ellen likely to choose?
A. Ellen is likely to get angry at Mike for not choosing dinner.
B. Ellen is likely to make no choice at all.
C. Ellen will choose the most expensive meal, since Mike gave her the option of choosing anything she wants.
D. Ellen will consider which meal she likes the best and choose a restaurant that will serve that meal.
Question 2 of 40
2.5 Points
__________ is a rare disorder that occasionally accompanies autism in which a person of below-average intelligence has an extraordinary ability.
A. Impulsive ability syndrome
B. Savant syndrome
C. Prodigy disorder
D. Schizoaffective disorder
Question 3 of 40
2.5 Points
The __________ state refers to a problem-solving condition in which a person has incomplete or unsatisfactory information.
A. initial
B. boggled
C. inadequate
D. misinformed
Question 4 of 40
2.5 Points
The __________ bias describes the effect that occurs when a person’s existing ways of thinking distort his or her logical decisions.
A. hindsight
B. representative
C. heuristic
D. belief
Question 5 of 40
2.5 Points
Have you ever been distracted while you were speaking and accidentally switched the sounds of two words? For example, a person might mean to say, “I’m going to get a turkey sandwich” and instead say, “I’m going to get a surkey tandwich.” This type of expressive inversion is called a __________.
A. phonemic reversal
B. syntactic switch
C. spoonerism
D. morphism
Question 6 of 40
2.5 Points
The term book knowledge most resembles __________ intelligence from the theory of Robert Sternberg.
A. analytic
B. emotional
C. practical
D. academic
Question 7 of 40
2.5 Points
Which of the following is one of the aspects of intelligence according to the theory of psychologist Robert Sternberg?
A. interpersonal intelligence
B. crystallized intelligence
C. intrapersonal intelligence
D. creative intelligence
Question 8 of 40
2.5 Points
The __________ fallacy is a phenomenon that causes people to believe that additional information increases the probability that a statement is true, even though that probability actually decreased.
A. hindsight
B. irrationality
C. conjunction
D. discursion
Question 9 of 40
2.5 Points
Going from broad to specific conclusions is called __________, while going from specific examples to broad conclusions is called __________ reasoning.
A. theoretical; analytical
B. deductive; inductive
C. analytical; theoretical
D. inductive; deductive
Ques ...
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
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Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
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Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
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This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
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Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
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Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
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Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
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Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
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GenAISummit 2024 May 28 Sri Ambati Keynote: AGI Belongs to The Community in O...
Psychology pretest 6,7
1. Psychology 1 - General Psychology
Pretest - Chapters 6,7
Summer 2009
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
1) All of the following are components of memory EXCEPT 1) _______
A) consolidation.
B) metacognition.
C) encoding.
D) retrieval.
E) storage.
2) When a person has a better memory for items at the beginning of a list, 2) _______
the ________ is demonstrated.
A) primacy effect
B) recency effect
C) flashbulb memory effect
D) serial cognition effect
E) metamemory effect
3) After he was sexually assaulted, Gordon went to the police and filed a 3) _______
report. He was able to tell the police sketch artist what the perpetrator
looked like. The police then asked Gordon if he'd be willing to look at
potential suspects one by one to determine whether or not that suspect
was the perpetrator. Gordon agreed to do so. All of the following are
true EXCEPT
A) Gordon will be LESS likely to make a positive identification in this
scenario.
B) Because Gordon was not given the opportunity to look at photos
of potential suspects, he will be more likely to make a
misidentification.
C) The method Gordon experienced in viewing one suspect at a time
is preferred by some police officers over showing all members at
once.
D) Gordon was participating in what some police officers refer to as a
"showup."
E) Gordon will be LESS likely to misidentify one of the potential
suspects as the perpetrator.
4) ________ occurs when information never made it into the long-term 4) _______
memory in the first place.
A) Retrieval failure
B) Long-term potentiation
C) Encoding failure
D) Decay
E) Consolidation failure
Sharon and Peggy were talking about what they did over the weekend. 5) _______
Peggy told Sharon all about the concert she attended. As she was giving
Peggy the details, she realized she could not remember the name of the
group who performed. She could easily tell Sharon other songs they
sang and even described what they looked like. However, Peggy could
not seem to remember the name of the group at the moment. What did
Peggy just experience?
5)
A) The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
B) Anterograde amnesia
2. C) Prospective forgetting
D) Consolidation failure
E) Encoding failure
6) Guisseppe cannot remember exactly what happened at the wedding he 6) _______
attended a while ago, but he knows that the reception followed the
ceremony. He also knows that at the reception, there was a large guest
list, great food, and lots of dancing. Guisseppe is using ________ to help
him reconstruct his memory for the event.
A) relearning
B) recognition
C) a schema
D) metamemory
E) metacognition
7) In terms of the memory process, keeping the information in memory 7) _______
refers to ______.
A) storage
B) retrieval
C) encoding
D) metacognition
E) consolidation
8) As three-year-old Luca is learning to count to ten, his parents notice he 8) _______
always remembers one, two, three correctly and then nine, ten correctly.
However, he often skips or mixes up the numbers in the middle. This
demonstrates
A) severe problems in metacognition.
B) infantile amnesia.
C) only the primacy effect.
D) only the recency effect.
E) the serial position effect.
9) Sixty-eight-year-old Claretta is often confused about where she is and 9) _______
what time of the day it is. Her adult children have noticed that other
mental abilities have also been deteriorating lately. They report that
Claretta does not seem to remember important information and her
personality has changed. Which of the following BEST describes
Claretta's condition?
A) Dementia
B) Encoding failure
C) Retrograde anmesia
D) The disinhibitory effect
E) Repression
10) Declarative memory is to explicit memory as ________ is to implicit 10) ______
memory.
A) nondeclarative memory
B) semantic memory
C) echoic memory
D) episodic memory
E) an event
11) Julie is a participant in a research project. She is instructed to memorize 11) ______
a list of items. Julie reads the list, in order, over and over again. When it
comes time for her to be tested on what items she remembers, what will
the finding likely be?
A) Julie will remember various items scattered throughout the list.
B) Julie will have a better memory for items at the beginning of the
list.
C) Julie will have a better memory for items at the end of the list.
D) Julie will have a better memory for items in the middle of the list.
E) Research suggests that both B and C are correct.
3. 12) ________ is a memory strategy that involves an individual repeating 12) ______
something over and over whereas ________ is a memory strategy that
involves connecting new information to something already stored in
memory.
A) Elaborative rehearsal; rote rehearsal
B) Chunking; rote rehearsal
C) Maintenance rehearsal; rote rehearsal
D) Elaborative rehearsal; displacement
E) Maintenance rehearsal; elaborative rehearsal
13) According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory, the components 13) ______
of memory are
A) declarative and nondeclarative memory.
B) sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
C) implicit memory and explicit memory.
D) encoding, storage, and retrieval.
E) metacognition and meta-analysis.
14) Which of the following is FALSE regarding eyewitness testimony? 14) ______
A) When the crime involves a weapon, research suggests that
misidentification is somewhat higher.
B) Although mistakes can happen, there are strategies that can be
taken to minimize the errors.
C) Greater accuracy can be achieved if the victim is shown one
potential suspect at a time.
D) Even when measures are put into place to reduce error, eyewitness
testimony is not generally relied upon in the U.S. legal system.
E) When a victim is looking at a lineup of potential suspects, the race,
build, and age of all the suspects should be similar.
Bernice can remember her first day of kindergarten, but cannot seem to 15) ______
remember anything in her life that occurred before that. Bernice is likely
experiencing ________.
15)
A) childhood repression
B) retrograde amnesia
C) infantile amnesia
D) an inability to reconstruct repressed memories
E) anterograde amnesia
16) When memories are not revisited, they simply fade away as time passes. 16) ______
This exemplifies the ________.
A) idea behind retrograde amnesia
B) interference theory of forgetting
C) retrieval theory of forgetting
D) decay theory of forgetting
E) encoding theory of forgetting
17) Declarative memory includes 17) ______
A) episodic memory, semantic memory, and implicit memory.
B) implicit memory and explicit memory.
C) implicit memory and episodic memory.
D) semantic memory and episodic memory.
E) episodic memory, explicit memory, and implicit memory.
18) ________ occurs when information already stored in memory gets in the 18) ______
way of recalling newer information.
A) Retroactive amnesia
B) Anterograde interference
C) Proactive interference
D) Anterograde amnesia
E) Proactive amnesia
4. 19) ________ refers to finding that memory is better for things at the 19) ______
beginning and the end of a list as compared for memory for things in
the middle of the list.
A) The memory reconstruction theory
B) Metacognition
C) The serial position effect
D) The flashbulb memory effect
E) Metamemory
20) All of the following are true of recovered memories from the first few 20) ______
years of life EXCEPT
A) research suggests that areas of the cortex involved in memory are
not yet fully developed thus interfering with the memory process.
B) research suggests that an underdeveloped hippocampus may
prevent memories from being properly stored/retrieved.
C) due to limited language abilities, the storage and future retrieval of
memories is not very efficient or reliable.
D) infantile amnesia would suggest that individuals cannot remember
events that happened during the first few years.
E) All of the above are true regarding recovered memories from the
early years of like.
21) Multiple choice exams are to ________ as essay exams are to ________. 21) ______
A) recall; recognition
B) relearning; recall
C) recognition; recall
D) recall; relearning
E) recognition; relearning
22) ________ holds information brought in through our senses but only for a 22) ______
very brief amount of time.
A) Declarative memory
B) Metamemory
C) Short-term memory
D) Sensory memory
E) Working memory
23) All of the following can be stated from Godden's and Baddeley's 1975 23) ______
research with the divers EXCEPT
A) The divers' recall was not as good if they were in a different
environment from where they learned the material.
B) The context in which the divers learned the information probably
assisted in their recall of the information when in that same
context.
C) The divers who learned the list of words on land remembered the
list better on land.
D) The divers who learned the list of words under water had a better
memory for those words while under water.
E) Because the context was unusual, the divers seemed to have a
better memory for the words they learned while under water.
24) Raymond is required to learn long lists of numbers for his job. Because 24) ______
he wants to remember as many numbers as possible, he breaks the
numbers up into groups. What technique is Raymond utilizing?
A) Metacognition
B) Chunking
C) Rehearsal
D) Displacement
E) Elaboration
25) When new information pushes current information out of memory 25) ______
because the short-term memory is full, ________ has occurred.
A) rehearsal
B) retrograde amnesia
5. C) displacement
D) chunking
E) elaboration
Which of the following correctly states the average range of intelligence, 26) ______
which can also be determined by calculating one standard deviation
above and below the mean?
26)
A) 85-100
B) 85-115
C) 70-130
D) 100-115
E) 95-105
27) Jack is sitting at his desk at work and is excited about the new car he just 27) ______
purchased. Because his new car is in the company's parking garage, he
cannot see it. Jack can use ________ to create in his mind the visual
image of his new car.
A) a heuristic
B) metamemory
C) metacognition
D) imagery
E) proactive visualization
28) Hannah took a reading test to see what her level of reading ability was. 28) ______
Although the tests accurately measured an individual's general reading
ability, the first test showed that she had very poor reading skills
whereas the second test showed she had average reading skills. Which
of the following is TRUE regarding this scenario?
A) The reading tests are likely valid but not reliable.
B) The reading tests did not measure what they were intended to
measure.
C) The tests had low validity and low reliability.
D) The reading tests did not demonstrate validity.
E) The reading tests showed consistency based on her overall results.
29) Cedric is sitting in his math class and is trying to solve a problem. He 29) ______
knows there is a correct formula to solve this problem and he knows
what steps are involved to come to the correct answer. Cedric is about to
use the ________ as a problem solving strategy.
A) algorithm
B) means-end analysis
C) mental set
D) formulaic heuristic
E) representativeness heuristic
30) ________ occurs when a person sees only the original use of an object, 30) ______
which can ultimately interfere with problem solving.
A) The formulaic heuristic
B) Functional fixedness
C) Cross-modal perception
6. D) Divergent thinking
E) A customary viewpoint
The g factor measures ________ whereas the s factor measures ________. 31) ______
31)
A) primary mental abilities; secondary mental abilities
B) nonverbal intellectual capacity; verbal intellectual capacity
C) specific intellectual abilities; general intelligence
D) overall intelligence; particular intellectual abilities
E) verbal abilities; nonverbal abilities
32) A ________ is a mental category that represents a group of people, 32) ______
objects, or events.
A) prototype
B) visual image
C) schematic grouping
D) cognitive grouping
E) concept
33) Athletes such as Tiger Woods and Tayshaun Prince likely have a high 33) ______
degree of
A) naturalistic intelligence.
B) linguistic intelligence.
C) interpersonal intelligence.
D) logical-mathematical intelligence.
E) bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.
34) Suppose that eight-year-old Kevin was given the Wechsler Intelligence 34) ______
Scale for Children. How would the psychologist determine his IQ score?
A) Assessing his mental age
B) Comparing his performance with all of the other eight-year-old
children in the normative group who have taken the test
C) Dividing his age by the average number or responses he answered
D) Using the formula MA/CA X 100
E) Using the formula CA/MA X 100
35) Joy had never been to the new restaurant her family was suggesting 35) ______
they try. She was a bit leary about going until she heard they had
hamburgers on the menu. Which of the following helped Joy to decide
trying the new restaurant was worth a shot?
A) The surface heuristic
B) The recognition heuristic
C) The planning heuristic
D) The availability heuristic
E) The rule-of-thumb heuristic
36) Which of the following addresses the question, "Does the test measure 36) ______
what it is intended to measure?"
A) Reliability
B) Aptitude
C) Standardization
D) Consistency
E) Validity
7. When a very large group of people are given a test and then those scores 37) ______
are used as comparison for anyone else who may take that test, the test
is said to be
37)
A) valid.
B) culturally fair.
C) reliable.
D) an aptitude test.
E) standardized.
38) One day Oliver was sitting with his friend as they were discussing how 38) ______
long they have been friends. As they counted back, Oliver said, "Oh, I
remember. We met in the third grade at recess time." As he and his
friend reminisced, Oliver came to the conclusion that because he hadn't
thought about the third grade in so many years, he could not remember
who their teacher was. In fact, he could not remember anything about
his teacher. What is Oliver likely experiencing?
A) Interference failure
B) Decay theory
C) Anterograde amnesia
D) Consolidation failure
E) Encoding failure
39) Nicole feels she will not soon forget the emotions she felt upon hearing 39) ______
of the attacks on America on September 11th. She remembers very
vividly what she was doing, who she was with, what was said, and
what emotions she experienced. Nicole has a ________ for that tragic
event.
A) metamemory
B) hippocampal memory
C) flashbulb memory
D) reconstructed memory
E) repressed memory
40) Luisine took his statistics exam and was glad he studied as hard as he 40) ______
did. He remembers that it took him about an hour to relearn how to
solve the problems after spending four hours on them the first time.
Based on the relearning method, what was Luisine's savings score?
A) 25% B) 75% C) 0% D) 100% E) 50%
41) Explicit memory is to declarative memory as short-term memory is to 41) ______
________.
A) working memory
B) metamemory
C) episodic memory
D) nondeclarative memory
E) semantic memory
42) According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, ________ can hold 42) ______
information for a very brief time period of a few moments whereas
________ can hold information for 30 seconds or so.
A) iconic memory; sensory memory
B) sensory memory; short-term memory
C) declarative memory; working memory
D) declarative memory; short-term memory
E) implicit memory; metamemory
43) Which of the following is TRUE regarding suppression and repression? 43) ______
8. A) Suppression involves a partial or complete memory loss of an
event.
B) Repression involves a conscious attempt to try to forget painful
experiences yet still knowing the event occurred.
C) Both are forms of motivated forgetting.
D) Both fall under the category of encoding failure.
E) All of the above are true.
44) Though gender differences for cognitive abilities are quite small, which of the 44) ______
following statements is TRUE regarding the gender differences that do exist?
A) Boys as young as 18 months of age have been found to have larger
vocabularies than girls.
B) The cognitive differences between boys and girls are much larger than
cognitive differences found within each gender.
C) Females consistently outperform males in both math and science.
D) Boys tend to be more self-disciplined than girls as it relates to studying.
E) On average, girls get higher grades than boys do in all subjects.
45) Which of the following is TRUE regarding the nature-nurture 45) ______
controversy of intelligence?
A) The controversy was solved when recently published research
strongly supported the idea that intelligence was primarily
genetic.
B) Twin studies support the idea that intelligence is largely inherited;
similarly, adoption studies support the idea that intelligence is
strongly influenced by one's environment.
C) Sir Francis Galton purported over 100 years ago that intelligence
was mostly influenced by one's environment.
D) Because it was determined that the heritability index for
intelligence is around .50, the controversy was recently put to rest.
E) All of the above are true.
46) When an individual makes a decision based on what is easiest to call to 46) ______
mind, the ________ is used.
A) recognition heuristic
B) surface heuristic
C) representativeness heuristic
D) availability heuristic
E) planning heuristic
47) All of the following are true regarding flashbulb memories EXCEPT 47) ______
A) these memories tend to be highly emotional.
B) flashbulb memories tend to be rehearsed over and over thereby
adding to the strong memory of the event.
C) memories of this type are more accurate than other memories and
seem exempt from fading away over time.
D) the importance and repercussions of these memories add to the
strength of the memory.
E) memories such as these high in consequentiality.
48) Conditioned responses you have learned by association are located in 48) ______
your ________ memory; knowing how to ride a bike is located within
your ________ memory.
A) semantic; implicit
B) implicit; nondeclarative
C) nondeclarative; echoic
D) declarative; explicit
E) explicit; implicit
49) Sternberg's ________ intelligence refers to the mental abilities most 49) ______
closely correlated with high scores in today's standardized intelligence
tests.
A) experiential
B) creative
C) practical
9. D) componential
E) contextual
50) When a traumatic event seems to be removed or hidden from one's 50) ______
conscious awareness, ________ is said to have occurred.
A) retrograde amnesia
B) proactive amnesia
C) anterograde amnesia
D) prospective forgetting
E) repression