The document discusses several key concepts for designing everyday things: 1. Perceived affordances refer to the perceived properties of an object that suggest how it can be used. Problems occur when a user's perceptions do not match the designer's intentions. 2. Visible constraints provide cues about the range of possible actions. More constraints reduce opportunities for errors. 3. Mapping involves the relationship between controls and their effects. Natural mappings improve usability. 4. Causality and feedback are important for users to understand cause-and-effect. Subtle or delayed effects can cause confusion. 5. Transfer effects occur when users apply knowledge from similar prior experiences, which can help or hinder depending on similarities.