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Psychology:- Meaning &
Definition
मानसशास्त्र:- अर्थ व व्याख्या
 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi
Professor & Head
MSM’s College of Physical Education,
Aurangabad
2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi
मानसशास्त्र
 सायकी + लोगस
 Psyche + Logos
 मन / आत्मा + अभ्यास (टॉक ऑफ)
 सवथसाधारणपणे 2300 वर्ाथपूवी पाश्चात्त्य देशात मानसशास्त्र हे एक शास्त्र
म्हणून उदयास आले. त्याकाळी आत्मा, मन यासंबंधीचे काही ववचार
तत्वज्ञान या ववद्याशाखेमध्ये मांडले जात असत. अर्ाथतच ही सवथ मांडणी
तत्त्ववचंतनावर अशी होती.
 र्ोर ग्रीक शास्त्रज्ञ ॲररस्टॉटल यांनी 'डी एनेमा' (About Soul )या
नावाचा ग्रंर् वलवहला. येर्ूनच मानसशास्त्राचा उदय होण्यास प्रारंभ झाला.
मानसशास्त्र या शब्दाचा उपयोग प्रर्मता 1576 साली करण्यात आला. डी
एनेमा या ग्रंर्ाला मानसशास्त्रातील एक आद्यग्रंर् म्हणून मान्यता
वमळाली. या ग्रंर्ात आत्म्या ववर्यीचे वववेचन आढळू न येते. याच
ववचारातून मानसशास्त्र ही ववद्येची वेगळी शाखा गणली गेली.
2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi
मानसशास्त्र:- अर्थ व व्याख्या
 मानसशास्त्राची पवहली व्याख्या "आत्म्याचे शास्त्र म्हणजे मानसशास्त्र".
"As a science of soul“ अशी करण्यात आली. आत्म्याचे शरीरातील
वनवश्चत स्र्ान कोणते यावर बरीच वचवकत्सा करण्यात आली. मानसशास्त्र
एक शास्त्र आहे, असे समजले गेले तर शास्त्र हे अववनाशी, वचदृप व
वदसण्याऱ्या गोष्ींवर, वस्तंबद्दल वववेचन करते. परंतत आत्मा म्हणजे काय?
तो जड आहे की वचदृप आहे? ववनाशी आहे की अववनाशी आहे? याचे
शरीरातील स्र्ान कोणते आहे? असे अनेक प्रश्न समोर आले. पररणामतः
मानसशास्त्राची दतसरी व्याख्या यातूनच पतढे आली, ती म्हणजे मनाचे
शास्त्र म्हणजे मानसशास्त्र होय.
 'Psychology is a science of mind'. पवहल्या व्याख्येप्रमाणे याही
व्याख्याने अनेक प्रश्न समोर आले. यावर काही ऋर्ी-मतनींनी मन म्हणजे,
"जो ववचार करते ते", मन भासते वदसत नाही, अशा प्रकारचा तोकडा
प्रयत्न क
े ला गेला. परंतत यापेक्षा अवधक शास्त्रशतद्ध प्रयत्न मॅक- ड
ू ग्गल यांनी
क
े लेला वदसून येतो. "मानसशास्त्र हे मानवी मनाचे अनतभव वमवित
वणथनात्मक अनतभवांचे शास्त्र आहे", अशी व्याख्या क
े ली.
2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi
मानसशास्त्र:- अर्थ व व्याख्या
 एकोवणसाव्या शतकामध्ये अवधक शास्त्रशतद्ध प्रयत्न भौवतकशास्त्राच्या ववकासामतळे होऊ
लागला. याच काळात शारीररक शास्त्राचाही ववकास होऊ लागला. एक महत्त्वपूणथ घटना
1879 या साली घडली. ववल्यम उंट या मानसशास्त्रज्ञाने जमथनी येर्ील वलपवझक या
ववद्यापीठात मानसशास्त्रची पवहली प्रयोगशाळा स्र्ापन क
े ली. या प्रयोगशाळे त संवेदन
(Sensation) भावना (Feelings), ववचार ( Thinking), संकल्पना (Concept) या ववववध
ववर्यांवर प्रयोग करण्यास सतरुवात क
े ली या सवथ गोष्ी आंतररक अनतभवावर अवलंबून
आहेत यातून ववल्यम उंट (William Wundt) यांनी मानसशास्त्राची नवीन व्याख्या पतढे
आणली "बोधावस्र्ा चा अभ्यास करणारे शास्त्र म्हणजे मानसशास्त्र."it's a science of
consciousness".
 1879 साला पासूनच मानसशास्त्राला शास्त्र म्हणून मान्यता वमळाली, ती प्रायोवगक पद्धतीने
या शाखेमध्ये अभ्यास करण्याची पद्धत सतरु झाल्यामतळे . बोधावस्र्ेचा प्रत्यय प्रत्येकास आला
पण वसग्मंड फ्राईड (Sigmund Freud) यांनी मनोववश्लेर्ण शास्त्राच्या संशोधनामतळे
मानवी वतथन हे बोधावस्र्ेतील ववचार, ववकार यावर वजतक
े अवलंबून असते, त्याहीपेक्षा ते
मनाच्या गतढ, अबोध भावना -वासनांवर अवधक अवलंबून असते हे स्पष् होऊ लागले.
त्यामतळे मानसशास्त्राच्या कक्षेमध्ये बोधावस्र्ेच्या जोडीला अबोधावस्र्ेचाही समावेश होऊ
लागला. यामतळे ववल्यम उंट यांची व्याख्याही मागे पडली. आवण 1912 साली जेम्स वॅटसन,
वूडवर्थ, क्रो अंड क्रो ,स्किनर मन यांनी क
े लेली मानसशास्त्राची व्याख्या सवथमान्य ठरली. ती
अशी, "मानव व मानवेतर प्राण्यांच्या वतथनाचा अभ्यास करणारे शास्त्र म्हणजे मानसशास्त्र
होय".
2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi
Psychology:- Meaning & Definition
 Psychology as a subject is as old as Aristotle, but as a science it is a
very young. It was only in 1879 declared as a science. Psychology was
earlier studied as the part of philosophy and now it has acquired its
own status. Psychology word was first used in the year 1576. it is
derived from Greek word 'Psyche' and 'logy'
 'Psyche' means mind and 'Logy' means talk of or science of. Hence
psychology means science of mind. This definition is studied as a
part of historical evolution of the definition which is current and
modern. Earlier definition of psychology was study of 'man inside
man' but critic on this is nobody has seen 'man inside man' and we
say psychology is a science and science is exclusively blend of proof.
 Hence this definition was abandoned. Next, Psychology was defined
as a study of soul. and same as above said, nobody has seen soul,
weighed or touched and place of soul is unknown. Hence this
definition was also rejected. Then the etymological definition,
psychology is study of mind. This definition is rejected because
there are various concepts of mind. Mind does not exist, brain does.
2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi
Psychology:- Meaning & Definition
 Next, Mac-Duggal state, psychology was defined ‘as a science of
consciousness’. Consciousness here reference or means only the
present or the behavior in relationship to the present situation. The
question arises that is life governed only by the present? is past
nothing? is a future of no consciousness? and there are people who
do not believe in present. Consciousness also mean one's own
activity- and no thoughts of others this definition being narrow has
been rejected. Latest and most acceptable definition of psychology is
accepted in 1912 that, 'study of human behavior and experience'. The
chief supporters of this definition are James Watson, Woodworth,
Crow and Crow, Skinner and Munn.
 Psychology is a science of behavior. behavior is external. It is a
response to stimuli present in the environment. It is manifest
activity, can be seen by people and includes both normal and
abnormal behavior. It is individual's personal experience, is internal,
may hide his feelings, Psychology studies these experience also.
Hence psychology is a science of behavior and experience or study of
the individuals activities in relationship to his environment.
2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi
Basis of Psychology
 Hence the psychology is based on following factors:-
S-O-R
Stimulus - Object - Response.
उद्दीपक – प्रयतक्त – प्रवतवक्रया
2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi
Branches of Psychology
 Branches of psychology
 1. General or normal psychology( सामान्य मानसशास्त्र) :- deals with normal
people - his thinking, learning, sensation, perception etc.
 2. Abnormal psychology ( अपसामान्य मानसशास्त्र ):- is that branch which
deals with mental illness - its causes symptoms, type and treatment. People
who specialized in this field are known as Psychotherapist Clinical
Psychologist etc.
 3. Experimental psychology( प्रायोवगक मानसशास्त्र ):- it is because of this
branch that the subject has been declared science. It deals with laboratory
testing of various hypothesis put forward from time to time. First
psychology laboratory was opened in 1879 by William Wundt at Leipzig in
Germany.
 4. Social psychology ( सामावजक मानसशास्त्र ):- studies an individual in
society - his fashions, fades, prejudices, attitude, leadership, group
cohesion etc.
 5. Industrial Psychology / Applied Psychology (औद्योवगक / उपयोवजत
मानसशास्त्र ):- deals with the workers in the factories and their behavior,
accidents, Maladjustment, job analysis etc.
 6. Developmental psychology ( ववकासात्मक मानसशास्त्र ):- deals with a
human being from conception through various stages of his death.
Development of various aspects like physical, emotional, social, language,
motor etc.
2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi
Branches of Psychology
 7. Comparative psychology: ( ततलनात्मक मानसशास्त्र )- deals with
behavior of the man and animals in a comparative manner.
 8. Physiological psychology (शरीरवक्रया मानसशास्त्र ) :- deals with the
physical functioning of glands and various parts of the body in
various situations.
 9. Mathematical psychology ( गवणतीय मानसशास्त्र ) :- new branch
applications of mathematics in psychology quantifying human
behavior.
 10. Educational psychology (शैक्षवणक मानसशास्त्र ):- deals with
learning and teaching, behavior in classroom and school.
 11. Criminal psychology ( गतन्हेगारीचे मानसशास्त्र ) :- deals with the
criminals and their behavior.
 12. Sports psychology ( क्रीडा मानसशास्त्र ):- is the applied branch of
psychology in which various psychological laws and principles are
used in the field of sports. In other words sports psychology is the
applied science of behavior of those involved in sports.
 13. Child Psychology ( बाल मानसशास्त्र ) :- deals with behavior of
infants, babyhood, childhood in various situations like at home
school with peers etc.
2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi

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Psychology, Meaning & Definitions & scope

  • 1. Psychology:- Meaning & Definition मानसशास्त्र:- अर्थ व व्याख्या  Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi Professor & Head MSM’s College of Physical Education, Aurangabad 2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi
  • 2. मानसशास्त्र  सायकी + लोगस  Psyche + Logos  मन / आत्मा + अभ्यास (टॉक ऑफ)  सवथसाधारणपणे 2300 वर्ाथपूवी पाश्चात्त्य देशात मानसशास्त्र हे एक शास्त्र म्हणून उदयास आले. त्याकाळी आत्मा, मन यासंबंधीचे काही ववचार तत्वज्ञान या ववद्याशाखेमध्ये मांडले जात असत. अर्ाथतच ही सवथ मांडणी तत्त्ववचंतनावर अशी होती.  र्ोर ग्रीक शास्त्रज्ञ ॲररस्टॉटल यांनी 'डी एनेमा' (About Soul )या नावाचा ग्रंर् वलवहला. येर्ूनच मानसशास्त्राचा उदय होण्यास प्रारंभ झाला. मानसशास्त्र या शब्दाचा उपयोग प्रर्मता 1576 साली करण्यात आला. डी एनेमा या ग्रंर्ाला मानसशास्त्रातील एक आद्यग्रंर् म्हणून मान्यता वमळाली. या ग्रंर्ात आत्म्या ववर्यीचे वववेचन आढळू न येते. याच ववचारातून मानसशास्त्र ही ववद्येची वेगळी शाखा गणली गेली. 2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi
  • 3. मानसशास्त्र:- अर्थ व व्याख्या  मानसशास्त्राची पवहली व्याख्या "आत्म्याचे शास्त्र म्हणजे मानसशास्त्र". "As a science of soul“ अशी करण्यात आली. आत्म्याचे शरीरातील वनवश्चत स्र्ान कोणते यावर बरीच वचवकत्सा करण्यात आली. मानसशास्त्र एक शास्त्र आहे, असे समजले गेले तर शास्त्र हे अववनाशी, वचदृप व वदसण्याऱ्या गोष्ींवर, वस्तंबद्दल वववेचन करते. परंतत आत्मा म्हणजे काय? तो जड आहे की वचदृप आहे? ववनाशी आहे की अववनाशी आहे? याचे शरीरातील स्र्ान कोणते आहे? असे अनेक प्रश्न समोर आले. पररणामतः मानसशास्त्राची दतसरी व्याख्या यातूनच पतढे आली, ती म्हणजे मनाचे शास्त्र म्हणजे मानसशास्त्र होय.  'Psychology is a science of mind'. पवहल्या व्याख्येप्रमाणे याही व्याख्याने अनेक प्रश्न समोर आले. यावर काही ऋर्ी-मतनींनी मन म्हणजे, "जो ववचार करते ते", मन भासते वदसत नाही, अशा प्रकारचा तोकडा प्रयत्न क े ला गेला. परंतत यापेक्षा अवधक शास्त्रशतद्ध प्रयत्न मॅक- ड ू ग्गल यांनी क े लेला वदसून येतो. "मानसशास्त्र हे मानवी मनाचे अनतभव वमवित वणथनात्मक अनतभवांचे शास्त्र आहे", अशी व्याख्या क े ली. 2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi
  • 4. मानसशास्त्र:- अर्थ व व्याख्या  एकोवणसाव्या शतकामध्ये अवधक शास्त्रशतद्ध प्रयत्न भौवतकशास्त्राच्या ववकासामतळे होऊ लागला. याच काळात शारीररक शास्त्राचाही ववकास होऊ लागला. एक महत्त्वपूणथ घटना 1879 या साली घडली. ववल्यम उंट या मानसशास्त्रज्ञाने जमथनी येर्ील वलपवझक या ववद्यापीठात मानसशास्त्रची पवहली प्रयोगशाळा स्र्ापन क े ली. या प्रयोगशाळे त संवेदन (Sensation) भावना (Feelings), ववचार ( Thinking), संकल्पना (Concept) या ववववध ववर्यांवर प्रयोग करण्यास सतरुवात क े ली या सवथ गोष्ी आंतररक अनतभवावर अवलंबून आहेत यातून ववल्यम उंट (William Wundt) यांनी मानसशास्त्राची नवीन व्याख्या पतढे आणली "बोधावस्र्ा चा अभ्यास करणारे शास्त्र म्हणजे मानसशास्त्र."it's a science of consciousness".  1879 साला पासूनच मानसशास्त्राला शास्त्र म्हणून मान्यता वमळाली, ती प्रायोवगक पद्धतीने या शाखेमध्ये अभ्यास करण्याची पद्धत सतरु झाल्यामतळे . बोधावस्र्ेचा प्रत्यय प्रत्येकास आला पण वसग्मंड फ्राईड (Sigmund Freud) यांनी मनोववश्लेर्ण शास्त्राच्या संशोधनामतळे मानवी वतथन हे बोधावस्र्ेतील ववचार, ववकार यावर वजतक े अवलंबून असते, त्याहीपेक्षा ते मनाच्या गतढ, अबोध भावना -वासनांवर अवधक अवलंबून असते हे स्पष् होऊ लागले. त्यामतळे मानसशास्त्राच्या कक्षेमध्ये बोधावस्र्ेच्या जोडीला अबोधावस्र्ेचाही समावेश होऊ लागला. यामतळे ववल्यम उंट यांची व्याख्याही मागे पडली. आवण 1912 साली जेम्स वॅटसन, वूडवर्थ, क्रो अंड क्रो ,स्किनर मन यांनी क े लेली मानसशास्त्राची व्याख्या सवथमान्य ठरली. ती अशी, "मानव व मानवेतर प्राण्यांच्या वतथनाचा अभ्यास करणारे शास्त्र म्हणजे मानसशास्त्र होय". 2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi
  • 5. Psychology:- Meaning & Definition  Psychology as a subject is as old as Aristotle, but as a science it is a very young. It was only in 1879 declared as a science. Psychology was earlier studied as the part of philosophy and now it has acquired its own status. Psychology word was first used in the year 1576. it is derived from Greek word 'Psyche' and 'logy'  'Psyche' means mind and 'Logy' means talk of or science of. Hence psychology means science of mind. This definition is studied as a part of historical evolution of the definition which is current and modern. Earlier definition of psychology was study of 'man inside man' but critic on this is nobody has seen 'man inside man' and we say psychology is a science and science is exclusively blend of proof.  Hence this definition was abandoned. Next, Psychology was defined as a study of soul. and same as above said, nobody has seen soul, weighed or touched and place of soul is unknown. Hence this definition was also rejected. Then the etymological definition, psychology is study of mind. This definition is rejected because there are various concepts of mind. Mind does not exist, brain does. 2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi
  • 6. Psychology:- Meaning & Definition  Next, Mac-Duggal state, psychology was defined ‘as a science of consciousness’. Consciousness here reference or means only the present or the behavior in relationship to the present situation. The question arises that is life governed only by the present? is past nothing? is a future of no consciousness? and there are people who do not believe in present. Consciousness also mean one's own activity- and no thoughts of others this definition being narrow has been rejected. Latest and most acceptable definition of psychology is accepted in 1912 that, 'study of human behavior and experience'. The chief supporters of this definition are James Watson, Woodworth, Crow and Crow, Skinner and Munn.  Psychology is a science of behavior. behavior is external. It is a response to stimuli present in the environment. It is manifest activity, can be seen by people and includes both normal and abnormal behavior. It is individual's personal experience, is internal, may hide his feelings, Psychology studies these experience also. Hence psychology is a science of behavior and experience or study of the individuals activities in relationship to his environment. 2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi
  • 7. Basis of Psychology  Hence the psychology is based on following factors:- S-O-R Stimulus - Object - Response. उद्दीपक – प्रयतक्त – प्रवतवक्रया 2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi
  • 8. Branches of Psychology  Branches of psychology  1. General or normal psychology( सामान्य मानसशास्त्र) :- deals with normal people - his thinking, learning, sensation, perception etc.  2. Abnormal psychology ( अपसामान्य मानसशास्त्र ):- is that branch which deals with mental illness - its causes symptoms, type and treatment. People who specialized in this field are known as Psychotherapist Clinical Psychologist etc.  3. Experimental psychology( प्रायोवगक मानसशास्त्र ):- it is because of this branch that the subject has been declared science. It deals with laboratory testing of various hypothesis put forward from time to time. First psychology laboratory was opened in 1879 by William Wundt at Leipzig in Germany.  4. Social psychology ( सामावजक मानसशास्त्र ):- studies an individual in society - his fashions, fades, prejudices, attitude, leadership, group cohesion etc.  5. Industrial Psychology / Applied Psychology (औद्योवगक / उपयोवजत मानसशास्त्र ):- deals with the workers in the factories and their behavior, accidents, Maladjustment, job analysis etc.  6. Developmental psychology ( ववकासात्मक मानसशास्त्र ):- deals with a human being from conception through various stages of his death. Development of various aspects like physical, emotional, social, language, motor etc. 2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi
  • 9. Branches of Psychology  7. Comparative psychology: ( ततलनात्मक मानसशास्त्र )- deals with behavior of the man and animals in a comparative manner.  8. Physiological psychology (शरीरवक्रया मानसशास्त्र ) :- deals with the physical functioning of glands and various parts of the body in various situations.  9. Mathematical psychology ( गवणतीय मानसशास्त्र ) :- new branch applications of mathematics in psychology quantifying human behavior.  10. Educational psychology (शैक्षवणक मानसशास्त्र ):- deals with learning and teaching, behavior in classroom and school.  11. Criminal psychology ( गतन्हेगारीचे मानसशास्त्र ) :- deals with the criminals and their behavior.  12. Sports psychology ( क्रीडा मानसशास्त्र ):- is the applied branch of psychology in which various psychological laws and principles are used in the field of sports. In other words sports psychology is the applied science of behavior of those involved in sports.  13. Child Psychology ( बाल मानसशास्त्र ) :- deals with behavior of infants, babyhood, childhood in various situations like at home school with peers etc. 2/17/2024 Prof. Dr. Makarand Joshi