Depression is a common illness worldwide, with an estimated 3.8% of the population affected, including 5.0% among adults and 5.7% among adults older than 60 years.
Depression is a common illness worldwide, with an estimated 3.8% of the population affected, including 5.0% among adults and 5.7% among adults older than 60 years.
Chief compliant(CC) Joshuas hyperactive and attentional difficultJinElias52
Chief compliant(CC) Joshua's hyperactive and attentional difficulties have been exhibited both at school and at home.
HISTORY: Joshua is a Hispanic or Latino 10-year-old boy. This evaluation was requested because
mother is worried about patient's aggressive behavior toward his younger brother and ADHD
symptoms. Mother report that patient was diagnosed at age 6 by pediatrician with ADHD,
medication was started at that time (mother unable to remember name) until age 9. Mother stopped
administering medication because it caused decrease appetite, insomnia and weight loss. Patient
is not currently taking any medication at this time.
Behavior Described In:
Symptoms/ behavior Joshua exhibits symptoms of inattention. He reports difficulty sustaining attention. His mind
wanders or he forgets. He does not seem to listen when spoken to directly. He often needs
directions repeated. Joshua is easily distracted by noises. by the radio. by other people. Joshua
needs supervision or frequent redirection. He has a short attention span.
Joshua exhibits signs of hyperactivity. He exhibits restlessness or fidgety behavior. This
behavior is evident during school hours. He tends to frequently leave his seat. He is
easily bored and changes activities frequently. Joshua 's excessive movement has been noted. He
is fidgety or squirms when required to sit still for a period of time. He frequently jumps or climbs.
Joshua exhibits signs of impulsive behavior. He frequently interrupts others. He often acts
in a reckless manner. He has difficulty accepting limits.
Joshua has other exhibited symptoms.
He exhibits stubborn or willful behavior.
EXAM: Joshua appears flat, inattentive, distracted, normal weight, He exhibits speech that is
normal in rate, volume, and articulation and is coherent and spontaneous. Language skills are
intact. Affect is appropriate, full range, and congruent with mood. Associations are intact and
logical. There are no apparent signs of hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behaviors, or other
indicators of psychotic process. Associations are intact, thinking is logical, and thought content
appears appropriate. Suicidal ideas or intentions are denied. Homicidal ideas or intentions are
denied. There are signs of anxiety. A short attention span is evident. Judgment appears to be
poor. Insight into problems appears to be poor. He is easily distracted. Joshua is restless. Joshua is
fidgety. There is physical hyperactivity. Joshua displayed defiant behavior during the examination.
Joshua made poor eye contact during the examination. Vocabulary and fund of knowledge indicate
cognitive functioning in the normal range. Cognitive functioning and fund of knowledge are intact
and age appropriate. Short- and long-term memory are intact, as is ability to abstract and do
Assignment 2: Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation and Patient Case Presentation
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1. CASE PRESNTATION
for
Diploma in Community Mental Health
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA
Junior Resident
Dept. of Community Medicine
Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi-221005
CIP Digital Academy
2. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Name: Mr. U
Age: 25years
Gender: Male
Religion: Hindu
Marital Status: Married
• Education: BA
• Occupation: Salesman
• Socioeconomic status: Middle
• Place: Chiraigao, Varanasi
• Informants: Self and Mother
3. CHIEF COMPLAINTS
Easy fatigability x 4 months
Sadness of mood x 3 months
Decreased sleep x 3 months
Decreased appetite x 3 months
Decreased social interaction x 2 months
Loss of interest in pleasurable activities x 2 months
Ideas of guilt x 2 months
4. PRESENTING PROBLEMS
• Onset : Acute
• Course : Continuous
• Duration: 3-4 months
• Predisposing factor : Family history of depressive disorder
• Precipitating Factors : Quarrel or argument with his wife
• Perpetuating factors : Wife is not taking care
5. • Patient was apparently asymptomatic 6 months back when he got married.
• His wife is a housewife and she is not well versed with household chores.
• He felt stressed due to his allegation that his wife is not taking care of him
and that his wife comments on his mother.
HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS
6. Decreased sleep:
• He developed difficulty in sleep initiation and maintenance.
• He falls asleep after 1-2 hours of lying in bed and his sleep was
disturbed frequently due to thinking of daily happenings at home.
• He wakes up several times during the night.
• He could hardly sleep for 4 hours in a day as compared to his previous
sleep of 6-7 hours.
HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 6
7. Decreased appetite:
• He lost his appetite and ate only 2-3 roti compared
to his previous appetite of eating 6 roti per day.
• He ate only on repeated persuasion of his mother.
HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 7
8. Sadness of mood:
• He started remaining sad and gloomy all day.
• He did not like talking to family members particularly his wife.
• He did not like to go to work (salesman in a grocery shop)
Easy fatigability:
• He felt tired the whole day and easily got tired after working for a while.
• He preferred lying in bed whenever he could spare time.
HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 8
9. Decreased social interaction:
• He did not like talking to his brother or sister over phone.
Loss of interest in pleasurable activities:
• He lost interest in watching television and stopped
playing badminton with friends.
• He preferred sitting idle.
• He did not like going out for walk with his dog.
HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 9
10. Ideas of guilt:
• He started regretting because his father started asking about his
irregularities in his daily work.
• He felt cornered because his father was repeatedly comparing
him with his friends.
HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 10
11. • He was brought to Psychiatry OPD in BHU 1month back (after a neighbour asked them
to consult) for the above complaints and he was started on treatment.
• Now he is brought for follow up after 1 month and is admitted in Psychiatry ward for
further management.
• Treatment given:
TREATMENT HISTORY
Drug name Dose
1)T. ESCITALOPRAM
2)T. CLONAZEPAM
20mg/day
0.5mg/day
Overall compliance to treatment is adequate
No h/o of any significant side effects
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 11
12. No H/O diabetes/ HTN/ T.B./ prolong fever /seizure/mass lesion affecting CNS
No H/O increase talk/ over-expenditure
No H/O over-generosity/ over-religiosity / over-planning
No H/O suspiciousness, hearing of voices
No H/O thoughts being heard aloud loud/ mutism /incoherence
NEGATIVE HISTORY
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 12
13. No significant history of any psychiatric illness in the past
PAST HISTORY
PAST MEDICAL & SURGICAL HISTORY
No significant medical & surgical history
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 13
14. FAMILY HISTORY
Family of Origin Family of In-Laws
32 years
Married
Intermediate
28 years
Married
Intermediate
25 years
Married
BA
23 years
Married
Housewife
19 years
Unmarried
Graduate
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 14
15. Type of family : Nuclear
No of family members : 5
Family concept about illness: His family
members think that he is very shy,
sensitive and his tolerance of stress is low.
Family stress : Nil (as per respondent)
Substance abuse :Nil
Living arrangement : Family lives in a
pucca house in Chiraigao
FAMILY HISTORY
Head of family : Patient’s father
Chief caregiver in family : Patient’s
mother
Chief decision maker : Patient’s father
Chief earning member in family: Father
Father has H/O depressive disorder
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 15
16. Birth history: (from his mother)
• Patient was born at 9 months by normal vaginal delivery.
• Cried immediately after birth.
• All milestones were attained at right time .
Childhood history:
• No h/s/o hyperactivity, inattention, impulsivity, repeated bullying other
children, stealing, lying, disobedience
Academic:
• Started schooling at 3.5 years of age and education continued till BA.
• Patient was an average student & didn’t get complaints from his teachers.
PERSONAL HISTORY
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 16
17. Average built.
Conscious and co-operative
for the examination.
BP- 134/84 mmHg
Pulse- 92 beats/min
GENERAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Afebrile
Weight-56kg
Height-168cm
BMI-19.84kg/m2
No PICCLE
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 17
18. No Abnormality Detected in examination of;
• Cardio-Vascular System
• Respiratory System
• GI System (per abdomen)
• Central Nervous System
SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 18
19. 1. General Appearance and Behavior:
• A young male of average built with normal gait & posture.
• Face looks fatigued, dull and downward.
• He was properly groomed & dressed.
• Hygiene was adequate.
• He was calm & co-operative throughout the interview
• He was well oriented to time, place & person.
• Eye to Eye contact established but not sustained.
• He feels shy to answer questions.
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 19
20. 2. Speech:
• Non-spontaneous
• Coherent
• Relevant
• Goal directed
3.1. Mood: “sad”
3.2. Affect: “sad”
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION
Quantity
Rate
Volume
Tone
Reaction Time
decreased
decreased
decreased
Normal
Increased
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 20
21. 4. Thought:
• Stream : decreased flow
• Form : NAD
• Possession of thought : NAD
• Content : Filled with complaints
• Impression : Ideas of guilt
5. Perception: Hallucination or illusion could not be elicited
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 21
22. 6. Cognitive Function:
• Orientation: patient was oriented to time, place and person.
• Attention & Concentration : Arousable and sustained.
• Memory: Immediate, recent and remote memory are intact.
• Intelligence:
o Arithmetic: good skill (salesman)
o Comprehension: intact
• Adequate abstract thinking
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 22
23. 7. Judgement: Patient behaviour in Personals ,Social & Test are intact
8. Insight: Present
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 23
24. A young married male belonging to Hindu middle class nuclear family with no significant
past psychiatric history and with Family H/O father having depressive disorder presented
with following complaints with total duration of illness for 3-4 months. The complaints
were acute in onset with continuous course characterised by decreased sleep, decreased
appetite, sadness of mood, loss of interest, anhedonia, easy fatigability, ideas of guilt.
Speech –Q/V/R decreased with increased RT
Affect is sad restricted, Thought content suggestive of ideas of guilt
Oriented to time/place/person, attention and concentration are arousable and sustained,
memory intact, average intelligence, abstract thinking, judgement intact, Insight is present.
CASE SUMMARY
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 24
25. Moderate depression
PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Adjustment disorder with moderate depression
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 25
26. • Evaluate the patient with some
baseline investigations:
CBC
RBS
LFT
RFT
Serum electrolytes
Thyroid function test
MANAGEMENT
• Detailed general and systemic
examination of the patient
• HAM-D scale
• Treatment:
T. ESCITALOPRAM (10mg /day)
T. CLONAZEPAM (0.5mg) HS
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 26
27. • Psychoeducation to the patient and his family members
• Address current psychosocial stressor or the relationship difficulties
• Reactive social networks like family gathering ,outing with friends
• Structure physical activity for 45 min/day for 3 times/week
• Regular follow up in-person or by phone for re-assessing the improvement
NON PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT
Dr. IMMANUEL JOSHUA (BHU) 27