This document provides an overview of various classes of psychedelic and hallucinogenic drugs, including their mechanisms of action, sources, effects, and historical uses. It discusses anticholinergic psychedelics like scopolamine found in plants like deadly nightshade. It also covers catecholamine-like drugs like mescaline and MDMA, serotonin-like drugs like LSD, psilocybin, and DMT found in magic mushrooms. The document outlines glutaminergic NMDA receptor antagonists like PCP and ketamine, as well as the opioid kappa receptor agonist salvinorin A. It briefly mentions date rape drugs such as GHB, ketamine, and flunitrazepam.

1. Psychedelics and Hallucinogens Acetylcholine Psychedelics Catecholamine-like Serotonin-like Anesthetics/Club Drugs

2. Definitions Hallucinogen Psychotomimetic Phantasticum or Psychedelic Entactogens

3. Classification of Psychedelic Drugs Anticholinergic Scopalamine Catecholamine Like Mescaline Ecstacy(MDMA) Myristin, Elemicin Serotonin Like LSD DMT Psilocybin, Psilocin, Bufotenine Oliluiqui Harmine

4. Classification of Psychedelic Drugs continued Glutaminergic NMDA Phencyclidine (PCP) Ketamine (Ketalar) Dextromethorphan Opioid Kappa Receptor Agonist Salvinorin A

5. Anticholinergic Psychedelics ACh receptor blockers Scopolamine Hyoscyamine Peripheral Nervous System Anticholinergic Syndrome

6. Plant Sources of ACh Psychedelics Solanaceae , family of potato and tomato Atropa belladonna , deadly nightshade Datura stramonium , jimsonweed Mandragora officinarum, mandrake Toxic Doses “ Hot as a hare, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hen!”

7. Catecholamine-like psychedelics Looks like the catecholamine NTs Norepinephrine and dopamine Cocaine and amphetamine, but they have additional CH3-O (methoxy) groups which confers the psychedelic properties. Alphabet Soup! DOM, MDMA, MMDA etc. Catecholamine agonists complex dance between DA, 5HT Psychedelic effects from the augmentation of serotonin neurotransmission

8. Agents Mescaline Peyote Cactus Administration Natural form Teas, capsules Prodrome N/V/D, abd pain SANS stimulation T1/2 6 hours Renal elimination Effects Hallucinations Break from reality Emotional breakdown

9. Synthetic Derivatives Designer Drugs Designer Drugs MDMA/Ecstasy Administration Crystalline powder Tea or capsules Effects n/v/d abdom pain SANS stimul T 1/2 = 6 hours Serotonin Neurotox

10. Myristin and Elemicin What are these? Administration Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Adverse Effects

12. The Discovery of LSD Ergotism Atropa Belladonna Lysergic Acid

13. Serotonin-like Psychedelics Acid, Cubes, Purple Haze Injected, swallowed tabs/blotter paper CNS Effects Onset 20 minutes HTN, dilated pupils, hyperthermia, tachycardia, enhanced alertness Psychoactive Effects Onset 1-2 hr Heightened perceptions, distortions of the body, visual hallucinations Mood unpredictable

14. LSD Experiences LSD Psychosis Toxic delirium Flashbacks 15-77% Bad Trip Treatment Talk down Medications

15. Psilocybin Magic or Mexican Mushrooms Serotonin-like psychedelics Hallucinogens, Schedule I Shorter duration Onset 30-60 min Duration 5-6 hrs Effects Mood Physical

16. Religious Rituals

17. Is Toad-Licking an Urban Legend? Orally administered bufotenine is not hallucinogenic Does not cross the BBB 5-methoxyDMT, found in Bufo alvarius rather than Bufo marinus Hallucinogenic when smoked. Bufotenine: Highly toxic Reported psychedelic effects may be due to peripheral toxicity

18. Glutaminergic NMDA Receptor Antagonists PCP - Phencyclidine (Sernyl/Sernylan) & Ketamine (Ketalar) PCP, angel dust, crystal, dust Pharmacokinetics Smoked, inhaled, injected, swallowed Pharmacodynamics

19. Effects Psychological NMDA-glutamate complex: Slurred speech, blurred vision Impaired perception, memory Confusion, agitation, aggression Violent psychosis Dissociation State Toxicity Treatment of Intoxication

20. Dextromethorphan DMX Analgesic Drug of Abuse OTC MOA Effects

21. Opioid Kappa Receptor Agonist Magic Mint Salvinorin A Pharmacokinetics Administration Pharmacodynamics Psychospiritual Awakening

22. Date Rape Drugs GHB Gamma hydroxy butyrate Liquid ecstacy Ketamine Special K Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) The Forget Pill The Coaster!