hallucinogens types and mode of action

1. Hallucinogens
Presented by
Muhammad Yasir
Raza
MSCP02193011

2. Outline
 Definition of hallucinogens
 Classification of hallucinogens
 Slang names
 Harmful effects of hallucinogens
 Types of hallucinations
 Details of different hallucinogens

3. Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens are a group of drugs that have the
capacity to alter perceptual, cognitive, and emotional
states. They can alter consciousness in profound
and bizarre ways.
Hallucinogens are divided into four
classes: serotonergic hallucinogens,
methylated amphetamines,
anticholinergic hallucinogens, and
dissociative
anesthetics

4. Serotonergic hallucinogens include the synthetic
compound LSD and related drugs, such as mescaline
(from the peyote cactus) and psilocybin (from certain
mushrooms), along with many other less well known
compounds. All produce vivid visual hallucinations and a
variety of other effects on consciousness. They also
have in common the action of influencing serotonin
transmission in the brain
Methylated amphetamines include MDA and MDMA
(ecstacy). They are structurally related to
amphetamines and produce alterations in mood and
consciousness with little or no sensory change. They
act like amphetamine and cocaine on dopamine,
norepinephrine, and serotonin synapses

5. Anticholinergic hallucinogens include drugs like
atropine and scopolamine found in plants such as
mandrake, henbane, belladonna, and jimson weed.
These drugs produce a dreamlike trance where the
user awakens with little or no memory of the
experience.
The fourth class of hallucinogens, referred to as the
dissociative anesthetics, include phencyclidine (PCP
or angel dust) and the related compound ketamine.
They have the ability to produce surgical anesthesia
while the individual remains at least semiconscious

6. Street Names/Slang
Names
● Acid
● Battery Acid
● Looney Toons
● Tab
● Dots
● Purple Heart

7. Classificatio
n
● CNS depressants.

8. Chemicals
● Depending on the drug it has different
chemicals.
● Almost all hallucinogens contain nitrogen
and are therefore classified as alkaloids.
● Many hallucinogens have chemical struct
ures similar to those of human
neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, and
temporarily modify the action of
neurotransmitters and/or receptor sites.

9. Harmful effects
● It messes with what you see and make you
see things that are not there.

10. Effects on Nervous System
It changes your state of mind
Effects on Cardiovascular
SystemIt makes your heart race and could
go into cardiac arrest
Gas is a side effect.
Effects on Digestive
System

11. Effects of Respiratory
System
You can go into respiratory arrest.
Mixing with Alcohol
It can give you a euphoric high.

12. Effects on family
● It can ruin your family and social life. You
will slowly lose friends and loved ones.

13. TYPES OF
HALLUCINATION
CHARACTERI
STICS
OBSERVAB
LE BEHAV IOR
AUDITORY
•Hearingnoises or
sounds most
commonly in the
form of voice
•Moving eye back
and forth as if
looking to see who
or what is talking
VISUAL
•Sees a person or
object that is not
present
•Visions can be
pleasant or terrifying
as in seeing
monsters
•Suddenly
running into
another room

14. TYPES OF
HALLUCINATION
CHARACTERISTI
CS
OBSERVA
BLE
BEHAVIOR
GUSTATORY
•Experiences a
taste
that is not present and
frequently is
bitter
or
strong
•Spitting out food
or a beverage.
•Refusing to
eat, drink or
take medicines
TACTILE
•Experiences the
feeling of a touch.
•Feeling electrical
sensations coming
from the ground,
inanimate objects or
other people
•Slapping self as
if putting out a
fire

15. Psychedelic
Psychotogenic
Psychotomimetic
Synonyms
Drugs which
causes
hallucinations
Drug which alter mood, behavior, thought and
perception
• Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
• Lysergic acid amide
• Psilocybin
• Mescaline
• Cannabinoids

16. How do hallucinogens affect
the brain?
Interfere with the action
of the brain chemical
serotonin, which
regulates:
•mood
•sensory perception
•sleep
•hunger
•body temperature
•muscle control
Interfere with the action of the
brain chemical glutamate,
which regulates:
•pain perception
•responses to
the
environment
•emotion
•learning and
memory
Partially work by temporarily disrupting communication
between brain chemical systems throughout brain and
spinal cord.

17. LS
D
•Lysergic acid diethylamine
•Most potent hallucinogen
•mood-changing chemical
•found in the ergot fungus that grows on rye
•25-50µg produces all effect
•Pharmacology of LSD is indeed quite
complex so its mechanisms of action remain
unclear

18. Lysergic acid amide
• Relative of LSD but 10 times less potent
•Found in morning glory (Ipomoea violace)
seeds

19. Psilocybi
n
•Found in Mexican
mushroom (Psilocybe
mexicana)
•also known as Magical mushroom
•Mainly interacts with 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A
and
5-HT2C receptor subtypes
Synonyms • Shrooms
• Magic
mushrooms
• Sacred
mushrooms

20. Mescaline•From Mexican “Lophophora
williamsii”
•Low potency
hallucinogen
•Phenylalkylamine

22. Cannabinoids
•Used in various forms like
 Bhang – dried leaves
 Ganja - dried female
infloresence
 Charas – dried resinous extract
•Found fromCannabis
indica