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The ecliptic is the plane of Earth's orbit around the sun. The inclination is the angle between the ecliptic and the plane of a planet or satellite's orbit. Earth's seasons are caused by its 23.5 degree axial tilt relative to its orbital plane around the sun (obliquity), not by changes in Earth's distance from the sun. During summer in the northern hemisphere, the north pole leans toward the sun, causing longer days and warmer temperatures, while winter occurs when the north pole leans away from the sun.
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3) The document covers the six main gas laws - Boyle's law, Charles' law, Gay-Lussac's law, Avogadro's law, the combined gas law and the ideal gas law - and provides examples of how to use each one.
AP Physics 2 - Hydrostatics
This document provides an overview of fluid mechanics and hydrostatics. It defines the different states of matter, density, and fluids. Key concepts explained include pressure, hydrostatic pressure, pressure variations with depth, closed systems, Pascal's principle, buoyancy, and Archimedes' principle. Examples are provided to illustrate these fluid mechanics concepts.
Simple Harmonic Motion
Simple harmonic motion describes back-and-forth motion caused by a restoring force proportional to displacement from equilibrium. Springs obey Hooke's law, where force is proportional to displacement. The period of a spring or pendulum undergoing simple harmonic motion can be determined from its total energy and amplitude or from equations relating displacement to velocity in circular motion.
Mercury Venus Mars
1. A planetary magnetic field is created by metallic material in a planet's core and fluid motion within the core as the planet rapidly rotates.
2. A magnetic field protects a planet from having its atmosphere stripped away by solar winds.
3. Mercury has no atmosphere, a very weak magnetic field, temperatures that vary greatly between day and night, and an elliptical orbit.
AP Physics 1&2 Impulse and Momentum
This document discusses impulse, momentum, and collisions in physics. It defines impulse as equal to momentum and discusses how impulse is the area under a force-time graph. Collisions are analyzed using the principles that momentum is conserved unless an external force acts, and that equal and opposite forces during a collision lead to equal impulses and momentums between colliding objects. Several examples calculate momentum and velocity values before and after collisions.
Unit 6: Weather
This document provides an overview of weather-related concepts including pressure systems, wind patterns, fronts, clouds, and severe weather. It explains that low pressure is associated with rising air and cloudy weather while high pressure brings sinking air and calm conditions. The Coriolis effect causes winds to turn due to the Earth's rotation, resulting in circulation around pressure centers. Different types of fronts like cold fronts and warm fronts introduce new air masses with changing wind and temperature. Clouds form through condensation as air rises and cools. Severe weather occurs when normal weather is amplified in strength.
Ap physics -_circular_motion
1) Circular motion involves an object moving in a circle with constant speed but changing velocity direction. The velocity is always tangent to the circle while the acceleration points toward the center and is known as centripetal acceleration.
2) Centripetal force provides the necessary centripetal acceleration to cause an object to travel in a circular path and must be present to overcome the object's inertia. This force is proportional to the mass of the object and the square of its velocity.
3) Examples demonstrate calculating centripetal acceleration and force for objects moving in circular motion, including the minimum coefficient of static friction needed to keep an object rotating on a record and determining the radius of a synchronous satellite orbiting Venus.
Earth As A Planet
The document discusses key facts about Earth as a planet:
- It is the densest planet in the solar system and has unique features like plate tectonics, liquid water, and life.
- Earth's internal structure includes an inner and outer core of iron and nickel and a mantle of iron-rich minerals. Both temperature and pressure increase with depth.
- Plate tectonics, which causes continents to slowly drift over millions of years, is responsible for major surface features and the three main rock types.
- Earth's atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen and oxygen and is divided into layers, with temperature decreasing in the troposphere but increasing in the stratosphere.
Origin of the moon!
The document discusses theories about the origin of the Moon. The main theories are that the Moon was formed from being torn away from the Earth (fission), formed at the same time as the Earth (co-creation), was captured after forming as its own planet, or formed from debris after a large impact between the Earth and another planet. The favored theory is that the Moon formed from debris blasted into orbit around Earth after a massive impact between the proto-Earth and a Mars-sized planet around 4.5 billion years ago.
PAp physics 1&2_-_projectile_motion
This document discusses projectile motion in physics. It defines a projectile as any object projected by some means that continues to move due to its own inertia. Projectiles move in two dimensions and have both horizontal and vertical velocity components. The horizontal component is constant, while the vertical component changes due to gravity. Together these components produce the parabolic trajectory of a projectile. Examples are provided of analyzing the motion of horizontally and vertically launched projectiles using kinematic equations and taking into account the initial velocity components.
Ap physics 12_-_kinematics
This document discusses kinematics and the key variables used to describe motion, including time, acceleration, displacement, initial velocity, final velocity, and acceleration due to gravity. It introduces the three main kinematic equations that can be used to describe motion in detail when acceleration is constant. Examples are provided to demonstrate solving different types of kinematics problems using the appropriate equation.
Ap physics 1 & 2_-_vectors
This document discusses vectors and scalars in physics. It defines a scalar as a quantity that has magnitude but no direction, while a vector has both magnitude and direction. Vectors are represented by arrows to show both magnitude and direction. The document provides examples of applying vectors to problems involving addition, subtraction, and resolving perpendicular components using trigonometry. It demonstrates solving vector problems for displacement, velocity, and other physical quantities.
Ap physics 12_-_graphical_analysis_of_motion
This document discusses using graphs to analyze motion in physics. It introduces slope and area as two basic graph models. Slope represents velocity on a displacement-time graph and acceleration on a velocity-time graph. Area represents displacement on a velocity-time graph and velocity on an acceleration-time graph. The document provides examples of using these models to determine slope, velocity, acceleration, and displacement from various graphs.
AP Physics
This document provides an overview of graphical analysis of motion in one dimension. It discusses key student difficulties in interpreting position-time, velocity-time, and acceleration-time graphs. It then presents examples of qualitative and quantitative analysis of constant velocity and accelerated motion. Sample problems from past AP Physics exams are also included to illustrate the application of graphical analysis techniques.
School Calendar 2014-2015
This document contains information about upcoming community and school events in Monticello, Minnesota for the months of September 2014 through January 2015. It includes details about a Taste of the Towns fundraiser in September, homecoming activities, parent teacher organization meetings, school concerts and conferences, early dismissal dates, and monthly specials at a local Chinese restaurant. The document mixes school calendar information with advertisements and announcements about community events like a Rotary fish fry in March.
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PSunit3notes
- 1. Basic Definitions: Ecliptic Ecliptic - Plane of Earthʼs orbit around the sun. Sometimes also called Ecliptic Plane. 7
- 2. Basic Definitions: Inclination 8 Inclination - Angle between ecliptic and plane of planet (or satellite’s) orbit.
- 3. 9 Inclinations of Planets in the Inner Solar System
- 4. All Planets Are Near the Ecliptic 10 Eris Pluto Ceres
- 5. 11 Saturn Ecliptic From Earthʼs Surface Venus Jupiter Mercury
- 6. Ecliptic From the Far Side of Moon 12
- 7. Basic Definitions: Obliquity 14 Obliquity - Tilt of planetʼs spin axis relative to plane of its orbit around the sun.
- 8. Obliquity of the Planets 17 Earthʼs obliquity is 23.5°
- 9. Obliquity of Other Planets 18 Mercury - 0.1° Venus - 177° Earth - 23° Mars - 25° Jupiter - 3° Saturn - 27° Uranus - 98° Neptune - 30°
- 10. Common Misconceptions about Seasons #1) Many people think seasons on Earth are caused by the change in the distance of Earth from the Sun. In fact, Earth is closer to the sun in January than in July (by about 5 million km). 21
- 11. Earth’s Obliquity Causes Seasons • Affects the length of day and angle of sunlight. 23 June 21 Sept 22 Dec 21 March 20
- 12. 25 Northern Summer Solstice Longest Day
- 13. 28 The Equinoxes 12 Hour Day
- 14. Northern Winter Solstice 29 Shortest Day
- 15. Angle of Sunlight Striking Earth Angle depends on latitude and time of year 32
- 16. Angle of Sunlight Striking Earth Angle depends on latitude and time of year 33
- 17. Earth’s Obliquity Causes Seasons When northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun the resulting shorter days (longer nights) and greater angle of sunlight lead to cooler temperatures (winter). 35
- 18. THE END 36 Precession - The natural tendency of all rotating objects to wobble. The rotational axis of the Earth, and all planets, constantly wobbles. For the Earth, one full precession takes approximately 26,000 years.