Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by thickened patches of red skin covered by silvery scales. It occurs when the immune system causes skin cells to grow too quickly. The document defines psoriasis and describes the main types, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options including topical therapies, phototherapy, and systemic medications that target the immune system. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation and scaling based on the severity and location of symptoms.
Pathophysiology of scabies
Clinical presentation,
Principles of treatment.
Antiscabietic drugs: permethrin, benzyl benzoate, crotamiton,lindane and Ivermectin.
Instruction to patien,t
Clinical problem and
Causes of persistent itching
Pathophysiology of scabies
Clinical presentation,
Principles of treatment.
Antiscabietic drugs: permethrin, benzyl benzoate, crotamiton,lindane and Ivermectin.
Instruction to patien,t
Clinical problem and
Causes of persistent itching
learning objectives : Pathophysiology of Psoriasis
Common sites with pictures
Pharmacotherapy of Psoriasis
Local Drug therapy
Systemic Drug therapy
Biological therapy
Phototherapy
This is a seminar conducted by 4th year medical student under supervision of a lecturer. Sorry for not attaching the references.
Information were from few textbooks, google and also from previous dermatology posting group's seminar.
learning objectives : Pathophysiology of Psoriasis
Common sites with pictures
Pharmacotherapy of Psoriasis
Local Drug therapy
Systemic Drug therapy
Biological therapy
Phototherapy
This is a seminar conducted by 4th year medical student under supervision of a lecturer. Sorry for not attaching the references.
Information were from few textbooks, google and also from previous dermatology posting group's seminar.
Skin Ailments Psoriasis By Dr. Darbha Aneeta
This is part of the HELP Talk series at HELP,Health Education Library for People, the worlds largest free patient education library www.healthlibrary.com.
Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes red, itchy scaly patches, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp. Psoriasis is a common, long-term (chronic) disease with no cure. It tends to go through cycles, flaring for a few weeks or months, then subsiding for a while or going into remission
Archer USMLE step 3 dermatology lecture notes. These lecture notes are samples and are intended for use with Archer video lectures. For video lectures, please log in at http://www.ccsworkshop.com/Pay_Per_View.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
2. INTRODUCTION
Psoriasis is a complex, chronic, multifactorial,
inflammatory disease that involves hyperproliferation
of the keratinocytes in the epidermis, with an increase
in the epidermal cell turnover rate.
A problem with the immune system causes
psoriasis. In a process called cell turnover, skin cells
that grow deep in skin rise to the surface.
3. Environmental, genetic, and immunologic factors
appear to play a role. The disease most commonly
manifests on the skin of the elbows, knees, scalp,
lumbosacral areas, intergluteal clefts, and glans penis.
Some people who have psoriasis also get a form of
arthritis called psoriatic arthritis.
4. DEFINITION
Psoriasis is defined as a persistent skin
disease causes cell to build rapidly on the surface of
the skin, forming thick silvery”scales, itchy,dry and
red patches
5. EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Although psoriasis occurs worldwide, its prevalence varies
considerably.
• In the USA, approximately 2% of the population is affected. High
rates of psoriasis have been reported in people of the Faroe islands,
where one study found 2.8% of the population to be affected.
• The prevalence of psoriasis is low in certain ethnic groups such as
the Japanese, and may be absent in aboriginal Australians and
Indians from South America
6. ETIOLOGY
Idiopathic cause. It can last a long time, even a lifetime. Symptoms
come and go. Some of the factors that may trigger psoriasis are:
Genetic
Infection
Autoimmune reaction Infection
Injury to skin, Dry skin.
Medication:lithium, antimalarial medications, inderal,
indomethacin
Stress
Obesity
smoking
7. CLASSIFICATION
There are several types of psoriasis include
Plaque psoriasis
Guttate psoriasis
Inverse psoriasis
Pustular psoriasis
Erythrodermic psoriasis
Nail psoriasis
Psoriatic arthritis
8. PLAQUE PSORIASIS
It is the most common type
of psoriasis
It is also known as psoriasis-
vulgaris
It is appear as raised,
inflammed,- red skin covered
by silvery patches or scales
Sites :Elbows, Knees,
sacrum,- Scalp, lower back,
Hands andFeet
9. GUTTATE PSORIASIS
Characterized by eruption of
small (0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter)
papules over the upper trunk and
proximal extremities
Streptococcal throat infection
frequently precedes or is
concomitant with the onset or
flare
10. INVERSE PSORIASIS
Localized in the major skin
folds, such as the axilla, the
inguinal and inflammatory
areas and sweating areas
Scaling is usually minimal
or absent, and the lesions
appear glossy, smooth and
bright red.
Its is commonly seen
in obese client.
11. PUSTULAR PSORIASIS
It is usually uncommon but
mostly appear in adult.
It appear as pus filled
lesion surrounded by red
skin.
It appear mostly at hands
and feet.
It is the serious condition
so immediate medical
attention is required.
12. ERYTHRODERMIC PSORIASIS
The disease affects all
body sites
Erythema is the most
prominent feature with
superficial scaling /
peeling that may appear
like burning
Causes: sun burn, allergic
reaction, strong coal
product use
13. NAIL PSORIASIS PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS
Commonly seen along with-
psoriatic arthritis
It appear as a pitting –small-
bit nail, yellow-brown nail,
tender and painful nail with
chalk like debris build up
under nails
This is the condition which
involve both psoriasis and joint
Inflammation
The most distinctive features of
psoriatic arthritis are
Distal interphalangeal joint
arthritis
Dactylitis
14. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Red patches of skin covered with thick, silvery scales.
Small scaling spots (commonly seen in children)
Dry, cracked skin that may bleed.
Itching, burning or soreness.
Thickened, pitted or ridged nails.
Swollen and stiff joints.
16. DIAGNOSIS
Psoriasis can be hard to diagnose because it can look
like other skin diseases.
Collect history
Physical examinations
Skin biopsy : under local- anesthesia
Blood and radiography- test was done to rule out psoriatic
arthritis
17. Lifestyle and home remedies
Take daily baths
Use moisturizer
Expose your skin to small amounts of sunlight.
Avoid drinking alcohol.
Avoid psoriasis triggers eg: Infections, injuries to your
skin, stress, smoking and intense sun exposure can all
worsen psoriasis.
18. TREATMENT
Treatment is based on surface areas of involvement, body
site(s) affected, the presence or absence of arthritis, and the
thickness of the plaques and scale.
Psoriasis treatments reduce inflammation and clear the skin.
Psoriasis treatment is divided into three main type
Topical treatment
Light therapy
systemic medications
20. Drugs Indication
Topical corticosteroids
(triamcinolone
acetonide aqueous
suspension 10 mg/mL
diluted with normal
saline is injected into
the lesion)
To treat mild to moderate psoriasis. It reduce
inflammation and relieve itching and may be
used with other treatments.
Long-term use or overuse of strong
corticosteroids can cause thinning of the skin.
Improvement is usually achieved within 2 to 4
weeks.
Vitamin D analogues.
Calcipotriene
(calcipotriol)
These synthetic forms of vitamin D slow skin
cell growth.
Anthralin (Dritho-
Scalp)
This medication helps slow skin cell growth. It
removes scales and make skin smoother
Topical retinoids
Tazarotene(zar, Zarotex)
These are vitamin A derivatives that may
decrease inflammation. The most common side
effect is skin irritation. These medications may
also increase sensitivity to sunlight
21. Calcineurin inhibitors
Tacrolimus
Pimecrolimus
They inhibit activation of T- cells which
inturn reduces inflammation and plaque
build up. treatment of inverse and facial
psoriasis
Salicylic acid promotes sloughing of dead skin cells and
reduces scaling.
Coal tar coal tar reduces scaling, itching and
inflammation. Coal tar can irritate the skin.
Moisturizers Moisturizing creams alone won't heal psoriasis,
but they can reduce itching, scaling and dryness.
Moisturizers in an ointment base are usually
more effective than are lighter creams and
lotions.
Apply immediately after a bath or shower to
lock in moisture.
22. 2. Light therapy (phototherapy)
This treatment uses natural or artificial ultraviolet light.
The simplest and easiest form of phototherapy involves
exposing your skin to controlled amounts of natural
sunlight.
Other forms of light therapy include the use of artificial
ultraviolet A (UVA) or ultraviolet B (UVB) light, either
alone or in combination with medications.
23. THERAPY INDICATION
Sunlight Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays in sunlight or
artificial light slows skin cell turnover and reduces
scaling and inflammation.
UVB phototherapy Controlled doses of UVB light from an artificial light
source may improve mild to moderate psoriasis
symptoms. Short-term side effects may include
redness, itching and dry skin. Using a moisturizer may
help decrease these side effects.
Narrow band UVB
phototherapy
administered two or three times a week until the skin
improves, and then maintenance may require only
weekly sessions.
Goeckerman therapy Combination of UVB treatment and coal tar treatment,
which is known as Goeckerman treatment. The two
therapies together are more effective than either alone
because coal tar makes skin more receptive to UVB
light.
24. Psoralen plus ultraviolet
A (PUVA)
This form of photochemotherapy involves
taking a light-sensitizing medication
(psoralen) before exposure to UVA light.
UVA light penetrates deeper into the skin
than does UVB light, and psoralen makes the
skin more responsive to UVA exposure. side
effects include nausea, headache, burning and
itching.
Excimer laser used for mild to moderate psoriasis, treats
only the involved skin without harming
healthy skin. A controlled beam of UVB light
is directed to the psoriasis plaques to control
scaling and inflammation. Side effects can
include redness and blistering.
25. 3. SYSTEMIC THERAPY
Retinoids
Related to vitamin A, this group of drugs may help if you
have severe psoriasis that doesn't respond to other
therapies.
Side effects may include lip inflammation and hair loss.
And because retinoids such as acitretin (Soriatane) can
cause severe birth defects, women must avoid pregnancy
for at least three years after taking the medication.
26. Cyclosporin A
100mg/ml Suspension & 100 mg capsules
M.O.A: Binds cyclo-philin producing a complex that blocks calci-
neurin, reducing the effect of the NF-AT in T cells, resulting in
inhibition of interleukin 2
Dosage: High-dose method: 5 mg/kg daily, then tapered
Low-dose method: 2.5 mg/kg daily, increased every 2-4 wk up to 5
mg/kg daily, then tapered
Side Effects : Nephrotoxicity Hypertension Immuno-suppression
Neurotoxicity, Increased risk of malignancy
Contraindication: Prior bone marrow depression Pregnancy,
Lactation, Renal abnormalities.
27. METHOTREXATE
Dose: 2.5 mg tab & 50 mg/lm vial
Action: Blocks dihydrofolate reductase leading to inhibition of
purine and pyrimidine synthesis Leading to accumulation of anti-
inflammatory adenosine
Dosage: Start with a test dose of 2.5 mg and then gradually increase
dose until a therapeutic level is achieved (average range, 10-15 mg
weekly; maximum, 25- 30 mg weekly
Side effect: Chronic use may lead to hepatic fibrosis, Fetal
abnormalities or death Pulmonary fibrosis
Contraindication : Liver toxicity Pregnancy
28. ACITRETIN
Dose: Acitretin 25 mg cap
Action: Binds to retinoic acid receptors. May contribute to
improvement by normalizing keratinization and proliferation of the
epidermis
Dosage: Initiate at 25-50 mg daily
Side effect : Hepatotoxicity, Lipid abnormalities, Fetal abnormalities
or death, Alopecia
Contraindication Severe infections Malignancy
29. Drugs that alter the immune system (biologics)
etanercept (Enbrel),
infliximab (Remicade),
adalimumab (Humira),
ustekinumab (Stelara),
golimumab (Simponi),
apremilast (Otezla),
secukinumab (Cosentyx) and
ixekizumab (Taltz).
Most of these drugs are given by injection (apremilast is oral) and
are usually used for people who have failed to respond to traditional
therapy or who have associated psoriatic arthritis.
30. Alternative Medicine
Aloe vera. Taken from the leaves of the aloe vera plant, aloe
extract cream may reduce redness, scaling, itching and
inflammation.
Fish oil. Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil supplements
may reduce inflammation associated with psoriasis, although
results from studies are mixed. Taking 3 grams or less of fish
oil daily is generally recognized as safe.
Oregon grape. Also known as barberry, topical applications of
Oregon grape may reduce inflammation and ease psoriasis
symptoms.
31. COMPLICATIONS
Psoriatic arthritis: This complication of psoriasis can cause
joint damage and a loss of function in some joints, which can
be debilitating.
Eye conditions.
Obesity.
Type 2 diabetes.
High blood pressure.
Cardiovascular disease.
Metabolic syndrome.
Other autoimmune diseases.