This slide is made for educational and academic purpose for Pharmacy, Medical and paramedical students. This slide is concerned with a dermatological disease namley Eczema.
This slide contains full pathophysiology of Eczema. This slide is prepared in accordance with D.pharm 2nd year syllabus in the subject named Pharmacotherapeutics. Topics included are Definition, etilogy, pathophysiology, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, non pharmacological and pharmacological treatment of eczema
2. ECZEMA OR ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Eczema= origin from ekze = ‘to boil over’ (characterized by allergic pimple and
excessive hot skin).
“Eczema is a very common skin condition that causes itchy, red, dry, irritated and inflamed skin leads to
swelling, cracking.”
• Eczema is a type of allergic reaction. It is a non contagious condition.
• Itching leads to oozing skin.
3. ETIOLOGY
Following are the causes of Eczema:
•Genetic factors.
•Bacterial or fungal infections.
•Dry skin.
•Over activation of immune system.
•Environmental allergens.
•Contact with chemicals.
•Hair dyes.
•Makeup cosmetics.
•Use of harsh soaps and detergents.
•Scratching.
•Insect bites
4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Eczema is a complex and multifactorial disease.
Factors: Over active immune system, IgE mediated immune response, Allergens etc.
These factors reduces the content of Ceramides (Ceramides are fats or lipids found in skin).
Ceramides are important for retaining skin moisture and preventing entry of germs into the skin.
Decrease in ceramides content increases water loss from the skin causing dry, irritated, itchy and burning
skin.
ECZEMA
6. DIAGNOSIS
1. History collection and physical examination: To diagnose
scabies, a dermatologist will examine your skin, nails, and scalp for
signs of the disease. Dermatologist may also ask if you have any
symptoms, such as itchy skin, joint problems, such as pain and
swelling.
2. Skin biopsy: Microscopic examination of tissues.
3. Blood test: To check levels of IgE antibodies.
7. TREATMENT
Non-pharmacological treatment:
• Avoidance of allergens.
• Prevention of drying of the skin by using creams and emollients.
• Bleach bath: Adding sodium hypochlorite or bleach to bath water has shown to reduce the bacterial and
fungal infection.
Pharmacological treatment:
• Topical corticosteroids: Topical corticosteroids are used to reduce skin inflammation.
• Immunosuppressant's : These agents are used to suppress over activated immune system. for example:
cyclosporine
• Ceramide Moisturizer: It is used to prevent water loss from the skin.
• Oral antihistaminic agents: For example- Cetrizine.
• UV therapy.
