Psoriasis is a common skin condition that causes skin cells to grow too quickly, resulting in flaky, itchy patches. It has various types including plaque, guttate, inverse, pustular, and erythrodermic psoriasis. The causes involve an immune system reaction and may be triggered by infections, injuries, stress, smoking, alcohol or certain medications. Diagnosis involves examination of the skin and sometimes a biopsy. Treatments aim to reduce inflammation and clear the skin using topical creams, light therapy, oral medications or injections.

1. “PSORIASIS”
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2. INTRODUCTION
What is Psoriasis ?
• Psoriasis is a common skin
condition that speeds up the life
cycle of skin cells.
• It causes cells to build up rapidly on
the surface of the skin.
• The extra skin cells form scales and
red patches that are itchy and
sometimes painful.
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3. HISTORY
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 Physician Galen (133-200 A.D.) identified psoriasis as a skin
disease through clinical observation and was the first to call it
psoriasis.
 People with psoriasis-thousands in medieval Europe-were
forced to warn others of their arrival by ringing a clapper.

4. MECHANISM
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DC: dendritic cell; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; TCR: T-cell receptor; MHC:
major histocompatibility complex.

5. MODE OF ACTION
 Skin cells are replaced every 3-5 days in psoriasis rather than
the usual 28–30 days.
 These changes are believed to stem from the premature
maturation of keratinocytes induced by an inflammatory force
in the dermis involving:
Dendrite Cells
Macrophages (Types of White Cells)
T-cells
 Psoriasis disease mechanism and resveratrol role. Psoriasis
begins with the release of cathelicidin peptide (LL37) and
fragments of DNA, forming an immunocomplex that activates
resident DC cells
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6. MODE OF ACTION
 These cells activate T lymphocytes primarily through
the release of IL-23, promoting differentiation into
Th17.
 IL-16 promotes differentiation into Th1.
 These cells produce three major cytokines—IL-17, IL-
22 (produced by Th17), and IFN (produced by Th1) that
promote the proliferation of keratinocytes. Resveratrol
acts in two ways:
1. Inhibiting the production of IL-17
2. Directly inhibiting the proliferation of
keratinocytes.
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7. TYPES OF PSORIASIS
These are the basic types of Psoriasis:
 Plaque Psoriasis
 Guttate Psoriasis
 Inverse Psoriasis
 Pustular Psoriasis
 Erythrodermic Psoriasis
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8. TYPES OF PSORIASIS
 Plaque Psoriasis:
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1. Plaque psoriasis is the most common form.
2. Raised, red patches covered with a silvery white dead skin
cells.
3. Most often area scalp, knees, elbows and lower back. They
are often itchy and painful.
a

9. TYPES OF PSORIASIS
 Guttate Psoriasis:
1. Guttate psoriasis is a form of psoriasis that appears as small, dot-
like lesions.
2. Guttate psoriasis often starts in childhood.
3. This is the second-most common type of psoriasis.
4. About 10 percent of people who get psoriasis develop Guttate
psoriasis.
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10. TYPES OF PSORIASIS
 Inverse Psoriasis:
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1. Inverse psoriasis shows up as very red
lesions in body folds.
2. It may appear smooth and shiny.
3. Many people have another type of psoriasis
elsewhere on the body at the same time.

11. TYPES OF PSORIASIS
 Pustular Psoriasis:
1. Pustular psoriasis is characterized by white pustules
(blisters of noninfectious pus) surrounded by red skin.
2. The pus consists of white blood cells.
3. Pustular psoriasis occurs most often on the hands or
feet.
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12. TYPES OF PSORIASIS
 Erythrodermic Psoriasis
1. Erythrodermic psoriasis is a severe form
that leads to widespread, fiery redness
over most of the body.
2. It can cause severe itching and pain, and
make the skin come off in sheets.
3. It is rare, occurring in 3 percent of people
who have psoriasis during their life time.
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13. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Psoriasis signs and symptoms are different for everyone.
Common signs and symptoms include:
 Red patches with thick, silvery scales
 Small scaling spots (commonly seen in children)
 Dry, cracked skin that may bleed
 Itching, burning or soreness
 Thickened, pitted or ridged nails
 Swollen and stiff joints
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14. DIAGNOSIS
In most cases, diagnosis of psoriasis is
fairly straightforward:
1. Physical exam and medical history:
Your doctor usually
can diagnose psoriasis by taking your
medical history and examining your
skin, scalp and nails.
2. Skin biopsy:
Rarely, your doctor may take
a small sample of skin (biopsy). He
or she will likely first apply a local
anesthetic. The sample is examined
under a microscope to determine the
exact type of psoriasis and to rule out
other disorders.
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15. CAUSES
Psoriasis typically starts or worsens because of a
trigger that you may be able to identify and avoid. Factors
that may trigger psoriasis include:
 Infections.
 Injury to the skin, such as a cut or scrape, a bug bite, or a severe
sunburn.
 Stress.
 Smoking.
 Heavy alcohol consumption.
 Vitamin D deficiency.
 Certain medications — including lithium, which is prescribed for
bipolar disorder, high blood pressure medications such as beta
blockers, antimalarial drugs, and iodides.
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16. TREATMENT
Psoriasis treatments reduce inflammation
and clear the skin. Treatments can be
divided into three main types:
 Topical treatments. (Creams)
 Light therapy.
 Oral medications.
 Injections.
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