The document discusses prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) tests, which measure how quickly blood clots. PT specifically measures the extrinsic clotting pathway efficiency, while PTT measures the intrinsic pathway. The tests are used to detect bleeding disorders, monitor blood thinners, and assess bleeding risk before surgery. The procedure incubates plasma with thromboplastin and calcium chloride, then measures clotting time in seconds. Normal PT is 12-15 seconds, while the international normalized ratio ranges from 1.0-1.2. High PT can indicate liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, or a genetic clotting disorder.

1. SUBMITTED BY
K.SANJAY
BD230907
PROTHROMIN TIME AND PARTIAL
PROTHROMIN TIME

2. PROTHROMIN TIME
• The prothrombin time is the time required for
the plasma to clot after addition of tissue
factor (thromboplastin) and an optimal
concentration of calcium.
• This indicates overall efficiency of extrinsic
pathway.

3. PROTHROMBIN AND PARTIAL
PROTHROMBIN TIME
• The prothrombin time (PT) test and partial
thromboplastin time (PTT) measure how
quickly blood clots.
• The tests can help detect bleeding disorders,
check a person's response to blood thinners,
and assess a person's risk for bleeding prior
to surgery.

4. REQUIREMENTS
• Water bath(37°C)
• Stop watch
• Test tubes
• Tissue thromboplastin
• 0.15 gm/dl Calcium chloride
• Platelets poor citrated plasma (PPCP) (mix 0.2
ml of 3.8% tri-sodium citrate with 1.8 ml of
Plasma) prepared after centrifuging citrated
blood at 3000 RPM for 15 minutes.

5. PROCEDURE:
1. Take 0.1ml plasma in clean test tube. The
plasma should be pre-warmed at 37°C in
water bath.
2. Add 0.1 ml tissue thromboplastin, mix well
and incubate at 37°C for 2 minutes.
3. Add 0.1 ml calcium chloride solution, mix
and start the stop watch.
4. At the first appearance of a fibrin clot, stop
the watch immediately.

6. 5. Record the time.
6. Report prothrombin time in
seconds.

8. NORMAL RANGE
• 12-15 seconds

9. INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO
• INR = (PT ratio)
• Normal range of INR= 1.0-1.2
• PT ratio= PT of test ⁄ PT of control

10. HIGH PROTHROMIN TIME MEANS
• Liver diseases
• Lack of Vitamin K
• Genetic Disorder that you inherit from your
parents

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