2. BUILDING LIFECYCLE
⢠Building life cycle refers to the view of
a building over the course of its entire life,
viewing it not just as an operational building, but
taking into account the design, construction,
operation, demolition and waste treatment.
⢠The study of the entire impact of a building on its
environment has become a requirement for
construction in most jurisdictions, owing to the
resource-intensive nature of construction.
⢠Life cycle analysis considers various aspects of
resource utilization in a building, for example,
overall energy conservation.
What is it ?
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4. 4
EVALUATION OF THE
OWNERâS NEEDS, AND
DEVELOP AN INITIAL DESIGN
CONCEPT. TYPICALLY, THE
INDUSTRY HAS
CONSIDERED THIS LEVEL
OF DESIGN TO BE
APPROXIMATELY 30%
COMPLETE.
⢠DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
(DD): EXPAND THE INITIAL
CONCEPT TO DEFINE THE
SYSTEMS THAT WILL BE
USED AND GENERAL
MATERIALS. TYPICALLY,
THIS HAS BEEN
CONSIDERED
APPROXIMATELY 60%
DESIGN COMPLETION.
⢠CONSTRUCTION
DOCUMENTS (CD): FINALIZE
THE DESIGN DETAILS TO A
LEVEL THAT THEY CAN BE
BUILT. COMPLETE ALL
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
AND CONSTRUCTION
DRAWINGS.
5. 1. PROJECT INCEPTION
THIS IS THE FIRST STAGE OF ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN WHERE THE PLANNING OF THE PROJECT
BEGINS. IT IS HERE THAT WE AIM TO GAIN A DEEP
UNDERSTANDING OF OUR CLIENTS IN ORDER TO
BE ABLE TO DESIGN AN EFFECTIVE PROJECT. THE
SIZE OF
A CLIENTâS HOME IS DETERMINED BY A NUMBER OF
FACTORS, INCLUDING THEIR LIFESTYLE AND THEIR
FUTURE NEEDS. IN ADDITION, WE SUGGEST THE
MOST EFFECTIVE WAY TO UTILIZE IT.
GATHERING DATA ABOUT THE EXISTING
CONDITIONS ON SITE IS THE OTHER PART OF
THE PRE-DESIGN PHASE. THIS USUALLY INVOLVES
MAPPING THE LAND SO THAT THE LOCATION AND
DETAILS OF ANY EXISTING STRUCTURES CAN BE
DETERMINED. IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE
IMPACT OF THE PROJECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT,
WE TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE ENVIRONMENT, THE
6. 2. SCHEMATIC DESIGN
At this stage of architectural design, we
analyze the clientâs program and begin
preliminary studies to develop design
concepts and sketches. These sketches
show space arrangements, planning
relationships, and a variety of materials. As
the floor plans and shapes are defined, the
details of materials and construction take
longer to complete. We pay attention to how
our clients react and make any necessary
adjustments in response to their feedback.
A lot of the clientâs involvement is required
during this phase, as well as the approval of
the Schematic Design. Take the time to give
thoughtful feedback to your design
professional if something doesnât make
sense to you. Changes are always possible,
but the easiest time to make them is during
the development phase.
7. 3. DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
Design Development follows the floor plan and
exterior concept developed in the previous
phase. We refine the schematics with more
precision and accuracy in regards to size and
dimension. During this stage of the architectural
design process, we compile Design
Development Documents to best explain the
clientâs proposed design. These documents
include detailed floor and section plans,
elevations, and sections.
This phase also involves visualizing the
concept in 3D using architectural visualization
software. By the end of the Design
Development phase, the exterior of the building
becomes more comprehensively designed. This
includes the layout of the interior, the
dimensions of all spaces, and the majority of
materials used.
8. 4. CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
We create the construction documents based
on the approved design development
documents and other iterations by the client.
These drawings give in detail the requirements
for the construction of the Project. Our team
specifies all materials, finishes, fixtures,
equipment, and appliances to be installed.
Construction documents require a lot of time,
which may surprise you. Local development
authorities then require these documents in
order to give approval for construction.
At mimAR, we make separate drawings for each
work and include them in the construction
documents. A plumber, for example, receives
drawings specifically intended for plumbing
work. Where an electrician gets his own
drawings for the work he does. It is important to
separate drawings and documents for each
work to avoid confusion. As a result, everyone
knows precisely what he or she is responsible
for.
9. 5. CONSTRUCTION
ADMINISTRATION
This phase generally involves providing advice
to the client about the construction process,
which may include minor design revisions. We
also examine the construction to ensure that
the work continues in accordance with the
construction documents and design
specifications. Lastly, we will verify that the
materials and workmanship are of the quality
agreed upon. The billings of your contractor will
also be compared to the amount of work
completed. Our team will collaborate with you
to draft your final checklist, ensuring that the
project meets your expectations.
11. CONSTRUCTION BUILDING CYCLE
⢠A construction project entails 5 important stages:
1)Initiation
2)Planning
3)Implementation
4)Performance
5)Monitoring and closing
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www.theconstructor.org
12. INITIATION
12
⢠The initiation phase begins with identifying a project objective, and recording the need.
⢠After determining the project objective, those involved develop a list of proposed
solutions and study the feasibility of each option.
⢠If stakeholders approve the solution, they appoint a project manager to oversee the
process. This phase also involves building a project team and identifying the
deliverables.
⢠The project manager approves the team and deliverables, and the project may move to
the next phase.
13. PLANNING
The planning phase involves further developing the project to determine how to meet the
project's objective.
⢠The team identifies the work to be done and the tasks and resources required.
⢠The final product is a project plan that outlines certain aspects of the project, such as
its:
ďą Activities
ďą Dependencies
ďą Tasks
ďą Time frames
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14. EXECUTION
⢠The execution phase includes the implementation stages of the project. The team
performs most of the work on the project on-site, and the project manager maintains
control and communication through each implementation stage.
⢠While teams strive to follow project plans exactly, some variances or adjustments may
occur. The project manager records all adjustments or variances and makes corrective
measures as needed to ensure the project continues as planned.
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15. PERFORMANCE AND MONITORING
⢠The performance and monitoring phase happens concurrently with the execution phase. It
includes all measurements of progress and performance.
⢠Project managers should provide status reports regularly that follow the previously agreed-
upon format. Here are some elements to include:
ďąCost
ďąQuality
ďąSchedule
⢠The project manager reviews each deliverable against the customer acceptance criteria and
approves them. The customer agrees to the final solution, and the project is ready for
closure.
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16. CLOSURE
⢠The closure phase involves the project manager providing all the final deliverables to
the customer.
⢠The project manager and team may evaluate the success of the project. They may
identify things that went well and things that didn't.
⢠The project manager will use this feedback to improve future team projects.
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19. INTRODUCTIONâ
STEPS BEFORE DEMOLITIONâ
> SURVEYINGâ
> REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALSâ
> PREPARATION OF PLAN
> STABILITY REPORTâ
> SAFETY MEASURES METHODS OF DEMOLITIONâ
> NON-EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITIONâ
CONCLUSIONâ
19
20. INTRODUCTION
⢠WE KNOW EVERY STRUCTURE IS DESIGNED FOR A LIFE PERIOD.
⢠THE EXISTENCE OF THE STRUCTURE AFTER THE SERVICE LIFE PERIOD IS VERY DANGEROUS TO
ITS OCCUPANTS AND SURROUNDING BUILDINGS.
⢠THE BUILDING ACT USUALLY CONTAINS PROVISIONS THAT ENABLE LOCAL AUTHORITIES TO
CONTROL DEMOLITION WORKS FOR THE PROTECTION OF PUBLIC SAFETY AND
TO ENSURE ADJOINING PREMISES AND THE SITE ARE MADE GOOD ON COMPLETION OF
THE DEMOLITION
20
21. DEMOLITIONâ
⢠DEMOLITION IS THE PROCESS OF TEARING DOWN OR FALLING DOWN OF A
BUILDING AFTER ITS LIFE PERIOD WITH THE HELP OF SOME EQUIPMENTS OR
ANY OTHER METHOD.
⢠WHEN EXPLOSIVES ARE USED FOR THIS THEN THE DEMOLITION PROCESS
ARE CALLED AS AN IMPLOSION.
21
22. STEPS BEFORE DEMOLITIONâ
⢠>THE DIFFERENT STEPS BEFORE THE EXECUTION OF A DEMOLITION
PROCESS ARE:
⢠1. SURVEYING
⢠2. REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
⢠3. PREPARATION OF PLAN
⢠4. STABILITY REPORT
⢠5. SAFETY MEASURES
22
23. 1. SURVEYINGâ
⢠Surveying means study of different parameters of the structure and its surroundings.â
⢠There are two types of surveying are mainly conducted. They areâ
⢠A. Building surveyingâ
⢠B. Structural surveyingâ
23
24. 2. REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALSâ
⢠â If hazardous materials, such as asbestos containing materials, petroleum
contamination and radioactive contamination, exist in the building, further investigation
and removal of such hazardous material or contamination by specialist shall be
referenced.â
⢠In the case when asbestos containing material are discovered,â
⢠specialist contractor shall be employed to remove such asbestos containing material.â
24
25. ⢠The asbestos waste should be handled, stored and disposed of as chemical waste in
accordance with the Waste Disposal Ordinance and Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste)
(General) Regulation.â
⢠In the case when possible soil contamination material is present, specialist shall be
employed to prepare soil contamination test proposal and submit such proposal to the
Environmental Protection Department for comment.â
⢠In the case when remedial works are required, the remedial proposal shall be submitted
to the Environmental Protection Department for approval prior to implementation of
such remedial works.â
25
26. 4. STABILITY REPORTâ
⢠The Stability Report shall include the following parts:â
⢠â A report on the stability of the building to be demolished during all stages of
demolition;â
⢠"A report on the stability of the building with supporting calculations to demonstrate that
the use of the plants and equipment will not render inadequate the margin of safety of,
or cause damage to any building, structure, street, land
and services;structural calculations for all temporary supports and bracings;â
⢠â A report on the stability of neighbouring buildings, adjoining properties.â
26
27. METHODS OF DEMOLITIONâ
⢠There are two types of demolitionâ
⢠1. Non explosive demolitionâ
⢠It means the demolition of a structure done with some equipment without the use of any
explosive.â
⢠2. Explosive demolitionâ
27
28. NON EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITIONâ
⢠Sledge hammerâ
⢠A sledge hammer, equipment used for removing a stone wall or a single column.â
⢠It consists of a long stem with a metallic head. It is used to give impacts on the surfaces
and that cause the demolition of structure.â
⢠It cannot be used for removal of large buildings.â
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29. EXCAVATORS AND BULLDOZERSâ
⢠â˘Hydraulic excavators may be used to topple one-or two- story buildings by an
undermining process. The undermining process means, erode the base or foundation,
i.e., dig or excavate beneath the foundation so as to make it collapseâ
⢠â˘Loaders or bulldozers may also be used to demolish a building. They are typically
equipped with "rakes" (thick pieces of steel that could be an I-beam or tube) that are
used to ram building wall. Skid loaders and Loaders will also be used to take material
out and sort steel.â
29
30. WRECKING BALLSâ
⢠In case of buildings have greater heights (5 to 6 story) normal excavators and
bulldozers are not sufficient. In such cases crane with wrecking balls are used to
perform the demolition activity.â
⢠The wrecking balls are steel balls hanging from a steel rope which is attached to the
crane.
⢠This method is more effective only for high rise masonry structures because of the
uncontrolled backward movement of steel ball after the impact on the wall surface.â
⢠Now this metod not commonly used because of this uncontrolled behavior of wrecking
balls.â
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31. HIGH REACH EXCAVATORSâ
⢠High reach demolition excavators are more often used for tall buildings where explosive
demolition is not appropriate or not possible.â
⢠â These excavators are used to demolish up to a height of 300 feet. These excavators
with some attachments are also provided for some specific purposes.â
⢠Hydraulic hammers are often used for concrete structures and concrete processing
attachments are used to crush concrete to a manageable size, and to removing
reinforcing steel.â
31
32. EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITIONâ
⢠The basic idea of explosive demolition is quite simple.â
⢠If we remove the support structure of a building at a certain point, the section of the
building above the point will fall down on the part of the building below that point.â
⢠There are mainly two ways to implode a building,â
⢠1. felling like a treeâ
⢠2. falling into its own footprintâ
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33. FELLING LIKE A TREEâ
⢠In this the blasting crew will be able to tumble the building over on one side, into a
parking lot other open area. This sort of blast is the easiest to execute, and it is
generally the safest way to go. Tipping a building over is something like felling a tree.
For example to topple the building to the north, the blasters detonate explosives on the
north side of the building first, in the same way you would chop into a tree from the
north side if you wanted it to fall in that direction. Blasters may also secure steel cables
to support columns in the building, so that they are pulled a certain way as they
crumble.â
33
34. FALLING INTO ITS OWN FOOTPRINTâ
⢠Sometimes, though, a building is surrounded by structures that must be preserved. In
this case, the blasters proceed with a true implosion, demolishing the building so that it
collapses straight down into its own footprints (that means the total area of building is
removed into the base of the building). This feat requires such skill that only a handful of
demolition companies in the world will attempt it.â
⢠Blasters approach each project a little differently, but the basic idea is to think of the
building as a collection of separate towers. The blasters set the explosives so that each
"tower" falls toward the centre of the building, in roughly the same way that they would
set the explosives to topple a single structure to the side.â
⢠⢠When the explosives are detonated in the right order, the toppling towers crash
against each other, and all of the rubbles collect at the centre of the building. Another
option is to detonate the columns at the centre of the building before the other columns
so that the building's sides fall inward.â
34
35. CONCLUSIONâ
⢠Type of demolition method depends upon various factors such as site condition, type of
structures, age of building. height of building and economy.â
⢠Anyway controlled demolition of building is necessary to ensure safety.â
⢠Explosive demolition is the preferred method for safely and efficiently demolishing the
larger structures.â
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37. WASTE MANAGEMENT
⢠waste management is a mechanism
of origination, storage, assortment,
handling, processing and disposal of
generated waste materials ensuring
healthy environmental conditions.
⢠More than 450 million tonnes per
year construction and demolition
waste is generated. Though the
construction and demolition waste
are having highest recovery potential
to achieve almost 80% recycling or
reuse. However, on ground reality out
of it 80%, a maximum 5% of waste is
actually recovered and balance 75%
of waste is being landfilled
What is it ?
37
38. WASTE MANAGEMENT
⢠As per Technology Information,
Forecasting and Assessment
Council, any new building
construction generates 40-60 kg of
construction and demolition waste
per sqm, thus solely India is
generating 50 million tons
construction and demolition waste
per year for new building
construction programs. Further
demolition and modification
activities generate 300-500 kg of
waste per sqm which is 10 times
more that any new construction
activity.
.
38
39. WASTE MANAGEMENT
⢠waste management is a mechanism
of origination, storage, assortment,
handling, processing and disposal of
generated waste materials ensuring
healthy environmental conditions.
⢠More than 450 million tonnes per
year construction and demolition
waste is generated. Though the
construction and demolition waste
are having highest recovery potential
to achieve almost 80% recycling or
reuse. However, on ground reality out
of it 80%, a maximum 5% of waste is
actually recovered and balance 75%
of waste is being landfilled
What is it ?
39
40. WASTE MANAGEMENT
If the steel-framed structure is
,volume of concrete debris waste can
be reduced by 50% hence reducing
construction and demolition waste by
33%.
.
40
41. WASTE MANAGEMENT
Life cycle assessment must be followed
for all the construction materials to
promote the principle of 3R Reduce,
Reuse and Recycle.
In addition that government must
introduce stringent construction code
specifically to emphasize the use of the
recycled materials and alternative
building materials
Use of recycled block paver and floor
tiles manufactured using construction
and demolition waste.
Further tax policies must be formatted
to promote the use of recycled waste
products
CONCLUSION
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42. âQUOTEâ
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