Project Oxygen aims to make computation as freely available as oxygen in the air. It envisions a future where generic handheld and embedded devices called H21 and E21 are connected through a wireless network N21. These devices would allow natural communication using speech and gestures without needing to type or learn computer interfaces. The technologies developed under Project Oxygen include device technologies for the H21 and E21, network technologies for the N21, software technologies, and perceptual technologies for speech and vision. Challenges include making the system pervasive, embedded, nomadic, adaptable, powerful yet efficient, intentional and eternal. While started in 1999, Project Oxygen remains a vision that has not yet been fully realized due to the difficulties in