This document provides information about project monitoring, controlling, and auditing. It introduces the members of Group 10 and defines monitoring as collecting, recording, and reporting on time, cost, and performance. It discusses the purpose and benefits of monitoring, as well as who serves as monitors. The document also covers project controlling, areas of control, and the construction and contents of audit reports. Finally, it defines public-private partnerships and their objectives and characteristics.

1. GROUP NO:10

2. Group Members
Mahmudul firoz
• Id - 16107037
Salman-Al-Asif Khan
Id- 16107039
Md. Hasan Habib Limon
Id-16107044
md SHOHAG PRODHAN
• Id - 16107053
JAHID HASAN
ID-16107077

3. LET’S LEARN
•Monitoring
•Controlling
•Auditing

4. Monitoring ?
• Collecting
• Recording
• Reporting
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5. What are to be monitored?
• TIME
• COST
• PERFORMANCE
These elements encompass the fundamental
objectives of the project
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6. Purpose of monitoring
• Monitoring is a management function.
1.Right people
2.Right information
3.Right time.
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7. Benefits of monitoring
• Early detection of potential project over run
• Improved project status dissemination
• Information pertinent to proper evaluation of employee
work performance.
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8. Why monitoring?
• Implementations of development projects within time and cost is one
of the weakest area in project management in development country.
This is due to
• Inadequate consideration of the organizational, managerial and
administrative aspects of the project.
• Non-scheduling of project activities
• Inadequacy of the progress reporting and feed back procedures
impeding flow of information
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9. Cont.
• Absence of system supervision of the project by the higher management.
• Lack of response from lower management levels to feed information to
higher level.
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10. Who are monitors?
• The project managers and/or or his unit managers are the inside
monitors. The insiders have advantages over outsiders
• They know the project more than any body else
• They are not antagonistic to the project
• Their views carry weight to higher level concerned with project
management
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11. Cont.
• The monitor from outside may be top management.
• Their views are independent
• They may have preconceived notion about the project
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12. Information needs
• Everyone concerned with project should be appropriately tied into the project
reporting system.
• The monitoring system ought to be constructed so that it addresses every level of
management.
• But reports should not be of same depth or at the same frequency at the same level.
• Lower level management have a need for detail information about individual tasks
and the factors affecting such tasks. Report frequency is usually high.
• For senior management level the reports should be concise and in aggregated form .
• Frequency is less
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#SALMAN

13. Reporting
• The nature of monitoring reports should be consisting with the logic of the
planning ,budgeting system of the project.
• There is no need for burdening operating people with planning information
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14. Benefits of reporting
• Mutual understanding about the goals of project
• Awareness of the progress parallel activities and of the problems associated
with coordination among activities.
• More realistic planning for the needs of all groups and individuals working
on the project
• Understanding the relationships of individual tasks to one another and to the
overall project.
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15. Cont.
• Early signals of potential problems and delays in the project
• Faster management action in response to unacceptable or
inappropriate work.
• Higher visibility to top management including attention directed
to immediate needs of the project
• Keeping the client and other interested outside parties up to date
on project status about costs, milestone and deliverables.
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16. Types of Reports
• -Routine report
• -Exception report
• -Special analysis report
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17. Regular Report
• -Reports that are issued on regular basis
• -Regular does not always refer calendar
• -It may be on milestone basis
• -For top level periodic
• For mid level it may be any frequency
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18. Exception Report
• Used when decision is used on exception basis
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19. Special report
• A special report of a project is a document that communicates the progress of aspects of
the project, containing data relevant to that part of the project.
• Project management reporting is one of the ways you communicate with your project
team and stakeholders.
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#LEMON

20. Project Management Information System
(PMIS)
• - A Computerized reporting System
• Project Management Information System (PMIS) are system tools and techniques used in
project management to deliver information. Project managers use the techniques and
tools to collect, combine and distribute information through electronic and manual means.
Project Management Information System (PMIS) is used by upper and lower
management to communicate with each other.
Project Management Information System (PMIS) help plan, execute the
project management’s goals. During the planning process , project managers use PMIS
for budget framework such as estimating costs. At the execution of the project
management goals, the project management team collects information into one database.
The PMIS is used to compare the baseline with the actual accomplishment of
each activity , manage materials, collect financial data, and keep a record for reporting
purposes.
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21. Meetings
• This is also one kind of way to
communication where project
management team or group members
are sitting together and discuss about
the projects which will be useful or not
for the project.
• All types of reports are delivered on
face to face meeting
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22. Project Control
• Controlling is the act of reducing the difference between plan and reality
• Project controls are the data gathering, management and analytical processes used to predict,
understand and constructively influence the time and cost outcomes of a project or
program. Consequently, the project controls discipline can be seen as encompassing:
• Scheduling including development, updating and maintenance;
• Cost estimation, cost engineering/control and value engineering;
• Risk management, including maintaining the risk register and risk analysis/assessment;
• Document control;
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23. Areas of Control
Physical asset control
A physical asset is an item of economic, commercial or exchange value that
has a material existence. Physical assets are also known as tangible assets. For
most businesses, physical assets usually refer to properties, equipment, and
inventory. Physical assets are the opposite of intangible assets, which include
such things as brand names, patents, trademarks, leases, computer programs,
customer lists, franchise agreements, domain names or trade secrets.
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24. Cont..
Human resource control
• Controlling and maintaining the growth of people
• People working on projects can gain a wide range of experience
• Measurement of human resource conservation is difficult
• Performance appraisals and other measures are not satisfactory devices

25. Cont..
Financial Resource Control
•Current asset control
•Project budget
•Capital investment control
•Techniques same as those applied to general operation of the firm
•Context is different because project is accountable to an outsider
•Must exercise due diligence over resources owned by the client

26. What is project auditing?
• Project auditing can be defined as the process of detailed
inspection of the management of a project, its methodology and
procedures, its records, its properties, its budget and expenditures
and its level of completion.
• Project auditing can help you assess the current state of a project,
and tells you if your project management processes are being
followed.
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#SHOHAG

27. The audit report should focus on:
• 1. Current status of the project
Does the work completed match the planned level of completion?
• 2. Future status
Are significant schedule change likely?
• 3.Status of crucial tasks
What progress has been made on tasks that could decide the success or
failure of the project
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28. Cont.
• 4.Risk assessment
What is the potential risk for project failure or monetary loss?
• 5.Lessons learnt
What lessons leant from the project can be applied for other project ?
• Limitations of audit report
What assumptions affect the data in the audit?
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29. Depth of Audit
• Time and money are constraints which limit depth of audit
• Audit/evaluation is always distracting to those working in the
project.
• It lowers the level of activity
• Depth of investigation depends on the circumstances
• Detail audit is warranted when unacceptable level of performance is
noticed
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30. Timing of audit
• Depends on the circumstances of a particular project
• Generally, first audits are generally done early in the project life-
sooner the problems discovered better it is.
• First audits focused on technical issues
• Audits done later are of less immediate value to the project-but it
values to organization
• It relates to management matters
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31. Construction of Audit report
• Should be written in simple and straight
• forward format
• Tons should be constructive
• Negative comments about individuals to be avoided.
• Keep it clear,professional,and unemotional
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#JAHID

32. Contents of audit report
• 1. Introduction
• 2.Current status
• -Cost
• - Schedule
• -Progress
• -Quality
• 3. Future Project status
• 4. Critical management issues
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5.Risk analysis
6. Limitations and assumptions

33. Public Private Partnership(PPP)
• Definition
• PPP means an arrangement between a government/statutory
entity/government owned entity on one side and a public sector entity on
the other for the provision of public assets and and/or public services
through investments being made by and/or management being under by
private sector on entity
•
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34. Cont.
• For a specified period of time when there is well defined allocation of risk
between the private and public entity and the private entity receives
performance linked payments to specified and predetermined performance
standards measured by the by the public entity.
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35. Objectives
• (1) Harness private sector efficiency in asset creation maintenance and
service delivery
• (2)Provide focus on the life cycle approach for development of a project
involving asset creation and maintenance over its lifecycle
• (3)Enable affordable and improved services to the users in a responsible
and sustainable manner
• (4)Create opportunities to bring in innovation and technogical
improvement.
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36. Characteristics of PPP
• Private sector arranges resources to build infrastructure
• Private sector bears the cost of building the infrastructure
• Private sector bears the fiduciary and safety related risk related to
construction
• Govt and public avails the service by paying appropriate prices or fees
• Private sector cannot raise the prices or fees unilaterally
• PPP initiatives are long term(15-20 years

37. PPP models
• BOO-The private sector manages the infrastructure on build-own-
operate basis.Presently,the private power generation companies (IPP)
are operating on this model.
• BOT-Build –operate-transfer ie the private sector manages it until
specified time,after which govt takes over the management,eg Hanif
Flyover
• BOOT build-own-operate –transfer.This is an extended version of
BOT model

38. Benefits of PPP
• A) Public sector:
• Maintaining economic stability: Since the private sector invests in the
infrastructure development, it reduces burden on govt.
• Gains from public sector innovation and expertise: Since the private
sector is responsible in developing infrastructure, they are cost effective,
efficient technology
• Logical estimate of expenditure
• Achieving desired growth rate
• Participation by private sector in infrastructure and production capacity
hastens growth.

39. A list of some Mega projects
Transportation
• Dhaka Chittagong access control highway
BOOT ,US$3.02 billion
• Dhaka city subway,BOOT ,2.8 billion
• Dhaka city elevated expressway,BOOT,1.23 billion
Power and energy
Four coal,diesel or gas fired power plants at different locations,BOOT,1.80 billion
Waterways
Deep seaport at Chittagong13.85 billion,BOOT

40. Cont.
C)Public/ users
Accountibility:Since the the services are purchase from the private
sector by paying fees, the service providers are accountable to
public and govt.
More responsible govt: since the govt approves the project they are
more responsible
Guarantee of safety: Since the private sector has to bear the cost
from accidents and damages, they use reliable and quality
materials.

41. Risks in PPP implementation
• Loss of ownership of public properties
• Approval of inflated cost
• Overlooks public interest while pricing the services
• Dysfunctional infrastructure once ownership is retuned to govt.