The document summarizes the programming model of the X-86 32-bit family. It describes the three register groups: general purpose registers for storing data, segment registers for the code, stack, and four data segments, and a flag register group. It highlights key features of the X-86 family that make it advanced, including greater speed through instruction prefetching and data caching, internal memory for caching code and data to avoid wait cycles, and caching frequently used data to speed up processing time.

1. Programming Model of
X-86 Family (32 Bit)
ADITI BHUSHAN
LECTURER
NARAYANA JUNIOR COLLEGE, MUMBAI

2. Brief Diagram

3. Three Register Groups
1. FIRST GROUP
Eight General Purpose Registers Called:
EAX
EBX
ECX
EDX
ESI
EDI
ESP
EBP
E – Stands for Extended Length. (They are used to Store Data)

4. Second Group
This group consists of
1. Code Segment
2. Stack Segment
3. Four Data Segments:
1. DS
2. ES
3. FS
4. GS
4. These are 16 bit registers.

5. Flag Register Group (Third Group)

6. Flag Details:

7. Why X-86 is advanced ?
FEATURES

8. Features of X-86 Family
1. Greater Speed: Achieved by X86 PROCESSORS using various levels of instruction prefetching
and data caching.
2. Sufficient internal memory for caching of code as well as data.
3. Immediate availability of instructions for processing. Therefore, Processor does not wait for
fetch cycle like 8085. This leads to increasing or speeding up execution time.
4. Stores frequently used data on memory
5. Cached Data avoid need of external memory access cycle and speeds up processing time.