Organisation involves determining activities, arranging them into units, and assigning roles and responsibilities. It is important for attaining objectives, defining hierarchies and responsibilities, and minimizing friction. There are formal and informal structures. Formal structures include organization charts showing divisions of work, reporting relationships, and communication channels. Informal structures comprise unofficial working relationships. Common structures include functional (grouping similar tasks), divisional (grouping by product, geography, customers, or process), matrix (combining functional and divisional), team, network, and entrepreneurial. The choice of structure impacts organizational culture and ability to change directions.
The document discusses organizing and organizational structure. It defines organizing as the process of dividing work into smaller units and grouping related activities. There are advantages to organizing such as specialization, optimal resource use, and adaptation to change. The organizing process involves identifying work, grouping jobs into departments functionally or divisionally, assigning duties, delegating authority, and coordinating activities. Both formal and informal organizational structures are discussed, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Line, functional, and line and staff organizational forms are also outlined.
Organizational Structure : Types and ClassificationSanchit
This document discusses different types of organizational structures. It begins by defining an organization and organizational structure. There are two main types of traditional structures discussed: line structure and functional structure. Line structure is the simplest with a clear chain of command, while functional structure groups employees by skills. Another traditional structure is the line and staff structure, which combines operational and support roles. Modern structures discussed are project structure, where experts from different functions work temporarily on a project, and matrix structure, which combines functional and project approaches simultaneously. The document provides details on the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each structure type.
An organization is a collection of people working together to achieve common goals. Organizing has several benefits like specialization, role clarity, efficient use of resources, coordination, adaptability, and growth. The principles of organization include unity of objectives, specialization, coordination, authority, responsibility, delegation, efficiency, unity of command, span of control, balance, communication, flexibility, simplicity, and personal ability. Organizations can be formal or informal. Formal organizations have defined roles and hierarchies while informal organizations are social networks that form naturally. Both have advantages and disadvantages for communication and adaptability.
Controlling refers to measuring performance against standards, identifying deviations, and taking corrective actions. It involves setting standards, measuring actual performance, comparing performance to standards, analyzing deviations, and making corrections. Controlling and planning are interrelated functions - planning provides the basis for standards while controlling improves future planning. The process of controlling involves ongoing measurement, evaluation, and adjustment to ensure organizational goals are achieved.
This document discusses key concepts related to organization and organizing. It defines organization as the process of identifying and grouping work to be performed in an effective manner. There are several types of organizational structures discussed such as line, line and staff, functional, committee, project, and matrix structures.
The principles of organizing discussed include chain of command, work specialization, authority, delegation of authority, span of management, and unity of command. Chain of command refers to the hierarchical order of authority within an organization. Work specialization involves dividing tasks into separate jobs completed by different individuals. Authority is the right to command and is delegated from superiors to subordinates. Delegation involves assigning responsibility, authority, and accountability to subordinates.
This document discusses various aspects of planning in management. It outlines the key managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing, leading/directing, and controlling. Planning involves determining future actions, including what will be done, how it will be done, and when. Important aspects of planning include providing direction, reducing risks and uncertainties, and establishing standards for control. The document also discusses types of plans like objectives, strategies, programs, budgets, policies, procedures, methods, and rules. It outlines the steps and characteristics of strategy formulation, including determining objectives, SWOT analysis, and consistency with the internal and external environment. Policy formulation and evaluation of strategies are also summarized.
Organisation involves determining activities, arranging them into units, and assigning roles and responsibilities. It is important for attaining objectives, defining hierarchies and responsibilities, and minimizing friction. There are formal and informal structures. Formal structures include organization charts showing divisions of work, reporting relationships, and communication channels. Informal structures comprise unofficial working relationships. Common structures include functional (grouping similar tasks), divisional (grouping by product, geography, customers, or process), matrix (combining functional and divisional), team, network, and entrepreneurial. The choice of structure impacts organizational culture and ability to change directions.
The document discusses organizing and organizational structure. It defines organizing as the process of dividing work into smaller units and grouping related activities. There are advantages to organizing such as specialization, optimal resource use, and adaptation to change. The organizing process involves identifying work, grouping jobs into departments functionally or divisionally, assigning duties, delegating authority, and coordinating activities. Both formal and informal organizational structures are discussed, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Line, functional, and line and staff organizational forms are also outlined.
Organizational Structure : Types and ClassificationSanchit
This document discusses different types of organizational structures. It begins by defining an organization and organizational structure. There are two main types of traditional structures discussed: line structure and functional structure. Line structure is the simplest with a clear chain of command, while functional structure groups employees by skills. Another traditional structure is the line and staff structure, which combines operational and support roles. Modern structures discussed are project structure, where experts from different functions work temporarily on a project, and matrix structure, which combines functional and project approaches simultaneously. The document provides details on the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each structure type.
An organization is a collection of people working together to achieve common goals. Organizing has several benefits like specialization, role clarity, efficient use of resources, coordination, adaptability, and growth. The principles of organization include unity of objectives, specialization, coordination, authority, responsibility, delegation, efficiency, unity of command, span of control, balance, communication, flexibility, simplicity, and personal ability. Organizations can be formal or informal. Formal organizations have defined roles and hierarchies while informal organizations are social networks that form naturally. Both have advantages and disadvantages for communication and adaptability.
Controlling refers to measuring performance against standards, identifying deviations, and taking corrective actions. It involves setting standards, measuring actual performance, comparing performance to standards, analyzing deviations, and making corrections. Controlling and planning are interrelated functions - planning provides the basis for standards while controlling improves future planning. The process of controlling involves ongoing measurement, evaluation, and adjustment to ensure organizational goals are achieved.
This document discusses key concepts related to organization and organizing. It defines organization as the process of identifying and grouping work to be performed in an effective manner. There are several types of organizational structures discussed such as line, line and staff, functional, committee, project, and matrix structures.
The principles of organizing discussed include chain of command, work specialization, authority, delegation of authority, span of management, and unity of command. Chain of command refers to the hierarchical order of authority within an organization. Work specialization involves dividing tasks into separate jobs completed by different individuals. Authority is the right to command and is delegated from superiors to subordinates. Delegation involves assigning responsibility, authority, and accountability to subordinates.
This document discusses various aspects of planning in management. It outlines the key managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing, leading/directing, and controlling. Planning involves determining future actions, including what will be done, how it will be done, and when. Important aspects of planning include providing direction, reducing risks and uncertainties, and establishing standards for control. The document also discusses types of plans like objectives, strategies, programs, budgets, policies, procedures, methods, and rules. It outlines the steps and characteristics of strategy formulation, including determining objectives, SWOT analysis, and consistency with the internal and external environment. Policy formulation and evaluation of strategies are also summarized.
The document discusses different types of organization structures. It describes line organization as having a simple structure with authority flowing directly from superiors to subordinates. Functional organization divides work by specialized functions and departments, allowing for greater specialization but weaker controls. Committee organization involves groups making decisions collectively to benefit from diverse perspectives but potentially causing delays. Line and staff organization combines the line structure with expert staff supporting management with advice.
This document discusses organizational structures and their key characteristics. It defines an organization as a social unit of people systematically structured to meet goals on an ongoing basis. All organizations have a management structure that determines relationships and allocates roles. There are four main types of organizational structures: tall, flat, virtual, and boundaryless. Tall structures have many management levels and a strict chain of command, while flat structures empower employees with broader responsibilities and more autonomy. Virtual structures use technology to connect people who primarily interact electronically. Boundaryless structures are highly flexible and collaborative with fewer predefined boundaries. Organizational structures impact effectiveness, efficiency, communication, and overall success.
The document discusses formal and informal organization. A formal organization refers to the clearly defined job structure, communication channels, and delegation of authority as prescribed by management. It aims to avoid conflicts and overlapping responsibilities. An informal organization arises naturally from personal relationships between employees based on attributes like friendship rather than formal roles. While informal groups can boost motivation, they can also hinder productivity and spread rumors.
PLANNING IN MANAGEMENT,DEFINITION CHARACTERISTICS, IMPORTANCE AND LIMITATIONSAMALDASKH
Planning is the primary function of management and involves determining the best course of action in advance to achieve organizational objectives. Planning has several key characteristics including being an intellectual process that looks to the future, being continuous, and being required at all levels of management. Planning provides advantages such as better resource utilization, minimizing uncertainties, and improving competitive strength. The planning process involves analyzing internal and external environments, setting objectives, developing alternative courses of action, and carrying out the chosen plan.
Line organization is the oldest and simplest type of administrative organization where authority flows from top to bottom in a scalar chain of command. There are two main types: pure line organization where all individuals at a given level perform the same work, and departmental line organization where the unit is divided into departments for control purposes. Key advantages include simplicity, fixed responsibility, unity of control, and prompt decision making. Disadvantages include a lack of specialization, potential for excess work or favoritism, and limited communication. Functional organization is based on specialization by function or role and allows for decentralized decision making through specialized units or persons.
Planning is an essential function of management. Effective planning results in early achievement of objectives.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
The document discusses line organization and functional organization. Line organization is the oldest and simplest form, with authority flowing from top to bottom in a scalar chain. It allows for unified control but lacks specialization. Functional organization divides activities into specialized functions like operations and finance, with functional specialists providing guidance. This allows for greater efficiency and specialization but can cause confusion and lack of coordination due to multiple authorities. Both organization types have merits like simplicity and expertise, as well as demerits like overreliance and conflicts between specialists.
The document discusses organizational structure and design. It defines organizational structure as how interrelated groups within an organization are arranged, with a focus on effective communication and coordination. The document then examines formal and informal organizational structures and charts, as well as the factors that influence organizational design both internally such as leadership, communication and mission, and externally such as size, life cycle, strategy and environment. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of formal and informal structures.
The document discusses different types of organizational structures. It describes line organization, functional organization, line and staff organization, committee organization, matrix organization, virtual organization, cellular organization, team organization, boundaryless organization, and inverted pyramid organization. It provides details on the key characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each structure.
This document provides an overview of controlling processes in supervision. It defines controlling, lists its objectives, and describes the controlling process and types of control. The controlling process involves establishing objectives and standards, measuring actual performance, comparing results to objectives, and taking corrective actions. Effective control is strategic, results-oriented, understandable, encourages self-control, is timely and exception-oriented, positive in nature, fair and objective, and flexible. The types of control discussed are preliminary, concurrent, post-action, internal, and external controls. Learners are expected to describe controlling concepts and demonstrate understanding of an effective controlling process.
Controlling is a management function that involves monitoring performance, ensuring desired results are achieved, and that individuals and groups work consistently with short and long term plans. It establishes objectives and standards, measures actual performance, compares results to objectives, and takes necessary corrective action. There are different types of controls including preliminary, concurrent, and postaction controls. Controls can be internal, allowing self-control, or external through direct managerial action. Organizational control systems include processes, policies, performance management, and compensation.
This document discusses different types of organization structures, including line, functional, line and staff, matrix, and committee structures. It provides details on the key characteristics of each structure and lists their main advantages and disadvantages. The main types covered are line (simplest form with owner making decisions), functional (divided by specialized functions), line and staff (combines line executives and staff experts), matrix (divided by functions and projects), and committee (group discusses problems and solutions).
This document discusses organizational structure and behavior. It defines organizational structure as the formal divisions, groupings, and coordination of job tasks within an organization. The key elements of organizational structure are identified as work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization/decentralization, and formalization. Different organizational designs like the simple structure, bureaucracy, team structure, and virtual organization are also summarized. The document then introduces organizational behavior as the study of how individuals and groups act within organizations. Interpersonal skills that are important for interacting with others are listed as well.
The document provides an overview of organizing and staffing concepts in management. It defines organizing as arranging work to accomplish goals and includes principles of organization like objectives and specialization. It also discusses types of organization structures like functional, line and staff. Staffing involves acquiring and retaining qualified employees and its elements include recruitment, selection, training and performance appraisal. Recruitment is the process of attracting job candidates while selection involves evaluating candidates and hiring.
Organizational climate refers to the environment of a workplace that influences employee behavior and performance. It was introduced in the 1940s to describe patterns affecting human behavior. An organization's climate is influenced by factors like its context, structure, leadership, physical environment, and values. It mechanisms include operating as a constraint through rewards/punishments, facilitating self- and other- evaluation, acting as a stimulus, and helping employees develop perceptions. A sound organizational climate is created through effective communication, participative decision-making, responsiveness to change, concern for people, and technological modernization.
The document discusses four types of plans: contingency plans, which are made when unexpected changes are needed; operational plans, which describe day-to-day operations and can be single-use or ongoing; strategic plans, which provide a long-term vision for the organization; and tactical plans, which outline the specific actions needed to achieve strategic goals on a shorter timescale. It also includes a quiz to test understanding of the different types of plans.
MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES - FEATURES, PROCESS, BENEFITS, LIMITATIONSAMALDASKH
Management by Objectives (MBO) is a management system where each member participates in setting objectives. The process of MBO involves defining organizational objectives and goals for each section. It then sets subordinates' objectives, matches resources to objectives, and has periodic review meetings. MBO aims to combine long-term goals with short-term goals through participation in objective setting at all levels, but it can be time-consuming and fail to explain its philosophy clearly. Effective objectives should be specific, attainable, innovative, and ranked by importance when set according to MBO.
Controlling is the process of measuring and correcting performance to ensure goals are met. It involves establishing standards, measuring performance against those standards, identifying deviations, and taking corrective action. Controlling is important for accomplishing goals, ensuring efficient resource use, improving employee motivation, and facilitating coordination. There are three types of controlling: feed-forward which establishes policies before work, concurrent which monitors work in real-time, and feedback which examines past performance to improve. An effective control system is accurate, timely, objective, focused on key areas, economically realistic, and accepted by employees.
These slides present the organizing part in Principles of Management that includes nature & purpose of organizing, formal and informal organization, organization chart and structure, line & staff authority, departmentalization, delegation of authority, training & development, performance management and career planning & management
Organizing involves structuring relationships between people, work, and facilities to achieve goals. An organizational structure establishes the framework for how managers and subordinates operate. Work is divided among members and grouped according to similar activities and specialist workers to achieve objectives. An organization chart illustrates key aspects of structure including division of work, management hierarchy, work nature, work grouping, and management levels. Organizations determine span of management as either wide (flat) or narrow (steep) and departmentalize by function, product, geography, customer, or matrix. Authority refers to the right to make decisions and direct subordinates' work.
Organizing is the management function that coordinates human and other resources to implement plans and achieve objectives. It involves defining roles and responsibilities, assigning tasks, arranging resources, and establishing an organizational structure. Organizing establishes coordination, authority, and communication within a group working toward common goals. It is a fundamental part of any organization.
The document discusses different types of organization structures. It describes line organization as having a simple structure with authority flowing directly from superiors to subordinates. Functional organization divides work by specialized functions and departments, allowing for greater specialization but weaker controls. Committee organization involves groups making decisions collectively to benefit from diverse perspectives but potentially causing delays. Line and staff organization combines the line structure with expert staff supporting management with advice.
This document discusses organizational structures and their key characteristics. It defines an organization as a social unit of people systematically structured to meet goals on an ongoing basis. All organizations have a management structure that determines relationships and allocates roles. There are four main types of organizational structures: tall, flat, virtual, and boundaryless. Tall structures have many management levels and a strict chain of command, while flat structures empower employees with broader responsibilities and more autonomy. Virtual structures use technology to connect people who primarily interact electronically. Boundaryless structures are highly flexible and collaborative with fewer predefined boundaries. Organizational structures impact effectiveness, efficiency, communication, and overall success.
The document discusses formal and informal organization. A formal organization refers to the clearly defined job structure, communication channels, and delegation of authority as prescribed by management. It aims to avoid conflicts and overlapping responsibilities. An informal organization arises naturally from personal relationships between employees based on attributes like friendship rather than formal roles. While informal groups can boost motivation, they can also hinder productivity and spread rumors.
PLANNING IN MANAGEMENT,DEFINITION CHARACTERISTICS, IMPORTANCE AND LIMITATIONSAMALDASKH
Planning is the primary function of management and involves determining the best course of action in advance to achieve organizational objectives. Planning has several key characteristics including being an intellectual process that looks to the future, being continuous, and being required at all levels of management. Planning provides advantages such as better resource utilization, minimizing uncertainties, and improving competitive strength. The planning process involves analyzing internal and external environments, setting objectives, developing alternative courses of action, and carrying out the chosen plan.
Line organization is the oldest and simplest type of administrative organization where authority flows from top to bottom in a scalar chain of command. There are two main types: pure line organization where all individuals at a given level perform the same work, and departmental line organization where the unit is divided into departments for control purposes. Key advantages include simplicity, fixed responsibility, unity of control, and prompt decision making. Disadvantages include a lack of specialization, potential for excess work or favoritism, and limited communication. Functional organization is based on specialization by function or role and allows for decentralized decision making through specialized units or persons.
Planning is an essential function of management. Effective planning results in early achievement of objectives.
For more such innovative content on management studies, join WeSchool PGDM-DLP Program: http://bit.ly/ZEcPAc
The document discusses line organization and functional organization. Line organization is the oldest and simplest form, with authority flowing from top to bottom in a scalar chain. It allows for unified control but lacks specialization. Functional organization divides activities into specialized functions like operations and finance, with functional specialists providing guidance. This allows for greater efficiency and specialization but can cause confusion and lack of coordination due to multiple authorities. Both organization types have merits like simplicity and expertise, as well as demerits like overreliance and conflicts between specialists.
The document discusses organizational structure and design. It defines organizational structure as how interrelated groups within an organization are arranged, with a focus on effective communication and coordination. The document then examines formal and informal organizational structures and charts, as well as the factors that influence organizational design both internally such as leadership, communication and mission, and externally such as size, life cycle, strategy and environment. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of formal and informal structures.
The document discusses different types of organizational structures. It describes line organization, functional organization, line and staff organization, committee organization, matrix organization, virtual organization, cellular organization, team organization, boundaryless organization, and inverted pyramid organization. It provides details on the key characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each structure.
This document provides an overview of controlling processes in supervision. It defines controlling, lists its objectives, and describes the controlling process and types of control. The controlling process involves establishing objectives and standards, measuring actual performance, comparing results to objectives, and taking corrective actions. Effective control is strategic, results-oriented, understandable, encourages self-control, is timely and exception-oriented, positive in nature, fair and objective, and flexible. The types of control discussed are preliminary, concurrent, post-action, internal, and external controls. Learners are expected to describe controlling concepts and demonstrate understanding of an effective controlling process.
Controlling is a management function that involves monitoring performance, ensuring desired results are achieved, and that individuals and groups work consistently with short and long term plans. It establishes objectives and standards, measures actual performance, compares results to objectives, and takes necessary corrective action. There are different types of controls including preliminary, concurrent, and postaction controls. Controls can be internal, allowing self-control, or external through direct managerial action. Organizational control systems include processes, policies, performance management, and compensation.
This document discusses different types of organization structures, including line, functional, line and staff, matrix, and committee structures. It provides details on the key characteristics of each structure and lists their main advantages and disadvantages. The main types covered are line (simplest form with owner making decisions), functional (divided by specialized functions), line and staff (combines line executives and staff experts), matrix (divided by functions and projects), and committee (group discusses problems and solutions).
This document discusses organizational structure and behavior. It defines organizational structure as the formal divisions, groupings, and coordination of job tasks within an organization. The key elements of organizational structure are identified as work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization/decentralization, and formalization. Different organizational designs like the simple structure, bureaucracy, team structure, and virtual organization are also summarized. The document then introduces organizational behavior as the study of how individuals and groups act within organizations. Interpersonal skills that are important for interacting with others are listed as well.
The document provides an overview of organizing and staffing concepts in management. It defines organizing as arranging work to accomplish goals and includes principles of organization like objectives and specialization. It also discusses types of organization structures like functional, line and staff. Staffing involves acquiring and retaining qualified employees and its elements include recruitment, selection, training and performance appraisal. Recruitment is the process of attracting job candidates while selection involves evaluating candidates and hiring.
Organizational climate refers to the environment of a workplace that influences employee behavior and performance. It was introduced in the 1940s to describe patterns affecting human behavior. An organization's climate is influenced by factors like its context, structure, leadership, physical environment, and values. It mechanisms include operating as a constraint through rewards/punishments, facilitating self- and other- evaluation, acting as a stimulus, and helping employees develop perceptions. A sound organizational climate is created through effective communication, participative decision-making, responsiveness to change, concern for people, and technological modernization.
The document discusses four types of plans: contingency plans, which are made when unexpected changes are needed; operational plans, which describe day-to-day operations and can be single-use or ongoing; strategic plans, which provide a long-term vision for the organization; and tactical plans, which outline the specific actions needed to achieve strategic goals on a shorter timescale. It also includes a quiz to test understanding of the different types of plans.
MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES - FEATURES, PROCESS, BENEFITS, LIMITATIONSAMALDASKH
Management by Objectives (MBO) is a management system where each member participates in setting objectives. The process of MBO involves defining organizational objectives and goals for each section. It then sets subordinates' objectives, matches resources to objectives, and has periodic review meetings. MBO aims to combine long-term goals with short-term goals through participation in objective setting at all levels, but it can be time-consuming and fail to explain its philosophy clearly. Effective objectives should be specific, attainable, innovative, and ranked by importance when set according to MBO.
Controlling is the process of measuring and correcting performance to ensure goals are met. It involves establishing standards, measuring performance against those standards, identifying deviations, and taking corrective action. Controlling is important for accomplishing goals, ensuring efficient resource use, improving employee motivation, and facilitating coordination. There are three types of controlling: feed-forward which establishes policies before work, concurrent which monitors work in real-time, and feedback which examines past performance to improve. An effective control system is accurate, timely, objective, focused on key areas, economically realistic, and accepted by employees.
These slides present the organizing part in Principles of Management that includes nature & purpose of organizing, formal and informal organization, organization chart and structure, line & staff authority, departmentalization, delegation of authority, training & development, performance management and career planning & management
Organizing involves structuring relationships between people, work, and facilities to achieve goals. An organizational structure establishes the framework for how managers and subordinates operate. Work is divided among members and grouped according to similar activities and specialist workers to achieve objectives. An organization chart illustrates key aspects of structure including division of work, management hierarchy, work nature, work grouping, and management levels. Organizations determine span of management as either wide (flat) or narrow (steep) and departmentalize by function, product, geography, customer, or matrix. Authority refers to the right to make decisions and direct subordinates' work.
Organizing is the management function that coordinates human and other resources to implement plans and achieve objectives. It involves defining roles and responsibilities, assigning tasks, arranging resources, and establishing an organizational structure. Organizing establishes coordination, authority, and communication within a group working toward common goals. It is a fundamental part of any organization.
The document discusses job structuring, which involves formally defining tasks, jobs, and authority to accomplish organizational goals. It is done through job descriptions and specifications. Job structuring aims to properly assign tasks, prevent redundancy or conflicts, and establish reporting lines. Organizational behavior, such as employee responses to rewards and stimuli, is also impacted. Different job structuring strategies like job rotation, enrichment, and quality of work life programs are covered.
This two-day training program provides an overview of planning and organizing skills. Day one covers the fundamentals of management, planning, and applying a six-step planning process. Day two focuses on the definition and key elements of organizing, as well as delegation. Interactive activities are used to apply planning and organizing concepts to the National Integrated Policy Management Operations (NIPMO) work environment. The training aims to help participants effectively plan and manage resources through goal setting, strategy development, and monitoring outcomes.
This document discusses key concepts related to organizing as a management function. It defines organizing and explains that it involves developing an organizational structure and allocating resources to achieve objectives. Some key elements of organizing discussed include departmentalization, the span of management, centralization vs decentralization, and defining reporting relationships and delegating responsibilities through an organization chart. The document also outlines different types of organizational structures like functional, divisional, and matrix structures.
Planning involves establishing relationships between facts and activities to achieve predetermined objectives. Organizing establishes authority and responsibility structures to execute plans. Staffing involves hiring the right employees with the right qualifications. Directing guides and supervises employees to achieve objectives. Coordination is needed at every management stage to ensure work is completed without duplication. Reporting keeps open communication channels to share information and monitor progress. Budgeting allocates resources in advance and holds employees accountable for their use.
The chapter discusses organizing as determining tasks, assigning responsibilities, and coordinating work. It defines organizing and explains why managers organize. The organizing process involves determining tasks, defining relationships, and developing the organizational design. There are different types of organizational structures like functional, product, and customer-based structures. Managers must determine the appropriate span of control and use tools like organizational charts, delegation, and coordination to structure relationships and work flows in the organization.
This document discusses the process of organizing as a management function. It defines organizing as dividing work activities into departments and groups, assigning duties, and establishing authority and responsibility. The key steps in organizing are determining objectives, listing activities, grouping activities, determining positions, delegating duties, and establishing relationships between positions. Organizing establishes the formal organizational structure through departments, charts, and allocation of authority. Informal organization also occurs naturally through social groups.
The document discusses the design of management structures. It notes that management involves organization, planning, direction, controlling, decision making, and other functions. As a business expands, specialist operations are formed and general management functions may be retained by the owner. A hierarchical structure consists of basic building blocks like functional groups, departments, and organizational units. Management groups can be functional, horizontal, mixed, or matrix. The matrix structure combines the efficiency of functional groups with the effectiveness of mixed groups by integrating people from different functions for projects.
The document discusses the design of management structures. It notes that management involves organization, planning, direction, controlling, decision making, and other functions. As a business expands, specialist operations are formed and general management functions may be retained by the owner. A hierarchical structure consists of basic building blocks like functional groups, departments, and organizational units. Management groups can be functional, horizontal, mixed, or matrix. The matrix structure combines the efficiency of functional groups with the effectiveness of mixed groups by integrating people from different functions for projects.
This document discusses the organization of health services. It begins by introducing organizational structure and its importance through organizational charts or organograms. It then covers organizational theory, including classical and modern approaches. The document defines organizing and organization, and discusses the process of organizing which includes differentiation and integration of activities. It outlines principles of organizing according to EFL Brech, and covers the importance and types of organizational structures such as line, line and staff, and formal and informal structures. The importance of organizational structure through organograms is also highlighted.
Organizing: Nursing Managerial Function Shanta Peter
Organizing involves establishing relationships between tasks to be performed, individuals to perform them, and necessary physical elements. It is the process of determining what tasks need to be done, who will do them, how tasks are grouped, who reports to whom, and how decisions are made. Effective organizing depends on concepts like work specialization, chain of command, authority, delegation, span of control, and centralization versus decentralization. The main aspects of organizing are tasks, work force, and other elements needed to complete tasks effectively.
This document discusses the concept of organizing in management. It defines organizing as assigning duties, grouping tasks, delegating authority and responsibility, and allocating resources to carry out a specific plan. The key aspects of organizing covered include determining objectives, listing activities, grouping activities into departments, determining positions, delegating authority and responsibility, and establishing relationships between groups. Both formal and informal organization structures are examined. The organizing process involves six steps: determining objectives, preparing activity lists, grouping activities, determining positions, delegating authority and responsibility, and establishing interrelationships.
Management involves using resources to achieve goals. Resources include money, people, time, procedures, materials, equipment and energy. Goals include profit, growth, quality standards, social responsibility and professional obligations. Management is the process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling human efforts to achieve organizational objectives. It involves decision making, delegation of authority with accountability, and working with people. The 14 principles of management outlined by Fayol include division of work, authority and responsibility, discipline, unity of command and others. Functions of management include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting. Management requires traits like fairness, trustworthiness, caring and empowerment.
Job analysis is the process of collecting information about the duties, skills, and requirements of a job. It provides essential information for human resource planning, recruitment, job evaluation, training and development, performance appraisal, job design, compensation, organizational design, and workplace safety. A job analysis identifies the key tasks and responsibilities of a job, the skills and qualifications required to perform the job, and how the job is performed. This information is used to develop job descriptions and job specifications.
This document provides guidance on creating an Individual Development Plan (IDP). It outlines the purpose and benefits of an IDP for both employees and organizations. An IDP is a written plan that describes an employee's career goals, competencies needed to meet those goals, and developmental activities to build those competencies. The document provides steps for employees and supervisors to work together to identify goals, competencies, and activities. It also lists types of developmental activities and responsibilities of employees and supervisors in preparing and reviewing an IDP.
Planning your week involves reviewing the previous week, setting goals and priorities for the upcoming week, creating a schedule or calendar, accounting for important events and deadlines, and breaking large tasks into smaller chunks. Specifically, you should reflect on accomplishments and challenges from the prior week, determine both personal and professional goals and tasks to focus on, allocate time for specific activities and self-care in your calendar, ensure key meetings and deadlines are scheduled, and break down large projects into manageable steps with estimated timelines.
This document discusses job analysis, role analysis, job design, and human resource planning. It defines key terms like job, role, job analysis, and human resource planning. It describes the process of job analysis and its importance. It also outlines different job design techniques like job rotation, enlargement, enrichment, work teams, and autonomous work groups. Finally, it discusses the human resource planning process, considerations, and benefits and difficulties of human resource planning.
- Job analysis is the process of systematically studying and recording all details about a job. It involves identifying duties, skills required, tools used, and relationships within the job.
- The main outputs of job analysis are the job description and job specification. The job description outlines the tasks and responsibilities of a role, while the job specification describes the qualifications a candidate must have to perform the job successfully.
- Job analysis provides information useful for human resource functions like recruitment, training, performance reviews, and more. It helps ensure the right people are hired for the right roles.
DEPARTMENTAL WORK PLANS AND ACTION APLANS-1.pptBruceChileshe
This document outlines a capacity building workshop for heads of departments and senior teachers on developing work plans at the institutional, departmental, and individual levels. It defines what a work plan is and discusses the components of an annual work plan including objectives, targets, activities, schedules, budgets, and assumptions. Participants are instructed to develop a sample departmental work plan and individual work plan covering the key areas of objectives, targets, activities, and timelines. Effective work plans are presented as important management tools for institutions, departments, and individuals to plan their work and assess performance.
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Data types in java | What is Datatypes in Java | Learning with RD | Created b...rahuldaredia21
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PSTN is the global collection of interconnects originally designed to support circuit switched voice communication.
The PSTN provides traditional Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS), also known as “landline phone” service , to residences & many other establishments.
Parts of the PSTN are also utilized for DSL, voIP & other Internet based network technologies.
The document outlines the steps in a typical recruitment process, which includes an application with qualifications being sent to a recruitment officer. Candidates then take various tests depending on the employer, like IQ tests, skill tests, and personality tests. Shortlisted candidates are called for personal interviews. References and medical examinations are also conducted. Successful candidates then receive offer letters detailing the job requirements, compensation, and organizational policies.
Java was created by a team of programmers at
Sun Microsystems in 1991.
It look 18 months to develop the first working version.
Actually, their original goal was to create a computer language that could be used to build programs that would run in any different execution environments
Resource records define data types in the Domain Name System and are stored internally in binary format for DNS software but sent across networks in text format during zone transfers. Each resource record contains a domain name, class, type, time to live, and value fields, mapping domain names to associated data like IP addresses depending on the record type.
A host uses a DNS resolver to query the closest DNS server to map a domain name to an IP address or vice versa. If the server does not have the mapping information, it will refer the resolver to other servers. The nslookup utility can be used in UNIX and Windows systems to perform name-address resolutions by supplying either a domain name or IP address.
directory service is a network service and i will describe in this presentation that how identifies directory service and other description also added.
DHCP is a client/server protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and DNS addresses to computers on a network. It allows network administrators to centrally manage and automate IP address assignment, distributing new IP addresses when computers move locations within the network. Without DHCP, IP addresses would need to be manually configured on each computer.
The document outlines the steps for designing a new computer network, including gathering information about current infrastructure and needs, analyzing business goals, determining new applications to support, developing the network structure, choosing appropriate hardware, designing a scalable topology, estimating performance, assessing costs, implementing the design, and monitoring the new network. It also discusses factors like network scale (LAN, WAN, CAN), applications, users, network services, and security considerations.
This document summarizes the architecture of Active Directory, including its primary components. It describes how Active Directory stores data in objects that have attributes and are organized via a customizable schema. Objects are stored in containers, the main types being domains, sites, and organizational units. There are two types of objects - container objects that hold other objects, and leaf objects that are located at the ends of the hierarchical structure. The document also discusses how objects are named and referenced in Active Directory.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
2. 1. Clarification of Objectives
• Before formation of organizational
structure , it is necessary to have the
clearly defined goals & its proper
understanding.
• The main & the sub goals should be
properly interpreted & on the basis of
which organization is formed.
CREATED BY – RAHUL DAREDIA
3. 2. List of Functions
• After having clearly defined goals, with
the helps of organizational structure, the
list of work to be done is prepared.
• At the time of preparing such as list it is
ensured that not a single task is left or is
repeated, and a special care taken for the
same.
• Hence the list of functions should be
prepared on the basis of its proper
consideration & the final distribution
should be done.
CREATED BY – RAHUL DAREDIA
4. 3. Departmentation of Function
• Once when the first list of functions
is prepared , the work area similar
in nature are classified & similar
functions are placed together , then
the division of work is done
accordingly.
• Work is divided as per purchase
area, sales area, accounts area, etc.
• Then work division & specification
is planned.
CREATED BY – RAHUL DAREDIA
5. 4. To Determine Department Position &
Abilities
• Once when the work is properly, the task to have proper persons
to handle the responsibilities are created as per positions &
abilities are planned accordingly.
CREATED BY – RAHUL DAREDIA
6. 5. The Delegation of power &
Responsibilities
• Divisional heads, sub divisional heads and skill based heads are
finalized and then all the heads should be given power and
responsibilities so that they can perform their work well.
• In addition to that , clarification should be done of each person ’s
post.
CREATED BY – RAHUL DAREDIA
7. 6. Establishment of Inter Relationship
• After the proper distribution of work , and delegation of power
and responsibilities among different department personnel, the
function of inter relations should be made clear.
CREATED BY – RAHUL DAREDIA
8. 7. To Prepare Organizational Chart
• In order to enable the people to have the perfect idea of each one
’s positions, a proper map should be prepared.
CREATED BY – RAHUL DAREDIA