This document discusses processes and process states in operating systems. It defines a process as a program in execution that can exist in different states. The main states are new, ready, running, blocked, and terminated. A process can transition between these states, such as moving from ready to running when assigned CPU resources or from running to blocked when waiting for a required resource. An additional suspended state is used when a process is swapped out of memory. The document provides detailed descriptions of each state and the transitions between them.

1. Process And
Process States

2. CONTENT:
 Introduction
 Process
 Process States
 Process State Transition
 State Transition Description
 Suspended Process

3. PROCESS
 Process is a Programme in an Execution State.
 It is Asynchronous and Dispatchable unit.
 In all multiprogramming system that can
support thousands of users follow the concept
of process.
 Creation and Deletion of both user and system
process.
 The scheduling of that process provision of
mechanism or synchronisation.

4. PROCESS STATES
 The process state is an indicator of the nature
of the current activity in a process.
 The notion of process state is introduced to
simplify control of process by the operating
system.

5. Running
Ready
completion Terminated
Blocked
New process
Resource granted or
wait completed
Resource or
wait request

6. STATE TRANSITION
DESCRIPTION
 Ready  Running
The process is dispatchable . CPU starts or
resources execution of its instruction.
 Blocked Ready
The process is pre-empted because the OS decides
to schedule some other process.
 Running Blocked
The program being executed makes a system call
To indicate that it wishes to wait until some resources
request made bye it is satisfied , or until a specific
event occurs in the system . Five major causes of
blocking are:

7. • Process requests an I/O operation.
• Process request memory or some other resources.
• Process wishes to wait for a specified interval of time.
• Process waits for message from another process.
• Process wishes to wait for some action by another process.
 Running Terminated
• Self-Termination
• Termination by a parent
• Exceeding resource utilisation
• Abnormal conditions during execution
• Incorrect interaction with other process.

8. SUSPENDED PROCESS
 In addition to four fundamental process states , an OS
uses a fifth state called suspend state.
 The state of such a process is changed to ready to
blocked when its operation is to be resumed.
 The suspended state differs from the blocked state in
that the reason for suspension is external to the activity
in the process, while the reason of blocking is internal to
its own activity . Two typical causes of suspension are:
 A process is moved out of memory , it is swapped out.
 The user who initiated a process specifies that a
process should not be scheduled until some conditions
is satisfied.

9.  Two suspend states called ready swapped and
blocked swapped.
 Transitions from the ready to ready swapped state
and blocked to blocked swapped state are caused
by a swap-out action.
 The blocked swapped transition takes place if the
request for which the process was waiting is
granted even while the process is in a suspended
state.

10. Ready
Swapped
Blocked
Swapped
B
Resource granted or
wait complete
Swap out Swap in
Swap out Swap in

11. THANK YOU

12. ANY QUERIES?