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Problems in forest soil and their management
- 1. PROBLEMS IN FORESTSOIL AND THEIR MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED TO College of Forestry Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology
- 2. FOREST SOIL Any soilthat has developed under the influence of forest cover How it differs from other soil??? Unique effects of deep rooting by trees Specific organisms associated with forest vegetation Litter layer and leaching promoted by its decomposition
- 3. PHYSICAL PROBLEMS IN FORESTSOIL Slow permeable soil Excessively permeable soil Sub soil hardening or hardpan Surface crusting Shallow soil Waterlogged and marshy soil
- 4. SLOW PERMEABLE SOIL Lowinfiltration rate (6cm/day) due to high clay content Results in surface runoff and nutrient removal Management Drainage by open or close sub surface drain Forming contour and compartmental bunding Adding river sand to change soil texture Application of FYM, compost, composted coir pith etc.
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- 6. EXCESSIVELY PERMEABLE SOIL Having morethan 70% sand Inert, unable to retain nutrient and water due to absence of finer particles and organic matter Management Application of clay soil (100 tonnes/ha) to make soil texture finer Application of organic matter to improve aggregation
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- 8. SUB SOIL HARDENINGOR HARDPAN Occurs in red soils due to illuviation of clay + oxides of Fe, Al and CaCO3 Prevents root proliferation and limits nutrient uptake Management Application of organic manures to improve the aggregation and the soil structure Cultivation of deep rooted crops to encourage breaking of the hardpan
- 9. SUB SOIL HARDENINGOR HARDPAN
- 10. SURFACE CRUSTING Surface hardinessdue to presence of colloidal oxides of iron and aluminium Prevents seed germination, inhibition of root growth, increase in surface runoff and poor nodule formation Management Application of 2 tonnes of lime/ha Application of 12.5 tonne s of organic manure/ha Growing of resistant spp.
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- 12. SHALLOW SOIL Presence ofparent rock immediately below the soil surface Restricts root elongation & spreading Management Frequent renewal of soil fertility Breaking of hard rocks by ploughing
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- 14. WATERLOGGED AND MARSHY SOIL Resultingin restriction of normal circulation of air Decline in level of oxygen & increases the level of CO2 Management Sufficient drainage to remove excess water both from surface & sub-surface Appropriate land use i.e. use land for suitable tree species such as Bamboo & Eucalyptus
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- 16. CHEMICAL PROBLEMS IN FORESTSOIL Salt affected soil Alkaline soil Saline soil Acid soil
- 17. SALT AFFECTED SOIL Causesimbalance in nutrient uptake & absorption of water due to excess soluble salts, high concentrated ions 2 types, Alkaline soil – pH > 8.5, carry carbonates and bicarbonates, found in semiarid and subhumid climate Saline soil – pH < 8.5, carry chlorides and sulphates, found in arid and semiarid climate Management Leaching of excess salts with good quality irrigation water for saline soil Suitable Ca supplement for alkali soil Incorporation of sand to increase soil permeability and improve air–water relation in root zone
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- 20. ACID SOIL Formed dueto leaching of bases in high rain fall zones and development of soils of acidic parent material Deficient in secondary nutrients like Ca and Mg Management Application of lime Selection of suitable tree spp. Application of biofertilizer (P solubilising bacteria) Application of FYM
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- 23. CONCLUSION The challenge ofmanaging problematic soil is 3 fold, To utilize problematic barren lands for plantation purpose To provide adequate nutrients to the plants in the area To ensure that inputs in balance with plant utilization As soil is at the heart of terrestrial ecology, human should be well aware to preserve and make good use of it.
- 24. REFERENCES Google – http;//www.google.com Nature& Properties of Soil (13th edition), N.C. Brady Indian Forestry, S. Prabhu
- 25. For in theend, we’ll conserve only what we love, We’ll love only what we understand And we’ll understand only what we are taught Baba Dioum African Conservationist Thank You