This document provides an introduction to the concepts of probability. It discusses the history of probability, which began as a problem posed by a gambler to mathematicians Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat. It then defines key probability terms and concepts like trial, outcome, and event. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating probability, such as the probability of various outcomes when flipping a coin or rolling a die. The document concludes with a summary of the main topics covered.

3. • Players of probability
• Introduction
• History of probability
- A gambler’s game
- Founders
• Yes or No game ( coin toss )
• The game of dice
• Activities related to basic probability
• Quizzes with solutions
• Conclusion

4. Characters and
their roles

5. Jerry ( A small
cartoon mouse,
accompany you with
asking and explaining
questions)

6. Tom ( A cat who will fight
against jerry when jerry won
any of the task )

7. Bheem ( A small powerful
boy who will help you in
solving tasks and questions )

8. Johnny ( A boy who
likes to face difficult
problems )

10. In our day to day life , we often hear some
words, which are given below :-
 Probably
 Certain
 Chance
 Luck
In this PPT you will discuss about this in
detail

11. The word probability means
something happening is likely and
unlikely to happen, it is expressed
in fractions or decimals or in
percentage

12. Probability terms
Trial :-
An action which results in one
or several outcomes
Outcome :-
A situation that occurs at the end
Event :-
A thing that happens in a
particular situation

14. Did you know ?
Probability first started by a gambler, who had
put forth a task to two mathematician :-
 Blaisie Pascal
 Pierre de Fermat
The game consisted in throwing a pair of dice
24 times; the problem was to decide whether or
not to bet even money on the occurrence of at
least one "double six" during the 24 throws.
Now we’ll see the two mathematician

15. Blaissie Pascal Pierre De Fermat

16. The problem and others posed by de Méré led to an
exchange of letters between Pascal and Fermat in
which the fundamental principles of probability
theory were formulated for the first time. Although
a few special problems on games of chance had
been solved by some Italian mathematicians in the
15th and 16th centuries, no general theory was
developed before this famous correspondence.

17. Probability Formula
Let “n” be the number of trials, the empirical probability is
P(E) = Number of trials in which the event happened
Total number of trials

19. Heads or Tails
Heads
No, it’s
Tails

20. What is the answer ?
Its Heads , Jerry won the task
Stupid ! You cheesy
fellow, how dare you
are laughing at me

22. A Dice is a playing equipment with a shape
of cube which contains six standard units.
It is used in number of games like Ludo,
backgammon, dice 100000, snake and
ladders etc…

24. 1. Anish tossed a coin 20 times, see the
table given below :-
Number of times
coin tossed
Number of times
heads turn up
Number of times
tails turn up
20 7 13
What is the probability of heads ?
What is the probability of tails ?

25. Can you remember the formula ?
P(E) = No. of outcomes
Total no. of outcomes
Number of times heads turn up =13
Probability of heads = 13/20
Number of times tails turn up = 7
Probability of tails = 7/20

26. Arjun thrown dice 20 times
No. of
times dice
throwed
1 2 3 4 5 6
20 3 5 2 8 1 1
 What is the probability of getting number 2 ?
 What is the probability of getting number 4 ?

27. Total number of times dice thrown = 20
Outcome of number 2 = 5
Outcome of number 4 = 8
Probability of getting number 2 = 5/20 = 1/4
Probability of getting number 4 = 8/20 = 4/5

28. Answer the
upcoming questions

29. A coin is tossed 1000 times with the following
frequencies :-
Outcome Heads Tails
Frequency 455 545
Compute the
probability for each
event

30. Number of times coin tossed = 1000
Number of times heads turn up =455
Number of times tails turn up = 545
Probability of heads = 455/1000 =
91/200
Probability of tails = 545/1000 =
109/200

31.  50 Plants were sown in five different
colonies A, B, C, D and E. After 30 days,
the number of plants survived as
follows:-
Colony A B C D E
No. of plants
survived
40 45 42 38 41
What is the probability that :-
More than 40 plants survived in a colony ?
Less than 41 plants survived in a colony ?

32. We have total number of colonies = 5
a) Number of colonies in which more than 40 plants survived =
3 ( B, C and E )
Therefore P ( more than 40 plants survived in a colony ) = 3/5
b) Number of colonies in which less than 41 plants survived =
2 ( A and D )
Therefore P ( less than 41 plants survived in a colony ) = 2/5

33. Friends, I think you are clear
with the problems , now we
will go to an another example
of probability, see the picture
given in the next slide

35. Now answer these questions :-
 What is the probability of
getting spade cards ?
 Compute the probability of
getting Ace cards ?
 Find the probability of getting
number 10 ?

36. Total number of card in a deck = 52
Number of spade cards = 13
Probability of getting spade = 13/52 = ¼
Number of Ace cards = 4
Probability of getting ace cards = 4/52 =
1/13
Number of cards “10” = 4
Probability of getting cards 10 = 4/52 =1/13

37. Friends, Let us
have some fun with
pictures related to
probability

41. C
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U
S
I
O
N

42. Let us summarize
the lesson

43.  Probability is a quantitative
measure of certainty.
 The sum of the probabilities of all
elementary events of an
experiment is 1.
 Probability of an event lies
between 1 and 0
 Probability can never be negative

44.  A pack of cards consists of 52 cards which are
divided into 4 suits of 13 cards each.
 Each suit contains one ace, one king, one
queen, one jack and other 9 cards numbered
from 2 to 10.
Four suits are :-
Spade
Hearts
Diamonds
Clubs

45. Don’t Forget the formula
P(E) = Number of outcomes
Total number of outcomes

46. This PPT is
prepared by
R.Akilan
IX std
Roll no. 922

47. T
H
A
N
K
Y
O
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