This document summarizes the priorities for environmental, health, and safety research needs for engineered nanoscale materials as determined by the National Nanotechnology Initiative's Nanotechnology Environmental and Health Implications Working Group. It outlines three principles for prioritizing research: prioritizing based on the value of information gained to reduce uncertainty about risks and benefits, leveraging other research funded by other groups when appropriate, and using adaptive management to periodically update priorities. Based on these principles and public comments, the working group identified five priority research areas within each of five broad categories of EHS research needs and defined the twenty-five specific priority research needs.
Interagency Coordination of Biometrics and Forensic RDT&EDuane Blackburn
Description of biometric and forensic science activities of the National Science and Technology Council. Presented at the 2011 DoD Biometrics and Forensics RDT&E Forum.
This document discusses using industry gate reviews as a method to facilitate senior capstone design projects in bioengineering. It describes setting up partnerships with biomedical companies who provide design proposals and funding for student teams. Students work on clinically relevant projects and go through a series of design gate reviews with faculty and industry mentors. This model aims to give students real-world industry experience while also supporting the bioengineering design program.
Image Analysis of Periapical Radiograph for Bone Mineral Density Prediction IJECEIAES
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease. Parameter from any bone site in the body has possibility to be developed as a predictor of osteoporosis. The alteration in the mandible trabecular bone is visible in periapical radiographs. The aim of this study was to correlate the area parameter and the integrated density of periapical radiograph with bone mineral density. Image analysis of periapical radiograph i.e. measurement of area parameter and integrated density was done on Region of Interest (ROI) by using canny edge detection method. Result of this study showed that the area parameter has asignificant (α<0.05) negative correlation with the bone mass density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (r = -0.371) and T-score of the lumbar spine (r = -0.383). The linear regression test showed that the area parameter only can be used to predict T-score of the lumbar spine (F=5.822, α<0.05). The integrated density showed a significant (α < 0.05) negative correlation with T-score of hip (r = -0.332) and T-score of lumbar spine (r = -0.377). It can be concluded that the area parameter can be used as one of input parameters for computeraided system of osteoporosis early detection by using periapical radiograph.
Human gait recognition using preprocessing and classification techniques IJECEIAES
Biometric recognition systems have been attracted numerous researchers since they attempt to overcome the problems and factors weakening these systems including problems of obtaining images indeed not appearing the resolution or the object completely. In this work, the object movement reliance was considered to distinguish the human through his/her gait. Some losing features probably weaken the system’s capability in recognizing the people, hence, we propose using all data recorded by the Kinect sensor with no employing the feature extraction methods based on the literature. In these studies, coordinates of 20 points are recorded for each person in various genders and ages, walking with various directions and speeds, creating 8404 constraints. Moreover, pre-processing methods are utilized to measure its influences on the system efficiency through testing on six types of classifiers. Within the proposed approach, a noteworthy recognition rate was obtained reaching 91% without examining the descriptors.
The document summarizes a presentation on migrant health care in Europe given by Allan Krasnik from the University of Copenhagen. It discusses key issues in migration and migrant health research, including definitions of migration, health inequalities faced by migrants, and factors that affect migrant health. It also outlines challenges in migrant health research, such as the need for multidisciplinary and international collaboration, as well as large cohort studies of migrants. In conclusion, the presentation argues that migration is an inevitable part of human history and that Europe will always receive migrants, so public health policies and research must address migrant health issues.
This document discusses different types of research including quantitative, qualitative, primary, secondary, and self-generated research. It explains that quantitative research uses measurements while qualitative research seeks insights through verbal data. Primary research involves collecting your own data through surveys or interviews. Secondary research uses other people's findings from sources like books or the internet. Self-generated research involves documenting events yourself through photos, video, or audio. The document also outlines purposes of research like audience, market, and production research. It provides examples to illustrate how different organizations conduct and apply various research methods.
The document discusses the importance and functions of research. It states that research corrects and expands perceptions by gathering new information on topics that are not well understood. Research also develops and evaluates concepts, practices, theories, and methods for testing these ideas. Additionally, research provides factual information to inform planning, decision-making, and evaluations for solving real-world problems related to issues like population growth, drug addiction, and crime. The document emphasizes that research is important for advancing human knowledge and improving life, and will continue to be relevant as long as people seek to expand their understanding of the world.
Interagency Coordination of Biometrics and Forensic RDT&EDuane Blackburn
Description of biometric and forensic science activities of the National Science and Technology Council. Presented at the 2011 DoD Biometrics and Forensics RDT&E Forum.
This document discusses using industry gate reviews as a method to facilitate senior capstone design projects in bioengineering. It describes setting up partnerships with biomedical companies who provide design proposals and funding for student teams. Students work on clinically relevant projects and go through a series of design gate reviews with faculty and industry mentors. This model aims to give students real-world industry experience while also supporting the bioengineering design program.
Image Analysis of Periapical Radiograph for Bone Mineral Density Prediction IJECEIAES
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease. Parameter from any bone site in the body has possibility to be developed as a predictor of osteoporosis. The alteration in the mandible trabecular bone is visible in periapical radiographs. The aim of this study was to correlate the area parameter and the integrated density of periapical radiograph with bone mineral density. Image analysis of periapical radiograph i.e. measurement of area parameter and integrated density was done on Region of Interest (ROI) by using canny edge detection method. Result of this study showed that the area parameter has asignificant (α<0.05) negative correlation with the bone mass density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (r = -0.371) and T-score of the lumbar spine (r = -0.383). The linear regression test showed that the area parameter only can be used to predict T-score of the lumbar spine (F=5.822, α<0.05). The integrated density showed a significant (α < 0.05) negative correlation with T-score of hip (r = -0.332) and T-score of lumbar spine (r = -0.377). It can be concluded that the area parameter can be used as one of input parameters for computeraided system of osteoporosis early detection by using periapical radiograph.
Human gait recognition using preprocessing and classification techniques IJECEIAES
Biometric recognition systems have been attracted numerous researchers since they attempt to overcome the problems and factors weakening these systems including problems of obtaining images indeed not appearing the resolution or the object completely. In this work, the object movement reliance was considered to distinguish the human through his/her gait. Some losing features probably weaken the system’s capability in recognizing the people, hence, we propose using all data recorded by the Kinect sensor with no employing the feature extraction methods based on the literature. In these studies, coordinates of 20 points are recorded for each person in various genders and ages, walking with various directions and speeds, creating 8404 constraints. Moreover, pre-processing methods are utilized to measure its influences on the system efficiency through testing on six types of classifiers. Within the proposed approach, a noteworthy recognition rate was obtained reaching 91% without examining the descriptors.
The document summarizes a presentation on migrant health care in Europe given by Allan Krasnik from the University of Copenhagen. It discusses key issues in migration and migrant health research, including definitions of migration, health inequalities faced by migrants, and factors that affect migrant health. It also outlines challenges in migrant health research, such as the need for multidisciplinary and international collaboration, as well as large cohort studies of migrants. In conclusion, the presentation argues that migration is an inevitable part of human history and that Europe will always receive migrants, so public health policies and research must address migrant health issues.
This document discusses different types of research including quantitative, qualitative, primary, secondary, and self-generated research. It explains that quantitative research uses measurements while qualitative research seeks insights through verbal data. Primary research involves collecting your own data through surveys or interviews. Secondary research uses other people's findings from sources like books or the internet. Self-generated research involves documenting events yourself through photos, video, or audio. The document also outlines purposes of research like audience, market, and production research. It provides examples to illustrate how different organizations conduct and apply various research methods.
The document discusses the importance and functions of research. It states that research corrects and expands perceptions by gathering new information on topics that are not well understood. Research also develops and evaluates concepts, practices, theories, and methods for testing these ideas. Additionally, research provides factual information to inform planning, decision-making, and evaluations for solving real-world problems related to issues like population growth, drug addiction, and crime. The document emphasizes that research is important for advancing human knowledge and improving life, and will continue to be relevant as long as people seek to expand their understanding of the world.
Prioritization Ehs Research Needs Engineered Nanoscale MaterialsCaptNano
This document summarizes the priorities for environmental, health, and safety research needs for engineered nanoscale materials as determined by the Nanotechnology Environmental and Health Implications Working Group. It outlines three principles used to prioritize the research: prioritizing based on the value of information gained to reduce uncertainty about risks and benefits, leveraging other research funded by other groups when appropriate, and using adaptive management to periodically update the priorities. Based on these principles and public comments, the working group identified the top five priority research needs within each of five categories of EHS research.
A frame work for sustainability indicators at epaChinmai Hemani
This document provides guidance for using sustainability indicators within the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It defines sustainability and discusses frameworks for sustainability indicators. It also describes classifications of indicators according to the three pillars of sustainability (environmental, social, economic), Report on the Environment topics, and ORD National Programs. The document outlines a global inventory of sustainability indicators developed by EPA and how to search, sort, and filter indicators in the database. It provides recommendations for selecting indicators for national reporting, focused investigations, and integrated indexes. Finally, it discusses implementing sustainability indicators and concludes with key considerations for EPA's use of indicators.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the U.S. agency responsible for conducting research to prevent work-related injury and illness. NIOSH provides resources for safe nanotechnology including guidance documents, a nanoparticle information library, reference materials, training, and recommendations for further research needs such as developing methods to detect nanomaterials and characterize their properties. NIOSH also conducts field research at organizations working with nanomaterials to assess exposures, practices, and make recommendations to update their guidance.
This document summarizes a presentation on nanotechnology applications and implications for Superfund sites. It discusses several sessions that were part of a learning webinar series on nanotechnology, including sessions on metal and DNAPL remediation, superfund site remediation, environmental sensors, fate and transport of nanoparticles, human toxicology, ecotoxicology, and challenges around the diversity of nanoproducts. It also summarizes discussions on the end-of-life strategies for nanotechnologies, including potential entry of nanomaterials into the waste stream, and regulatory frameworks across the lifecycle of nanoproducts. Public perception concerns around nanotechnology are also briefly highlighted.
This document provides a table of contents for a book on computational toxicology. It outlines different parts of the book that cover introductions to toxicology methods, computational methods, applying computers to toxicity assessment of pharmaceuticals and the environment, and new technologies and regulatory perspectives. Each chapter is written by experts in the field and covers topics like quantitative structure-activity relationship models, predicting physicochemical properties, and using computer models in drug discovery and risk assessment.
Andrew Downes
HIQ Ltd New Zealand & Canterbury District Health Board
(Thursday, 2.30, Innovation in Practice 1)
In the days and weeks after the Canterbury earthquake, emergency response teams needed to be able to identify and support people who were at risk of adverse outcomes from a health perspective.
These people were not acutely injured during the earthquake itself. They were a potentially sizeable population of frail elderly living in the community in their own homes. They often have multiple co-morbidities and due to their low resilience could have ‘tipped over’ into needing acute care services very rapidly.
The implementation of interRAI, a national assessment tool being used by all District Health Boards allowed Canterbury DHB to receive prioritised lists from the national interRAI data warehouse, of ‘at risk’ elderly to assist the response teams to target their services.
In addition, subsequent to the earthquake a number of elderly people were moved from their homes and residential care facilities to other parts of the country. The national interRAI system was able to seamlessly move assessment and care plan records to the receiving District Health Board so that the receiving services could continue care appropriately.
The document outlines a strategic plan for the United States' Integrated Earth Observation System (IEOS). It discusses establishing IEOS to meet the country's needs for sustained Earth observation data to inform policymaking. IEOS will contribute to the Global Earth Observation System of Systems and help achieve nine societal benefit areas. The plan was developed by an interagency working group and establishes a governance structure and implementation framework for IEOS. It identifies next steps to realize IEOS, including integrating existing observation systems and addressing gaps.
This document provides a curriculum vitae for Prof. Dr. Rerum Naturalis Diplom Physiker Reinhard F. Bruch, summarizing his professional experience, education, awards, patents, publications, and areas of research interest. According to the CV, Prof. Bruch has over 40 years of experience in physics and nanotechnology research, including positions as a professor, guest professor, and research scientist. He has received numerous honors and awards for his scientific and business accomplishments.
This document summarizes the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) efforts regarding nanotechnology safety and health. It discusses that NIOSH is leading research to understand potential health impacts of nanomaterials and how to control risks. Some of NIOSH's major initiatives include studying mechanisms of nanoparticle toxicity, developing characterization and exposure monitoring methods, and investigating occupational exposure and controls. The document also reviews NIOSH's strategic plan to build a research program to address challenges of nanotechnology and fill knowledge gaps regarding the safe use and development of nanotechnology in the workplace.
This document summarizes the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) efforts regarding nanotechnology safety and health. It discusses that NIOSH is leading research to understand potential health impacts of nanomaterials and how to control risks. Some of NIOSH's major initiatives include studying mechanisms of nanoparticle toxicity, developing characterization and exposure monitoring methods, and investigating occupational exposure and controls. The document also reviews NIOSH's strategic plan to build a research program to address challenges of this emerging technology and fill knowledge gaps regarding understanding and preventing potential health issues from nanoparticles and applying nanotechnology safely.
The document provides an overview of the Human Genome Project (HGP). It describes the HGP's goal of mapping and sequencing the entire human genome. The HGP was an international research effort that worked alongside a private company, Celera Genomics, to complete a rough draft of the human genome by 2000. The completion of the HGP marked a major scientific achievement and has transformed fields like medicine, biotechnology, and genetics by providing a comprehensive map of the human genetic code.
This document discusses the risks of nanotechnology related to soil, air and water pollution. It begins by outlining the objectives of understanding the nature and characteristics of nanoparticles, the manufacturing processes used and their byproducts, and how nanoparticles may behave in the environment. It then discusses some examples of consumer products containing nanoparticles and potential health issues if nanoparticles are inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Environmental groups are concerned about a lack of research on nanoparticle impacts and the need for regulation and oversight of nanotechnology. In conclusion, while nanotechnology has potential benefits, new risk assessment and regulatory approaches may be needed to understand and mitigate potential negative environmental and health impacts.
The document provides an overview of health impact assessment (HIA) and discusses Ben Harris-Roxas' experience conducting HIAs since 2003, how HIA fits within environmental health and the social determinants of health, the typical steps involved in an HIA, and examples of different types of proposals and policies that HIAs have been applied to.
The EPA is conducting extensive internal and external research on nanotechnology to understand environmental and health implications. This research focuses on environmental fate and transport, exposure pathways, effects assessment methods, and risk analysis approaches. The goal is to develop proactive and predictive tools and strategies to manage any risks from nanomaterials while encouraging beneficial applications of the technology.
Arpad Alexander Vass's curriculum vitae provides information about his professional experience and qualifications. He has over 33 years of experience in various fields including forensic anthropology, criminal justice, biosafety, microbiology, and technology development. He has worked at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for over 20 years and currently works as the Chief Science Officer of avaSensor, Inc. and an instructor at the National Forensic Academy. Vass has extensive expertise in areas related to forensics, medicine, engineering, and national security research.
This document provides guidance for developing wastewater discharge permits under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. It was developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Water to address NPDES permit development requirements under the Clean Water Act (CWA) and EPA regulations. The guidance is intended to assist NPDES permitting authorities but does not substitute for or modify CWA or regulatory requirements.
Social networking sites allow people to share experiences and stories through new forms of online communication. This blurs distinctions between physical and virtual worlds as people increasingly live hybrid digital and offline lives. Such sites provide spaces for self-expression and community building around shared interests. They also incorporate elements of games through reward systems that keep users engaged. Going forward, social networking is likely to proliferate and blur boundaries further as broadcast and games converge, giving people more ways to both consume and actively participate in interactive narratives across physical and digital spaces.
This document summarizes a study that measures social capital within a social network. It defines two types of social capital: 1) preference-based social capital, which is based on altruism toward friends and declines with social distance; and 2) cooperative social capital, which arises from repeated interactions and cooperation between agents. The study finds evidence of both types of social capital - preference-based social capital increases the weight on a friend's utility by 15% while cooperative social capital adds another 5%.
The document discusses challenges and opportunities for education in engaging with the current generation of students, known as the Net Generation. It notes that this generation spends more time online and using new technologies than previous generations. To effectively serve Net Gen students, educational institutions will need to blur boundaries between online and face-to-face learning, embrace new mobile technologies, leverage gaming and social networking, and use analytics to personalize education. Creating a sustainable learning environment requires vision, planning, fundraising and maintaining facilities and operations.
Technology is changing how we recruit and candidates' expectations. Candidates have been influenced by movies, gaming and social media to expect rich multimedia experiences online. Recruiters need to use technology like job boards, websites and online communities to engage these sophisticated candidates and gain a competitive edge. The future is here - recruiters must offer the engaging online experiences candidates now expect.
The document reports on a survey of students about their use of social networking, online games, and virtual environments. It finds that most students use Facebook daily and their most popular activities are viewing photos and communicating with friends. While a minority play online games, those that do value the social interaction aspect. The document discusses how educational tools could better incorporate social networking features and leverage students' interest in interacting with others in online spaces.
ECD Systems announced the launch of FairShare SNE, a social networking engine that will power new social networking capabilities for casual game players and developers. FairShare SNE will enable gamers to download games, share opinions, earn credits for recommendations, and build reputations as experts by interacting with other gamers and developers. It will also allow independent developers to post demos, share and sell their games, and get feedback from online gamers. This will give developers greater control over their games and more opportunities to sell titles through the advanced referral network. The first applications using FairShare SNE will be unveiled at the Game Developers Conference on March 8th.
More Related Content
Similar to Prioritization_EHS_Research_Needs_Engineered_Nanoscale_Materials
Prioritization Ehs Research Needs Engineered Nanoscale MaterialsCaptNano
This document summarizes the priorities for environmental, health, and safety research needs for engineered nanoscale materials as determined by the Nanotechnology Environmental and Health Implications Working Group. It outlines three principles used to prioritize the research: prioritizing based on the value of information gained to reduce uncertainty about risks and benefits, leveraging other research funded by other groups when appropriate, and using adaptive management to periodically update the priorities. Based on these principles and public comments, the working group identified the top five priority research needs within each of five categories of EHS research.
A frame work for sustainability indicators at epaChinmai Hemani
This document provides guidance for using sustainability indicators within the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It defines sustainability and discusses frameworks for sustainability indicators. It also describes classifications of indicators according to the three pillars of sustainability (environmental, social, economic), Report on the Environment topics, and ORD National Programs. The document outlines a global inventory of sustainability indicators developed by EPA and how to search, sort, and filter indicators in the database. It provides recommendations for selecting indicators for national reporting, focused investigations, and integrated indexes. Finally, it discusses implementing sustainability indicators and concludes with key considerations for EPA's use of indicators.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the U.S. agency responsible for conducting research to prevent work-related injury and illness. NIOSH provides resources for safe nanotechnology including guidance documents, a nanoparticle information library, reference materials, training, and recommendations for further research needs such as developing methods to detect nanomaterials and characterize their properties. NIOSH also conducts field research at organizations working with nanomaterials to assess exposures, practices, and make recommendations to update their guidance.
This document summarizes a presentation on nanotechnology applications and implications for Superfund sites. It discusses several sessions that were part of a learning webinar series on nanotechnology, including sessions on metal and DNAPL remediation, superfund site remediation, environmental sensors, fate and transport of nanoparticles, human toxicology, ecotoxicology, and challenges around the diversity of nanoproducts. It also summarizes discussions on the end-of-life strategies for nanotechnologies, including potential entry of nanomaterials into the waste stream, and regulatory frameworks across the lifecycle of nanoproducts. Public perception concerns around nanotechnology are also briefly highlighted.
This document provides a table of contents for a book on computational toxicology. It outlines different parts of the book that cover introductions to toxicology methods, computational methods, applying computers to toxicity assessment of pharmaceuticals and the environment, and new technologies and regulatory perspectives. Each chapter is written by experts in the field and covers topics like quantitative structure-activity relationship models, predicting physicochemical properties, and using computer models in drug discovery and risk assessment.
Andrew Downes
HIQ Ltd New Zealand & Canterbury District Health Board
(Thursday, 2.30, Innovation in Practice 1)
In the days and weeks after the Canterbury earthquake, emergency response teams needed to be able to identify and support people who were at risk of adverse outcomes from a health perspective.
These people were not acutely injured during the earthquake itself. They were a potentially sizeable population of frail elderly living in the community in their own homes. They often have multiple co-morbidities and due to their low resilience could have ‘tipped over’ into needing acute care services very rapidly.
The implementation of interRAI, a national assessment tool being used by all District Health Boards allowed Canterbury DHB to receive prioritised lists from the national interRAI data warehouse, of ‘at risk’ elderly to assist the response teams to target their services.
In addition, subsequent to the earthquake a number of elderly people were moved from their homes and residential care facilities to other parts of the country. The national interRAI system was able to seamlessly move assessment and care plan records to the receiving District Health Board so that the receiving services could continue care appropriately.
The document outlines a strategic plan for the United States' Integrated Earth Observation System (IEOS). It discusses establishing IEOS to meet the country's needs for sustained Earth observation data to inform policymaking. IEOS will contribute to the Global Earth Observation System of Systems and help achieve nine societal benefit areas. The plan was developed by an interagency working group and establishes a governance structure and implementation framework for IEOS. It identifies next steps to realize IEOS, including integrating existing observation systems and addressing gaps.
This document provides a curriculum vitae for Prof. Dr. Rerum Naturalis Diplom Physiker Reinhard F. Bruch, summarizing his professional experience, education, awards, patents, publications, and areas of research interest. According to the CV, Prof. Bruch has over 40 years of experience in physics and nanotechnology research, including positions as a professor, guest professor, and research scientist. He has received numerous honors and awards for his scientific and business accomplishments.
This document summarizes the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) efforts regarding nanotechnology safety and health. It discusses that NIOSH is leading research to understand potential health impacts of nanomaterials and how to control risks. Some of NIOSH's major initiatives include studying mechanisms of nanoparticle toxicity, developing characterization and exposure monitoring methods, and investigating occupational exposure and controls. The document also reviews NIOSH's strategic plan to build a research program to address challenges of nanotechnology and fill knowledge gaps regarding the safe use and development of nanotechnology in the workplace.
This document summarizes the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) efforts regarding nanotechnology safety and health. It discusses that NIOSH is leading research to understand potential health impacts of nanomaterials and how to control risks. Some of NIOSH's major initiatives include studying mechanisms of nanoparticle toxicity, developing characterization and exposure monitoring methods, and investigating occupational exposure and controls. The document also reviews NIOSH's strategic plan to build a research program to address challenges of this emerging technology and fill knowledge gaps regarding understanding and preventing potential health issues from nanoparticles and applying nanotechnology safely.
The document provides an overview of the Human Genome Project (HGP). It describes the HGP's goal of mapping and sequencing the entire human genome. The HGP was an international research effort that worked alongside a private company, Celera Genomics, to complete a rough draft of the human genome by 2000. The completion of the HGP marked a major scientific achievement and has transformed fields like medicine, biotechnology, and genetics by providing a comprehensive map of the human genetic code.
This document discusses the risks of nanotechnology related to soil, air and water pollution. It begins by outlining the objectives of understanding the nature and characteristics of nanoparticles, the manufacturing processes used and their byproducts, and how nanoparticles may behave in the environment. It then discusses some examples of consumer products containing nanoparticles and potential health issues if nanoparticles are inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Environmental groups are concerned about a lack of research on nanoparticle impacts and the need for regulation and oversight of nanotechnology. In conclusion, while nanotechnology has potential benefits, new risk assessment and regulatory approaches may be needed to understand and mitigate potential negative environmental and health impacts.
The document provides an overview of health impact assessment (HIA) and discusses Ben Harris-Roxas' experience conducting HIAs since 2003, how HIA fits within environmental health and the social determinants of health, the typical steps involved in an HIA, and examples of different types of proposals and policies that HIAs have been applied to.
The EPA is conducting extensive internal and external research on nanotechnology to understand environmental and health implications. This research focuses on environmental fate and transport, exposure pathways, effects assessment methods, and risk analysis approaches. The goal is to develop proactive and predictive tools and strategies to manage any risks from nanomaterials while encouraging beneficial applications of the technology.
Arpad Alexander Vass's curriculum vitae provides information about his professional experience and qualifications. He has over 33 years of experience in various fields including forensic anthropology, criminal justice, biosafety, microbiology, and technology development. He has worked at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for over 20 years and currently works as the Chief Science Officer of avaSensor, Inc. and an instructor at the National Forensic Academy. Vass has extensive expertise in areas related to forensics, medicine, engineering, and national security research.
This document provides guidance for developing wastewater discharge permits under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. It was developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Water to address NPDES permit development requirements under the Clean Water Act (CWA) and EPA regulations. The guidance is intended to assist NPDES permitting authorities but does not substitute for or modify CWA or regulatory requirements.
Similar to Prioritization_EHS_Research_Needs_Engineered_Nanoscale_Materials (16)
Social networking sites allow people to share experiences and stories through new forms of online communication. This blurs distinctions between physical and virtual worlds as people increasingly live hybrid digital and offline lives. Such sites provide spaces for self-expression and community building around shared interests. They also incorporate elements of games through reward systems that keep users engaged. Going forward, social networking is likely to proliferate and blur boundaries further as broadcast and games converge, giving people more ways to both consume and actively participate in interactive narratives across physical and digital spaces.
This document summarizes a study that measures social capital within a social network. It defines two types of social capital: 1) preference-based social capital, which is based on altruism toward friends and declines with social distance; and 2) cooperative social capital, which arises from repeated interactions and cooperation between agents. The study finds evidence of both types of social capital - preference-based social capital increases the weight on a friend's utility by 15% while cooperative social capital adds another 5%.
The document discusses challenges and opportunities for education in engaging with the current generation of students, known as the Net Generation. It notes that this generation spends more time online and using new technologies than previous generations. To effectively serve Net Gen students, educational institutions will need to blur boundaries between online and face-to-face learning, embrace new mobile technologies, leverage gaming and social networking, and use analytics to personalize education. Creating a sustainable learning environment requires vision, planning, fundraising and maintaining facilities and operations.
Technology is changing how we recruit and candidates' expectations. Candidates have been influenced by movies, gaming and social media to expect rich multimedia experiences online. Recruiters need to use technology like job boards, websites and online communities to engage these sophisticated candidates and gain a competitive edge. The future is here - recruiters must offer the engaging online experiences candidates now expect.
The document reports on a survey of students about their use of social networking, online games, and virtual environments. It finds that most students use Facebook daily and their most popular activities are viewing photos and communicating with friends. While a minority play online games, those that do value the social interaction aspect. The document discusses how educational tools could better incorporate social networking features and leverage students' interest in interacting with others in online spaces.
ECD Systems announced the launch of FairShare SNE, a social networking engine that will power new social networking capabilities for casual game players and developers. FairShare SNE will enable gamers to download games, share opinions, earn credits for recommendations, and build reputations as experts by interacting with other gamers and developers. It will also allow independent developers to post demos, share and sell their games, and get feedback from online gamers. This will give developers greater control over their games and more opportunities to sell titles through the advanced referral network. The first applications using FairShare SNE will be unveiled at the Game Developers Conference on March 8th.
Porcupine is a highly available cluster-based mail service that uses commodity hardware to provide scalable email services. It addresses challenges of conventional mail solutions in performance, manageability and availability. Key techniques used include functional homogeneity, automatic reconfiguration, replication and load balancing to provide better availability, manageability and linear performance scaling with cluster size. Evaluation shows it efficiently handles failures, heterogeneous hardware and skewed workloads.
The VOCAL system can be run on a 700MHz Pentium III PC with 512MB RAM and 1GB disk space. It requires Linux, Apache, JDK, and browsers. It supports redundancy with multiple redirect, marshal, and feature servers and a maximum of two each of CDR and provisioning servers. The number of servers scales up based on system capacity and call volume.
The document discusses several concepts related to building scalable and available systems, including:
- Scalability involves a system's ability to handle expected loads with acceptable performance and to grow easily when loads increase. This may involve scaling up using bigger/faster systems or scaling out across multiple systems.
- Availability is the goal of having a system operational 100% of the time, requiring redundancy so there are no single points of failure.
- Performance measures like response time and throughput relate to a system's scalability and capacity. Distributing load across redundant and partitioned components can help improve scalability and availability.
The document discusses best practices for scalability and performance when developing PHP applications. Some key points include profiling and optimizing early, cooperating between development and operations teams, testing on production-like data, caching frequently accessed data, avoiding overuse of hard-to-scale resources, and using compiler caching and query optimization. Decoupling applications, caching, data federation, and replication are also presented as techniques for improving scalability.
7496_Hall 070204 Research Faculty Summitwebuploader
The document provides an overview and agenda for a presentation on Windows XP Embedded (XPe) and Windows CE 5.0. It discusses new features for XPe including enhanced security, compatibility with Windows XP SP2, and updated development tools. It also summarizes features for Windows CE 5.0 such as improvements to the core operating system, device drivers, international support, and networking capabilities. The presentation aims to discuss technical challenges and how embedded systems can enrich people's lives.
The document discusses the evolution of the user interface design for Microsoft Windows CE. It describes three iterations: the Handheld PC from 1995 which resembled a desktop PC but had usability issues; the Palm PC from 1998 which had a smaller screen and alternative inputs like handwriting but data entry was still difficult; and the Auto PC from 1998 which was designed for in-car use without a touchscreen or stylus and emphasized voice commands. While Windows CE aimed for consistency with desktop Windows, usability tests revealed issues at each stage and consistency alone did not guarantee success.
FreeBSD is an open source, Unix-like operating system that is highly customizable, secure, and stable. It provides high performance for servers with near 100% uptime and minimal downtime for upgrades. FreeBSD has a large community of developers contributing to its mature codebase and wide range of server applications. It is a free alternative to proprietary operating systems that supports hardware from many vendors.
The document discusses the FreeBSD-bio porting project, which aims to make bioinformatics applications easily installable on FreeBSD through the ports system. It provides an example of installing the EMBOSS bioinformatics suite and dependencies like gd through the ports. The project seeks to create an out-of-the-box bioinformatics server and collaborate through its mailing list to port more applications and databases.
FreeBSD divides itself into the base operating system and ports. The base OS contains core components while ports contain additional software. There are two ways to upgrade each - through binary packages or by compiling from source. Ports can be installed individually and have no hierarchy, but allow differentiation from the base OS and fine-grained control. The document describes a case study where multiple FreeBSD servers were used together for development, testing, and production in a synchronized way through a build master and CVSup server.
The document discusses the differences between Windows, FreeBSD and Linux operating systems in terms of security. It argues that while Linux has many benefits, deploying it poses operational security risks due to loose development processes and lack of a unified patching model. FreeBSD provides a more structured and secure development approach compared to Linux, while Windows aims to integrate security throughout its development lifecycle.
FreeBSD is an open source Unix-like operating system derived from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), with over 10,000 available packages. It is used widely in enterprise systems, powering many large websites and networks due to its stability, performance, and ability to run Linux applications. FreeBSD has a large developer community contributing to its ongoing development and release of new versions on a regular basis.
The document provides an overview of Win32 support in Pocket PC and Smartphone operating systems. It discusses design goals, character set support, kernel components, user interface graphics, connectivity, and Internet capabilities. Key points include Windows CE's focus on Unicode, client-side Win32 compatibility, and exclusion of some desktop features. The kernel supports processes, threads, and I/O but lacks fibers and DDE. Graphics support text and vectors while connectivity includes sockets and Web browsing via Pocket IE. The document recommends resources for further Windows CE development information.
The document summarizes .NET Compact Framework interop and calling native code from managed applications on Windows CE devices. It discusses using P/Invoke to call functions in unmanaged DLLs, challenges with marshaling data, notifying managed code of external events, and improvements in the .NET Compact Framework 2.0 like better performance, XML serialization, and SQL CE support.
The document discusses future directions for the Windows CE operating system architecture. It summarizes that Windows CE 6.0 removes the limitations of 32 processes and 32MB per process in CE 5.0 through a new virtual memory model. It also describes moving critical OS components into the kernel for improved performance and security. Additional new features include large memory mapped file support and improved compatibility, though some applications may require changes.
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...BBPMedia1
Nathalie zal delen hoe DEI en ESG een fundamentele rol kunnen spelen in je merkstrategie en je de juiste aansluiting kan creëren met je doelgroep. Door middel van voorbeelden en simpele handvatten toont ze hoe dit in jouw organisatie toegepast kan worden.
Top 10 Free Accounting and Bookkeeping Apps for Small BusinessesYourLegal Accounting
Maintaining a proper record of your money is important for any business whether it is small or large. It helps you stay one step ahead in the financial race and be aware of your earnings and any tax obligations.
However, managing finances without an entire accounting staff can be challenging for small businesses.
Accounting apps can help with that! They resemble your private money manager.
They organize all of your transactions automatically as soon as you link them to your corporate bank account. Additionally, they are compatible with your phone, allowing you to monitor your finances from anywhere. Cool, right?
Thus, we’ll be looking at several fantastic accounting apps in this blog that will help you develop your business and save time.
How are Lilac French Bulldogs Beauty Charming the World and Capturing Hearts....Lacey Max
“After being the most listed dog breed in the United States for 31
years in a row, the Labrador Retriever has dropped to second place
in the American Kennel Club's annual survey of the country's most
popular canines. The French Bulldog is the new top dog in the
United States as of 2022. The stylish puppy has ascended the
rankings in rapid time despite having health concerns and limited
color choices.”
Profiles of Iconic Fashion Personalities.pdfTTop Threads
The fashion industry is dynamic and ever-changing, continuously sculpted by trailblazing visionaries who challenge norms and redefine beauty. This document delves into the profiles of some of the most iconic fashion personalities whose impact has left a lasting impression on the industry. From timeless designers to modern-day influencers, each individual has uniquely woven their thread into the rich fabric of fashion history, contributing to its ongoing evolution.
Zodiac Signs and Food Preferences_ What Your Sign Says About Your Tastemy Pandit
Know what your zodiac sign says about your taste in food! Explore how the 12 zodiac signs influence your culinary preferences with insights from MyPandit. Dive into astrology and flavors!
3 Simple Steps To Buy Verified Payoneer Account In 2024SEOSMMEARTH
Buy Verified Payoneer Account: Quick and Secure Way to Receive Payments
Buy Verified Payoneer Account With 100% secure documents, [ USA, UK, CA ]. Are you looking for a reliable and safe way to receive payments online? Then you need buy verified Payoneer account ! Payoneer is a global payment platform that allows businesses and individuals to send and receive money in over 200 countries.
If You Want To More Information just Contact Now:
Skype: SEOSMMEARTH
Telegram: @seosmmearth
Gmail: seosmmearth@gmail.com
Brian Fitzsimmons on the Business Strategy and Content Flywheel of Barstool S...Neil Horowitz
On episode 272 of the Digital and Social Media Sports Podcast, Neil chatted with Brian Fitzsimmons, Director of Licensing and Business Development for Barstool Sports.
What follows is a collection of snippets from the podcast. To hear the full interview and more, check out the podcast on all podcast platforms and at www.dsmsports.net
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Final ank Satta Matka Dpbos Final ank Satta Matta Matka 143 Kalyan Matka Guessing Final Matka Final ank Today Matka 420 Satta Batta Satta 143 Kalyan Chart Main Bazar Chart vip Matka Guessing Dpboss 143 Guessing Kalyan night
IMPACT Silver is a pure silver zinc producer with over $260 million in revenue since 2008 and a large 100% owned 210km Mexico land package - 2024 catalysts includes new 14% grade zinc Plomosas mine and 20,000m of fully funded exploration drilling.
Unveiling the Dynamic Personalities, Key Dates, and Horoscope Insights: Gemin...my Pandit
Explore the fascinating world of the Gemini Zodiac Sign. Discover the unique personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights of Gemini individuals. Learn how their sociable, communicative nature and boundless curiosity make them the dynamic explorers of the zodiac. Dive into the duality of the Gemini sign and understand their intellectual and adventurous spirit.
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb PlatformSabaaSudozai
BriansClub.cm, a famous platform on the dark web, has become one of the most infamous carding marketplaces, specializing in the sale of stolen credit card data.
HOW TO START UP A COMPANY A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE.pdf46adnanshahzad
How to Start Up a Company: A Step-by-Step Guide Starting a company is an exciting adventure that combines creativity, strategy, and hard work. It can seem overwhelming at first, but with the right guidance, anyone can transform a great idea into a successful business. Let's dive into how to start up a company, from the initial spark of an idea to securing funding and launching your startup.
Introduction
Have you ever dreamed of turning your innovative idea into a thriving business? Starting a company involves numerous steps and decisions, but don't worry—we're here to help. Whether you're exploring how to start a startup company or wondering how to start up a small business, this guide will walk you through the process, step by step.
SATTA MATKA SATTA FAST RESULT KALYAN TOP MATKA RESULT KALYAN SATTA MATKA FAST RESULT MILAN RATAN RAJDHANI MAIN BAZAR MATKA FAST TIPS RESULT MATKA CHART JODI CHART PANEL CHART FREE FIX GAME SATTAMATKA ! MATKA MOBI SATTA 143 spboss.in TOP NO1 RESULT FULL RATE MATKA ONLINE GAME PLAY BY APP SPBOSS
1. PRIORITIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH, AND SAFETY
RESEARCH NEEDS FOR ENGINEERED NANOSCALE MATERIALS
AN INTERIM DOCUMENT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT
August 2007
Released for Public Comment on August 16, 2007
Deadline for Comments September 17, 2007
Submit Comments at http://www.nano.gov/html/society/ehs_priorities/
Nanotechnology Environmental and Health Implications Working Group
Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology Subcommittee
Committee on Technology
National Science and Technology Council
2.
3. Report prepared by
NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL
COMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGY (CT)
SUBCOMMITTEE ON NANOSCALE SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY (NSET)
NANOTECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH IMPLICATIONS (NEHI) WORKING GROUP
NEHI Working Group Chair: Norris Alderson
NEHI Executive Secretary: Dianne Poster
Department and Agency Representatives
Office of Science and Technology Department of State (DOS) National Institutes of Health
Policy (OSTP) (NIH/DHHS)
Robert Rudnitsky
Celia Merzbacher Travis Earles
Department of Transportation
Travis Earles Scott McNeil
(DOT)
Bruce Rodan Sally Tinkle
William Chernicoff
Nigel Walker
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Management and Budget National Institute for Occupational
(EPA)
(OMB) Safety and Health
Kevin Dreher
Nancy Beck (NIOSH/CDC/DHHS)
Jeremiah Duncan
Megan Wallace Vladimir Murashov
Nora Savage
Margaret Malanoski
National Institute of Standards and
Philip Sayre
Council of Environmental Quality Technology (NIST/DOC)
Food and Drug Administration
(CEQ) Dianne Poster
(FDA)
Mary Belefski John Small
Norris Alderson
Amy Farrell
National Science Foundation (NSF)
Richard Canady
Enriqueta Barrera
International Trade Commission
Consumer Product Safety
Cynthia Ekstein
(ITC)
Commission (CPSC)
Lynn Preston
Elizabeth Nesbitt
Mary Ann Danello
Mihail Roco
Treye Thomas National Aeronautics and Space Alan James Tessier
Administration (NASA)
Cooperative State Research,
Minoo Dastoor
Education and Extension Service Occupational Safety and Health
(CSREES/USDA) Administration (OSHA)
Monte Johnson William Perry
Loretta Schuman
Department of Defense (DOD)
David Sheets U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Sarah Gerould
Department of Energy (DOE)
Daniel Marsick
John Miller
Ken Rivera
Paul Wambach
National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (NNCO) staff members contributing to this document:
Clayton Teague, Director
Catherine Alexander Brennan
Geoffrey Holdridge
4.
5. OVERVIEW
The September 2006 National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) document EHS Research Needs for
Engineered Nanoscale Materials (http://www.nano.gov/NNI_EHS_research_needs.pdf), hereafter
referred to as the EHS Research Needs document, identified for the Federal government five broad
categories of environmental, health, and safety (EHS) research and information needs. Within these
five categories, the EHS Research Needs document defined seventy-five specific needs related to
risk assessment and management of nanoscale materials. It also provided principles for prioritizing
EHS research.
Following release of the EHS Research Needs document, the interagency Nanotechnology
Environmental and Health Implications (NEHI) Working Group solicited public comment on the
prioritization principles and continued to assess the research needs. As a result, the Working Group
has refined the prioritization principles and has reorganized and, in some cases, revised slightly the
statement of the research needs and categories. The Working Group used the updated principles to
identify five priorities within each of the five categories of EHS research and information needs.
This document defines these twenty-five priorities along with the revised principles and the process
used for prioritizing EHS research needs.
The NNI has recognized from its inception the need to support research on the potential risks of
specific nanomaterials in parallel with research on related basic science and applications. Federal
agencies that have a responsibility to protect human health and the environment need information
about the potential hazards associated with nanomaterials in order to provide appropriate guidance
and oversight. The NEHI Working Group, under guidance of the Nanoscale Science, Engineering,
and Technology (NSET) Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council, has
created and continuously assesses a framework under which to broadly consider EHS research
needs specific to nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Federal agencies that regulate and/or conduct
research and development with nanomaterials are involved in this ongoing assessment. Important
to this assessment are inputs from non-Federal experts on risk assessment issues and from
previously published reports relevant to [or focused on] this topic. Such resources are particularly
important to the strategic planning undertaken by the NNI to identify priority research and
coordinate among agencies in support of such research.
PRINCIPLES FOR PRIORITIZING EHS RESEARCH
Based on public comments, the original principles for prioritizing research needs, as described in
the EHS Research Needs document, were refined and elaborated upon and were used as guidelines
in setting the priorities that are central to this document. The three major principles presented in the
EHS Research Needs document are outlined below, followed by a clarification of these principles
in response to the public review of the EHS Research Needs document.
1. Prioritize research based on the value of information. This overarching principle calls for the
following factors to be taken into consideration:
− the extent to which information gained from investment in research funding will
reduce uncertainty about both benefits and risks of nanomaterials
− the extent to which information may lead to broad knowledge about properties and
behavior of nanomaterials or classes of nanomaterials
− the extent of use expected for a nanomaterial or groups of nanomaterials; potential of
worker, consumer, or environmental exposure to nanomaterials
1
6. Prioritization of Environmental, Health, and Safety Research Needs for Engineered Nanoscale Materials
2. Where appropriate, seek to leverage research funded by other governments and the private
sector. Other nations and various industries support EHS research that can address research
needs identified by the NEHI Working Group. This principle seeks to avoid unnecessary
duplication of research and to leverage investments by identifying opportunities to collaborate
or build upon efforts of other stakeholders.
3. Use adaptive management for nanomaterial EHS research. The emerging nature of
nanomaterials research, development, and commercialization means that EHS research
priorities need to be evaluated and updated periodically.
The NEHI Working Group received approximately 40 public comments, written and oral, during
its comment solicitation period in December 2006 and January 2007 and at a public meeting on
January 4, 2007 (http://www.nano.gov). Most of the comments expressed support for the
prioritization criteria identified in the EHS Research Needs document (http://www.nano.gov
/NNI_EHS_research_needs.pdf). Of particular value to the work of prioritizing EHS research and
information needs were the comments that addressed specific elements of the proposed
prioritization principles. Addressing these comments helped to clarify the importance and meaning
of those principles. The discussion below summarizes the comments and responses related to the
principle of “prioritizing research on the basis of value of information.” Comments suggested
examining two broad prioritization areas with respect to this principle:
1. Short-term urgency and/or existing problems. A number of commenters suggested prioritizing
short-term research based on (a) opportunities to complete findings in the near term, (b)
necessity of work to enable further developments (e.g., metrology), or (c) urgency due to
current commercial use of specific nanomaterials or current occupational exposures.
Prioritization of research to address existing exposures and nanomaterials with the greatest
likelihood of exposure or that is required to enable future research is consistent with the
originally stated criteria for assessing “value of information.” However, these existing, high-
value research needs may have near-term solutions or require longer-term research. For
example, occupational exposure measurement and mitigation is an existing, high-priority area
with near-term research opportunities and is reflected in several top research priorities in this
document. In contrast, longer-term research—research that can be expected to take many years
to complete or that requires the development of new technology—may be important for
addressing some of the existing problems. Thus, the length of time required to complete a
research need was recognized in the research priorities here, but not emphasized in the value-
of-information or other prioritization principles.
2. Align risk assessment research with risk management needs. Some comments encouraged
prioritizing EHS research based on its relevance to risk management decisions. This, in fact,
was the starting point for development of the EHS Research Needs document. The regulatory
and research agencies of the NNI evaluated their information needs based on the risk
management responsibilities that are integral to protecting public health and the environment.
Through an adaptive management process, the risk management needs of those who assess and
manage risk will be evaluated in an ongoing manner, and the NNI EHS research priorities will
be updated to reflect the most pressing needs. Relevance to risk management is not a separate
prioritizing principle but is, rather, a foundational principle when defining EHS research needs.
Some comments also called for focusing Federal investment on enabling infrastructure, including
the development of tools and methods as well as basic scientific understanding to support EHS
research broadly. The NEHI Working Group agrees that such infrastructure is of high value and is
a worthy supplement to the value-of-information principle because it is useful to industry and
academia, as well as to the Federal Government and bodies with EHS responsibilities at State and
other levels of government.
2
7. Prioritization of Environmental, Health, and Safety Research Needs for Engineered Nanoscale Materials
An overall challenge to the appropriateness of the NNI prioritization criterion of “value-of-
information” indicated that a typical value-of-information methodology might not be appropriate
for the state of development of nanomaterials. It was argued that “value-of-information
methodologies rely on quantifying the harms being reduced, which is not possible at this time for
nanomaterial risks.” The NEHI Working Group agrees with this assessment that predicting which
materials might be used commercially is challenging, as is quantifying the potential harms posed
by the introduction of specific materials. The Working Group also notes, however, that the value-
of-information principle was not intended to prescribe a formal methodology for inference,
learning, and sequential decision-making processes, but rather is intended to convey a broad and
expansive theme that is fundamental to decisions regarding use of Federal funds in general.
Moreover, the principle can be adapted for early stage technology development. With close
monitoring of the relevant EHS research and the commercial introduction of materials—activities
that will involve ongoing communication and cooperation with industry—the NEHI Working
Group believes that attempting to anticipate the commercial introduction of potentially harmful
nanomaterials is a worthy goal.
Many comments also included suggestions for research and information priorities for the NNI, as
opposed to prioritization principles, which was the subject of the comment solicitation.
Recommendations for research priorities will be considered with recommendations received in
response to the call for comments on this document. Other recommendations addressed how the
research needs are framed and communicated and how the research is to be conducted and
reported. All of the recommendations were evaluated and will be considered in the relevant
activities of the NEHI Working Group and NNI participating agencies.
PRIORITIZATION PROCESS
The NEHI Working Group formed a task force for each of the five research categories to prioritize
the needs within that category. NEHI member agencies were invited and encouraged to participate
in all of the task forces. The prioritization process for each task force was based on the principles
described above. The task forces also deliberated on further considerations for prioritization,
including the availability of research tools, current barriers for each need, possible approaches to
overcome such barriers, and agency-specific regulatory, research, and mission needs for EHS
research.
When overlapping research needs were identified within or across research categories, they were
integrated into revised statements of research needs reflecting the overlap. Other research needs
that appeared in various forms in multiple categories were consolidated in the prioritization
process. In particular, the cross-cutting needs to develop methods and instrumentation to quantify
or characterize nanomaterials in biological and environmental media and to develop standardized
sampling methods are now appropriately captured as priority needs in the Instrumentation,
Metrology, and Analytical Methods research category.
Twenty-five priority research needs across the five research categories have been identified and are
presented below. The needs are listed from highest to lowest priority for each category, with the
exception of those presented in the category Nanomaterials and Human Health. The Nanomaterials
and Human Health task force gave equal weight to identified research needs under an overarching
research priority for the category.
The sequence of research categories does not reflect prioritization among the categories, and the
order of priorities for each category is not intended to imply sequential funding or to suggest a
sequence for conducting research. Rather, the top priority research and information needs presented
are those identified as critical to understanding and managing potential risks of engineered
3
8. Prioritization of Environmental, Health, and Safety Research Needs for Engineered Nanoscale Materials
nanoscale materials that may be used in commercial or consumer products, medical treatments,
environmental applications, research, or elsewhere. Detailed descriptions of each of the research
categories and the research and information needs within each category are provided in the original
EHS Research Needs document.
SUMMARY OF RESEARCH PRIORITIES
Research Category: Instrumentation, Metrology, and Analytical Methods
The priority research needs for this category provide an integrated approach essential to
understanding, predicting, and quantifying the chemical and physical properties and behavior of
nanomaterials. The priorities under this research category underpin, and are fundamental to, all five
categories of EHS research and information needs. The priorities are:
1. Develop methods to detect nanomaterials in biological matrices, the environment, and the
workplace
2. Understand how chemical and physical modifications affect the properties of nanomaterials
3. Develop methods for standardizing assessment of particle size, size distribution, shape,
structure, and surface area
4. Develop certified reference materials for chemical and physical characterization of
nanomaterials
5. Develop methods to characterize a nanomaterial's spatio-chemical composition, purity, and
heterogeneity
In establishing these priorities, the task force considered research and other activities on
terminology, definitions, and inventories or databases of nanomaterials and their uses. The task
force noted that these support the development of instrumentation and analytical methods and all
aspects of the measurement process and that there is active work in these areas by Federal agencies,
international and other standard development organizations, academia, and the private sector.
Research Category: Nanomaterials and Human Health
Research on human health often involves complex, interrelated scientific concepts that are
investigated most efficiently by a parallel, rather than serial, research paradigm. This parallel
structure permits the investigation of single or integrated research questions and the leveraging of
progress in related areas. Evaluation of the human health research needs against this paradigm and
the value-of-information principle led to identification of an overarching research priority. The task
force identified five broad research needs that are critical to addressing this overarching priority
and to establishing the fundamental principles for nanomaterial interactions with living systems.
Overarching Research Priority: Understand generalizable characteristics of nanomaterials in
relation to toxicity in biological systems.
Broad Research Needs
• Develop methods to quantify and characterize exposure to nanomaterials and characterize
nanomaterials in biological matrices
• Understand the absorption and transport of nanomaterials throughout the human body
• Establish the relationship between the properties of nanomaterials and uptake via the
respiratory or digestive tracts or through the eyes or skin, and assess body burden
4
9. Prioritization of Environmental, Health, and Safety Research Needs for Engineered Nanoscale Materials
• Determine the mechanisms of interaction between nanomaterials and the body at the
molecular, cellular, and tissular levels
• Identify or develop appropriate in vitro and in vivo assays/models to predict in vivo human
responses to nanomaterials exposure
These broad research needs were considered equally critical to achieving the overarching goal of
understanding the potential for and mechanisms of engineered nanomaterials’ toxicity in humans.
They are also essential for the development of predictive models of toxicity and for risk
management.
Research Category: Nanomaterials and the Environment
The priority research needs for this category represent those that were presented in the EHS
Research Needs document, with revisions to ensure complete coverage of environmental issues.
The priorities are:
1. Understand the effects of engineered nanomaterials in individuals of a species and the
applicability of testing schemes to measure effects
2. Understand environmental exposures through identification of principle sources of exposure
and exposure routes
3. Evaluate abiotic and ecosystem-wide effects
4. Determine factors affecting the environmental transport of nanomaterials
5. Understand the transformation of nanomaterials under different environmental conditions
The first research need comprises research necessary for determining the adverse effects in
individuals of both aquatic and terrestrial species and for evaluating the applicability of testing
protocols, organisms, and associated testing schemes to determine such effects. Consideration
should be given to measuring toxicity, mechanisms such as metabolism, and the development of
structure-activity relationships.
The second research need is to identify sources of nanomaterials and their routes to the
environment, which should provide insights into which environmental receptors, such as individual
species, are exposed. Work in this area also would include research to assess the extent to which
nanomaterials bioaccumulate in those receptors, and it would identify relationships between
environmental exposure and the absorbed doses in relevant receptors.
The third research need is to determine effects of nanomaterials beyond those in individuals of a
species, including those exhibited at the population, community, and ecosystem level, such as
alterations to nutrient cycling. This need also includes the study of effects of nanomaterials on
other abiotic processes in the environment, such as changes to air quality or photo-oxidative or
catalytic effects.
The fourth research need, to determine the factors that affect the transport of nanomaterials in the
environment, includes research to understand and predict the transport within and between all
environmental media, as well as studies to gain better understanding of the effects of nanomaterials
on the transport and partitioning of other environmental chemicals such as metals.
The fifth research need focuses on research to examine transformations of nanomaterials under
different environmental conditions, for example, alterations of a material due to changes in
groundwater pH or exposure to sunlight.
5
10. Prioritization of Environmental, Health, and Safety Research Needs for Engineered Nanoscale Materials
Research to address all five of the needs in this category should consider not only the parent
nanomaterial but also the environmentally altered forms and any by-products caused by reactions,
either physical or chemical, of nanomaterials with environmental chemicals or matrices.
Research Category: Health and Environmental Exposure Assessment
Research in this category is aimed at assessing exposure to, rather than hazards of, nanomaterials
and the title has been revised from its original (Health and Environmental Surveillance) to better
reflect the scope of research. The priority research needs for this category identify work to enable
the collection of exposure information. Data collection should group individuals into exposure
categories and relate groups potentially exposed to nanomaterials, including workers, patients,
consumers, and neighbors of production or utilization plants. Research should consider exposure
assessment studies to quantify any general population exposures to nanomaterials resulting from
the use of consumer products and to identify cases of unusual injury and patterns of health
outcomes suspected of being associated with exposure to nanomaterials. Information on the
process, task, and location variables should be evaluated to understand how nanomaterials behave
in workplace environments and what factors determine the exposures to nanomaterials in such
environments. The original wording of selected priorities in this research category was changed to
better reflect the goal and to broaden the scope, for example, to include environmental effects and
to reflect uncertainty about potential exposure in the workplace. The priorities are:
1. Characterize exposures among workers
2. Identify population groups and environments exposed to engineered nanoscale materials
3. Characterize exposure to the general population from industrial processes and industrial and
consumer products containing nanomaterials
4. Characterize health of exposed populations and environments
5. Understand workplace processes and factors that determine exposure to nanomaterials
Research Category: Risk Management Methods
The many research needs for this category, as identified in the EHS Research Needs document,
were grouped by the risk management methods task force into five broad research needs, which
were then prioritized. The broad research needs are listed below, ranked from highest to lowest
priority. The task force recognized one of the research needs identified in the EHS Research Needs
document as encompassing the overarching research priority for this category.
Overarching Research Priority: Evaluate the appropriateness and effectiveness of current and
emerging risk management approaches for identifying those nanomaterials with the greatest
potential risks.
Broad Research Needs
1. Understand and develop best workplace practices, processes, and environmental exposure
controls
2. Examine product or material life cycle to inform risk reduction decisions
3. Develop risk characterization information to determine and classify nanomaterials based on
physical or chemical properties
4. Develop nanomaterial-use and safety-incident trend information to help focus risk management
efforts
5. Develop specific risk communication approaches and materials
6
11. Prioritization of Environmental, Health, and Safety Research Needs for Engineered Nanoscale Materials
The first broad need includes research to further understand and as needed adapt oversight
approaches and methods to nanotechnology. This need also captures research to assess, develop, or
improve: physical methods of control, such as personal protective equipment; process design and
engineering control systems; spill mitigation technologies; and appropriate packaging
requirements.
The second broad research need regarding material life cycle includes research on methods to
evaluate and, if needed, develop procedures for life cycle assessment that are suitable for
engineered nanomaterials. Research in life cycle assessment would include a focus on determining
the stages in a product’s life cycle that introduce the greatest potential for risk. This need also
captures research and information to develop or enhance material choices so that risks may be
reduced. For example, this would include research to understand and develop manufacturing
approaches that minimize environmental impact through “green design” principles or to determine
if there should be any limitations or restrictions when using certain modes of transportation or
waste disposal.
The third broad research need comprises research on methods to develop an improved
understanding of potential impacts of nanomaterials based on their properties to facilitate risk
management. For example, research to understand factors influencing flammability and reactivity
will allow for an accurate hazard determination and classification and facilitate material transport
and worker protection considerations.
The fourth broad research need addresses the development of nanomaterial trend information,
including material flow analysis, nanomaterial use in products, and accident or incident
investigations, to help focus risk management approaches with respect to reducing exposure to
nanomaterials from consumer products during use, disposal, or recycling, and by way of
transportation methods, spills or accidents.
The fifth broad research need includes research to develop effective methods for communicating
information on hazards from and potential for exposure to nanomaterials, as well as methods for
managing associated risks. This need includes research to evaluate whether current risk
communication methods are adequate for known risks and for risks that can be anticipated from
currently available information; research to develop effective methods to communicate risk or
safety information to potentially affected populations; and research to determine how best to
communicate hazard to the emergency response community under real-world accident scenarios.
NEXT STEPS
Toward the development of an NNI EHS research strategy, the NEHI Working Group has
identified research needs and priorities and is now in the process of evaluating the current NNI
EHS research portfolio. After obtaining public comments on the priorities described in this
document, the NEHI Working Group will perform a gap analysis to identify priority research areas
that are not being addressed by currently funded research. With this background of analysis and
public input, the NEHI Working Group will develop a strategy to address EHS research priorities.
This NNI EHS research strategy will report the finalized priorities, summarize current research
activities, describe the unmet research needs identified by the gap analysis, and will identify
opportunities for interagency collaboration. Finally, the research strategy will establish a process
for periodic review of progress and for updating the research needs and priorities.
The NNI EHS research strategy also will create a science-based framework that can be used by
individual agencies as guidance for the development of their mission-related research plans. The
research strategy will guide NNI participating agencies in coordinating their research plans,
7
12. Prioritization of Environmental, Health, and Safety Research Needs for Engineered Nanoscale Materials
developing research plans that are complementary, and supporting joint research efforts of mutual
interest and benefit.
The NSET Subcommittee is pursuing a dynamic, open, and transparent process in developing an
NNI EHS research strategy. This public document is one aspect of that effort. Input on this and
other elements of the research strategy from all stakeholders, including citizen and industry groups,
academia, and other research entities and end-users of scientific information, such as public policy-
makers and resource managers, has enhanced and will continue to enhance the impact and value of
EHS research for engineered nanoscale materials.
8