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1. PRESENTED BY : MANISH
AGRAWAL
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Division of labour
• Authority and responsibility
• Unity of command
• Unity of direction
• Scalar Chain
• Span of control
• Centralization and decentralization
• Equity
• Order
• Stability of tenure
• Initiative
• Esprit de crops
• conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
• The principles of management are fundamental
concepts and guidelines that help organizations
and managers effectively plan, organize, lead,
and control their activities to achieve their goals
and objectives. These principles have evolved
over time and have been developed by various
management thinkers and experts.

4. DIVISION OF LABOUR
• This principle suggests that work should be
divided among employees or teams based on
their specialization and skills. By doing so,
efficiency and productivity can be increased
because individuals can become more proficient
at their specific tasks.

5. AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY
• Managers should have the authority to make
decisions and give orders necessary for
achieving organizational goals. Along with this
authority, they should also be responsible for the
outcomes of their decisions.

6. UNITY OF COMMAND
• Employees should receive orders and
instructions from only one superior. This
principle helps to prevent confusion and
conflicting directives.

7. UNITY OF DIRECTION
• All activities and efforts within an organization
should be aligned toward a common goal or
objective. This ensures that everyone is working
towards the same purpose.

8. SCALAR CHAIN
• There should be a clear and formal chain of
command from top management to the lowest
levels of the organization. This chain of
command helps in maintaining order and
communication within the organization.

9. SPAN OF CONTROL
• Managers should have a manageable number of
subordinates reporting to them. The span of
control should be neither too narrow (resulting
in excessive layers of management) nor too wide
(resulting in a loss of control).

10. CENTRALIZATION AND DECENTRALIZATION
• The degree of decision-making authority should
be balanced between central management and
individual departments or units. Centralization
involves decisions being made at the top, while
decentralization allows lower-level managers or
employees to make decisions within their areas
of responsibility.

11. EQUITY
• Employees should be treated fairly and justly.
This includes fair compensation, recognition of
their contributions, and opportunities for
personal and professional growth.

12. ORDER
• Resources and personnel should be arranged in
the most efficient manner to achieve
organizational objectives. This involves both
physical and social order within the
organization.

13. STABILITY OF TENURE
• Employees should be given a reasonable amount
of job security and tenure in their positions.
High turnover can be costly and disruptive to an
organization.

14. INITIATIVE
• Employees should be encouraged to use their
creativity and initiative to contribute to the
organization. This can lead to innovation and
continuous improvement.

15. ESPRIT DE CORPS
• Building a sense of unity and team spirit among
employees is important. When employees work
well together and have a positive organizational
culture, it can enhance overall performance.

16. CONCLUSION
• These principles provide a framework for
effective management practices, but it's essential
to adapt and apply them in a way that suits the
specific needs and circumstances of each
organization. Additionally, modern
management practices often incorporate other
concepts and approaches, such as leadership
styles, strategic planning, and ethical
considerations, to complement these traditional
principles.

17. THANK YOU