The document discusses the principles and laws of motion, including types of motion, causes of motion, and the importance of friction in various applications. It explains methods to reduce friction and outlines advantages and disadvantages associated with friction. Additionally, it covers Newton's laws of motion, differentiating between centripetal and centrifugal forces, with examples of each and their real-life applications.

1. PRINCIPLES & LAWS OF MOTION
Dr. Aneri Patwari
MPT

2. CONTENT
• Causes of motion
• Types of motion
• Motion experienced by body
• Laws of motion
• Centripetal and centrifugal force

3. CAUSES OF MOTION

5. TYPE OF FORCE
.
FORCE
Contact Force
Like force [push
Unlike force
[pull]
Fractional
force.
Field Force
Magnet force
Gravitational
force
Electric force

9. FRICTION
When a body slides over the surface of another body, there is an
opposing force acting opposite to the direction of motion. This opposing
force is called friction. Thus, Friction can be define as a form of force
that opposes the relative sliding motion of objects in contact with
surface. it is a vector quantity which exist in "solid, liquid and gas.

10. METHOD OF REDUCING FRICTION
1. Streamlining: is used to reduce friction due to the shape of an object which ensures that only
a small surface area of the object is in head-on contact with the field. Example; Aeroplane, ship.
2. Ball Bearing: Shafts are fixed on ball bearing so that friction will reduce because rolling
friction is less than sliding friciton. it is provided in (shafts of motor, axle of motor).
3. Lubricating: is viscous liquid or oil which are applied between two surface contact.
Example; Lubricating of wheels.
4. Polishing: friction between two surfaces in contact can be reduced by polishing them.
Example; Jewel bearing in watches.
5. Use of pencil and polysterene.
6. Banking.

11. ADVANTAGES
1. The tier of a motor car and a bicycle are
made rough to increase friction.
2. Without friction, the brake of a motor
car cannot work.
3. Without friction between the feet and
the ground, it will not be possible to
walk without falling.
4. Friction helps in the roataion of the
various part of the machine.
5. When ground is slippery after rain, it is
made rough by spreading sand in order
not to cause slipping
DISADVANTAGE
1. It reduce motion.
2. It causes wear and tear in machine.
3. It reduce the efficiency of machine.
4. It causes the heating of engines.

13. KINDS OF MOTIONS AND Its
EXPERIENCE BY BODY

15. BASED ON SPPED

16. BASED ON PATH

19. Sliding
Boomerang
Planets around the sun:
circulatory motion
Boomerang

20. Pendulum: oscillatory
Spinning Top
Ticking of Clock:
periodic and rotatory

22. LAWS OF
MOTION

26. Newtons 1st law of motion
EXPLANATION EXAMPLE

27. Newtons 2nd law of motion:
EXPLANATION EXAMPLE

28. Newtons 3rd law of motion:

30. Newtons 1st law of motion:
INERTIA: Rest, Motion and Direction

31. Newtons 2nd law of motion:
force: mass and acceleration of object

32. Newtons 3rd of law:
Interacting object: Action and Reaction Force

34. CENTRIPETAL
AND
CENTRIFUGAL
FORCES

36. COMPARISON BASED ON CENTRIPETAL FORCE CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
Definition
It is defined as the force which acts to
keep an object moving on a circular path
and is directed towards the center of
the circle.
It is defined as the force is an external
imaginary force experienced by an
object that moves in a circular path
away from the center of rotation.
In Simple Words
Centripetal force is the force required
for circular motion.
Centrifugal force is the force that forces
an object to escape from the center.
Nature
It considers a real force and has its
effects on real life.
It is considered an imaginary force but it
also has a real effect.
Direction of motion
It causes a direction to rotate towards
the center.
It causes a direction to travel straight
without turning.
Observation
This is seen from an inertial frame of
reference.
This is seen from a non-inertial frame of
reference.
Formula
F = mv²/r in the opposite direction to the
centrifugal force.
F = mv²/r in the opposite direction to the
centripetal force.
Example The moon orbiting around the Earth. Vehicle slide off while making a turn.
Applications
In a roller coaster, it makes sharp turns
along the ends with the help of
centripetal force which prevents it from
moving away from the tracks.
You must have seen the ride of
Gravitron, in which the centrifugal force
gives pleasure to the rider by making
him feel in the air.

37. Electrons Orbiting around
Nucleus
Twirling a Lasso
Loop of Roller Coaster
Swinging Fair
Ride

38. Washing Machine
Dryer
Cream Separator
Merry-Go-Round